786 
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SCHO'OLMAID, s. A girl at school; 
As schoolmaids change their names 
By vain, though apt, affection. Shakspeare. 
SCHO'OLMAN, s. One versed in the niceties and sub- 
tilties of academical disputation.—The king, though no good 
schoolman , converted one of them by dispute. Bacon. 
Unlearn’d, he knew no schoolman's subtle art; 
No language, but the language of the heart. Pope. 
A writer of scholastic divinity or philosophy. 
Let subtle schoolmen teach these friends to fight. 
More studious to divide than to unite. Pope. 
SCHO'OLMASTER, s. One who presides and teaches 
in a school. 
I, thy schoolmaster, have made thee more profit 
Than other princes can, that have more time 
For vainer hours, and tutors not so careful. Shakspeare. 
No person shall keep a school-master, who does not con¬ 
stantly go to church, or is not allowed by the ordinary, on 
pain of 10/. a month; and the schoolmaster shall be 
disabled, and suffer a yearte imprisonment. Stat. 23 Eliz. 
cap. 1. 
Recusants are not to be schoolmasters in any public gram¬ 
mar-school, nor any other, unless the persons be licensed 
by the bishop, under the penalty of forfeiting 40s. a-day. 
B. Jac. I. c. 4. 
By 17 Car. II. c. 2., no person shall be schoolmaster, or 
take any boarders to be instructed by himself, or by any 
other, without taking an oath of allegiance therein men¬ 
tioned, on pain of 40/, 
Every schoolmaster keeping any public or private school, 
and every tutor in any private family, shall subscribe the 
declaration, that he will conform to the liturgy of the Church 
of England, as by law established, and be licensed by the 
ordinary, or he shall, for the first offence, suffer three 
months’ imprisonment; for the second and every other 
offence, be imprisoned three months, and forfeit 51., &c. 
13 & 14 Car. II. c. 4. 
For the exemption relating to Popish schoolmasters, pro¬ 
vided by statute, see Toleration. 
By 19 Geo. III. c. 44., no dissenting minister, nor any 
other Protestant dissenting from the church of England, who 
shall take the oaths, and subscribe the declaration against 
Popery, and the other declaration enjoined by that act, shall 
be prosecuted in any court whatsoever, for teaching and 
instructing youth as a tutor or schoolmaster : provided, that 
this shall not extend to the enabling any person, dissenting 
from the church of England, to hold the mastership of any 
college, or school of royal foundation, or of any other en¬ 
dowed college or school for the education of youth, unless 
the same shall have been founded since the first year of King 
William aud Queen Mary, for the immediate use and benefit 
of Protestant dissenters. 
SCHO'OLMISTRESS, s. A woman who governs a 
school. 
My schoolmistress, like a vixen Turk, 
Maintains her lazy husband by our work. Gap. 
SCHOOLY MOUNT, a post village of the United States, 
in Morris county, New Jersey. 
SCHOONER, a small vessel with two masts and a bow¬ 
sprit. The masts rake aft, but the bowsprit lies nearly hori¬ 
zontal. On the bowsprit are set two or three jibs; on the 
foremast a square foresail; and abaft the foremast a gaff or 
boomsail; and above those a topsail: abaft the mainmast set 
a boomsail, and above it a topsail. The main-stay leads 
through a block, at the head of the foremast, and sets up 
upon the deck by a tackle. By these means the sail abaft the 
foremast is not obstructed, when the vessel goes about, as the 
peak passes under the stay. Schooners sail very near the 
wind, arid require few hands to work them, Their rigging is 
S C H 
light, similar to that of a ketch, and the topmasts fix in iron 
rings, abaft the lower mast-heads. 
SCHOONHOVON, a small inland town of the Nether¬ 
lands, in the province of Utrecht, situated on the right bank 
of the branch of the Rhine called the Leek. It has a small 
port on the river, and a population of 2500. 
SCHOORISSE, a very large village of the Netherlands, 
in the province of West Flanders. Population 3100. 
SCHOOTEN (Francis), an eminent Dutch mathematician, 
flourished between the years 1627 and 1659. He was pro¬ 
fessor of mathematics at Leyden, and was one of the first 
who adopted the geometry of Descartes, upon which he 
wrote a commentary. He first translated the work into the 
Latin language, and then published it with comments. This 
was in the year 1649. Ten years afterwards he prepared a 
new edition, to which were added many interesting pieces; 
viz., the notes of M. de Baune; two letters of Hudde on the 
reduction of equations, and the maxima and minima; one 
by Van Heureat on the rectification of curves; two post¬ 
humous letters of M. de Baune on the nature and limits of 
equations; and the elements of curves, by De Wit. To the 
whole is subjoined a posthumous work of his own, entitled 
“ De concinnandis Demonstrationibus Geometricis ex calculo 
Algebraico.” According to Montucla, this work was gene¬ 
rally approved, as containing every thing necessary for un¬ 
derstanding the Geometry of Descartes, without that prolixity 
which is too frequent among commentators. Schooten was 
the author of a treatise, “ De Organica Sectionum Conica- 
rum in Plano Descriptione,” in which he teaches the various 
methods of describing conic sections by one continued 
motion. Schooten published also “ Exercitationum Mathe- 
maticarum Libri quinque,” containing among other things, a 
hundred arithmetical and geometrical propositions; the con¬ 
struction of simple geometrical problems: “ Sectiones Miscel- 
laneae triginta, quibus accedit Christiana Hugenii Tractatus 
de Ratiociniis in Alese Ludo.” 
SCHOOUBIAII, a sect among the Mussulmen, whose 
distinguishing'tenet it is, that the Sonnites are not at all pre¬ 
ferable to the Shiites, or Rafadhites, i. e. the orthodox to the 
heterodox, but that both the one and the other are equally 
true believers. 
The Schooubiah, therefore, should be, properly, the latitu- 
dinarians in Mahometanism; yet are they not regarded by 
either party as much better than gentiles or heathens, as their 
name in that language imports. 
There are many among the Mussulmen, who give into this 
sect, only secretly; Mahometanism, like all other false reli¬ 
gions, being an avowed enemy to toleration. 
SCHOPFHEIN, a small town in the west of Germany, 
in Baden, on the river Wiesen; 14 miles north-east of Bale, 
and 7 north of Rheinfelden. Population 1100. 
SCHOPFHEIM, a small town in the west of Germany, 
in Baden; 6 miles south-south-west of Offenburg. Popula¬ 
tion 1000. 
SCHOPP, a liquid measure at Francfort. 
SCHOPPENSTADT, a small town of Germany, in the 
duchy of Brunswick, with 1700 inhabitants; 15 miles east- 
by-south of Brunswick. 
SCHOPS, a small river of the Prussian states, in Upper 
Lusatia, which falls into the Spree. 
SCHOREL and Schoreldam, two villages of the 
Netherlands, in North Holland; the first 5 miles north-north¬ 
west, and the second 5 miles north of Alkmaar. They 
were the scene of some obstinate fighting between the 
British and Russian allied forces, and the French, in 1799. 
SCHORL, in Mineralogy, a mineral which is said to have 
derived its name from Schorlaw, in Saxony, where it was 
first observed. No word has been used by mineralogists with 
more latitude than schorl: according to Cronstedt it denotes 
any stone of a columnar form, with great hardness, and a 
specific gravity from 3 to 3,4. Werner first defined th e 
word schorl precisely, and restricted it to one species of 
stones. It occurs commonly in granite, gneiss, and similar 
rocks, The colour of common schorl is velvet-black ; it is 
found 
