S C H 
found both in masses and crystallized. The crystals are 
three-sided prisms, having their lateral edges truncated, and 
are mostly long and slender, and are either aggregated in 
parallel or diverging concretions. The fracture is imper¬ 
fectly conchoidal; it is opaque, and fusible into a black 
glass. The hardness is somewhat inferior to quartz. Hairy 
classes common schorl as a variety of tourmaline, owing to 
the presence of iron. Schorl does not always acquire electri¬ 
city by being heated, which is the case with tourmaline. 
The constituent parts of schorl, as given by Gerhard, are : 
—Silex 38, alumine 20, lime 20, oxyd of iron and manganese 
19, loss 3. Total 100. 
SCHONDORF, a town of the west of Germany, in 
Wurtemberg, on the Rems; 17 miles east of Stutgard. It 
contains 3500 inhabitants, and is neatly built. The chief 
manufacture is coarse woollens. The environs have always 
been noted for their fertility, and produce very good wine. 
Lat. 48. 47. 54. N. long. 9. 31. 19. E. 
SCHOTANUS (Christian), an historical writer, was bom 
in 1603, at Scheng, a village in Friseland. He was chosen 
professor of Greek and ecclesiastical history at Franeker, as 
well as one of the ministers of that place. He died in 1671. 
His principal works were, “ A Description of Friseland,” 
with plates; “A History of Friseland,” to the year 1558: 
these are both in the Dutch language: “ Continuatio 
Historic Sacrse Sulpitii Severi;” “ Bibliotheca Historia, 
Sacrae Veteris Testamenti, sive Exercitationes in historiam 
sacram Sulpitii Severi et Josephi,” in 2 vols. folio. 
SCHOTIA [so named by Jacquin, from Richard Vander 
Schot, his companion in his travels], in Botany, a genus of the 
class decandria, order mongynia, natural order of lomentaceae, 
leguminosse (Juss.) —Generic Character. Calyx: perianth 
one-leafed, coloured; tube turbinate, sub-compressed, fleshy, 
permanent; border half-five-cleft; segments ovate, concave, 
blunt, erect, equal. Corolla: petals five, placed on the tube 
of the calyx, oblong, concave, blunt, erect, equal, lying 
over each other at the sides, sessile, twice as long as the seg¬ 
ments of the calyx. Stamina: filaments ten, awl-shaped, 
erect, a little longer than the petals, inserted in a ring into 
the tube of the calyx. Anthers oblong, incumbent. Pistil: 
germ oblong, compressed, pedicelled. Style filiform, length 
of the stamens. Stigma simple, blunt. Pericarp: legume 
pedicelled. Seeds two.— Essential Character. Calyx 
five-cleft. Petals five, inserted into the calyx, closed by the 
sides lying over each other. Legume pedicelled. 
Schotia speciosa, or lentiscus-leaved scholia.—It is found 
to be a native of Senegal, as well as of the Cape of Good 
Hope. For the description and culture, see Guaiacum 
Afrum. 
SCHOTT (Andrew), a learned Jesuit, was born at 
Antwerp in 1552. He studied at Louvain, and was for some 
time in the family of the famous Busbequius at Paris, where 
he formed connections with some of the most eminent 
literary characters. He afterwards visited Spain, and resided 
some years with the archbishop of Tarragona, from whose 
house he entered into the order of the Jesuits in 1586. He 
taught Greek at several of their colleges, and was at length 
made professor of eloquence at Rome. Returning to 
Antwerp, he passed his remaining years in learned labours, 
and died in 1629. As a man, he possessed an open and 
liberal disposition, taking pleasure at all times in obliging 
men of letters, without any respect to their country or 
opinions. He was distinguished ior his deep knowledge of 
the Greek, and published several works of the philological 
class. He gave an edition of Photius, with a Latin version 
and notes; likewise editions of several of the fathers, 
enriched with notes and commentaries on a number of 
ancient writers. He wrote biographical accounts of St. 
Francis of Borgia; Ferdinand Nunez , James Laynez ; and 
Peter Ciaconius; and was author of a work entitled 
“ Hispania illustrata,” 4 vols. fob 
SCHOTT (Gaspard), a Jesuit, famous for his discoveries 
in natural and experimental philosophy, was bom in 1608, 
in the diocese of Wurtzburg. He passed several years at 
S C H 787 
Palermo, whence he removed to Rome, where he contracted 
an intimacy with the celebrated Kircher, who communicated 
to him several of his observations on the arts and sciences. 
Schott was author of several works, of which the most re¬ 
markable are, 1. “ Physica curiosa; sive Mirabilia Naturae 
et Artis;” 2. “ Magia naturalis et artificialis,” four vols. 
4to.; 3. “ Technica curiosa;” in this work is found the first 
idea of the air-pump; 4. “ Anatomia Physico-hydrostatica 
Fontium et Fluminum;” 5. “ Organum Mathematicum.” 
In the various writings of this Jesuit are to be met with the 
germs of the greater part of modern experiments in physics. 
His name was, nevertheless, entirely forgotten, till it was 
brought to notice in 1785 by the abbe Mercier, in his Notice 
Raisonee. 
SCHOTTEN, a small town of the west of Germany, in 
Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Vogelsberg, with 1700 inhabitants; 
26 miles north-east of Frankfort-on-the-Maine. 
SCHOTTWEIN, a small town of Lower Austria, at the 
foot of the Sommering, with 800 inhabitants; 42 miles 
south-by-west of Vienna. 
SCHOUSBOEA [so denominated by Willdenow, in 
honour of Mr. Schousboe, a celebrated botanist, who 
made many botanical discoveries in his travels, between the 
years 1790 and 1793, through the kingdom of Morocco, 
where he resided as Danish consul], in Botany, a genus 
of the class decandria, order monogynia, natural order 
of calycanthemse, onagrse (Juss.) — Generic Character. 
Calyx : perianth superior, of one leaf, bell-shaped, five¬ 
toothed, coloured, deciduous. Corolla: petals five, elliptic- 
lanceolate, acute, equal, inserted between the teeth of the 
calyx. Stamina: filaments ten, thread-shaped, twice the 
length of the calyx, and inserted into its lower part: anthers 
ovate, of two cells. Pistil: germen inferior, ovate, furrowed ; 
style thread-shaped, the length of the stamens; stigma 
acute. Pericarp: berry oval, with five angles, of one cell. 
Seed solitary, with a membranous tunic.— Essential 
Character. Calyx superior bell-shaped, five-cleft, bearing 
the corolla. Petals five. Berry with five angles. Seed 
solitary, tunicated. 
Schousboea coccinea.—Gathered by Aublet, on the 
banks of the Sinemari river, in Guiana, twenty leagues from 
its mouth. The stem is shrubby, six or seven inches in 
diameter at the bottom, climbing, by long twining branches, 
to the tops of lofty trees, from whence the extremities of 
those branches, laden with leaves and flowers, are pendulous. 
Leaves alternate, on short stalks, smooth, firm, rigid, oval, 
pointed, entire, four or five inches long, with one rib, and 
many transverse veins. Spikes terminal, solitary, long, 
many-flowered. Bracteas lanceolate, acute, green, nearly 
as long as the flowers. Calyx green at the base; of a coral 
red in the upper part. Petals veiny, red as well as the 
stamens. The genus is akin to Fuchsiar. The flowers and 
fruit are both to be found in October. Berry an inch and 
half long, pointed, yellow, pulpy. 
SCHOUTEN’S ISLAND, an island on the east coast of 
Van Dieman’s Land, consisting of lofty black mountains, 
separated by deep reaches. This was ascertained by the 
French navigators, who in this manner put an end to the 
notion that there were here several instead of one island. 
SCHOWEN, an island of the Netherlands, forming part 
of the province of Zealand, and situated at the mouth of the 
Scheldt. Its extent, 15 miles in length and 5 in breadth), 
was formerly greater, a part of it having been overflowed by 
the sea. In 1809, it was for a short time occupied by a 
British force. The chief town is Zierikzee. 
SCHRADERA [so named by Vahl, in honour of Henry 
Adolphus Schrader, author of “ Spicilegium Florae Ger- 
manicae.” Hann. 1794.], in Botany, a genus of the 
class hexandria, order monogynia. — Generic Character. 
Calyx : a superior rim, quite entire, closely surrounding the 
base of the corolla. Corolla: thick, one-petalled; tube 
half an inch long, gradually widening upwards, within 
smooth below, hairy above; border five or six-parted; seg¬ 
ments fleshy, lanceolate, a little reflexed, above towards the 
throat 
