788 
SCI! 
throat flat; in front triangular, on the compressed sides 
keeled; at the base of the keel a triangular fleshy toothlet; 
beneath flat. Stamina: filaments scarcely any. Anthers 
five or six, linear, between the segments of the border, three 
times shorter than the border. Pistil: germ inferior, four- 
cornered at the base, the sides a little pressed in, the corners 
acute. Style one, shorter than the tube of the corolla. 
Stigmas two, thick, oblong. Pericarp: berry one-celled. 
Seeds very many, minute.— Essential Character. Calyx a 
superior rim, quite entire. Corolla five or six-cleft. Stigmas 
two. Berry one-celled, many seeded ; or involucre universal, 
many-flowered. Calyx superior, pitcher-shaped. Corolla 
five or six-cleft, bell-shaped, hairy at the throat. Berry 
many-seeded. Willd. 
1. Schradera capitata.—A climbing parasitical shrub, with 
square branches, covered by an ash-coloured bark. Leaves 
opposite, roundish-elliptic, entire, coriaceous. Peduncle ter¬ 
minating, an inch and half long. Flowers in heads. Invo¬ 
lucre coriaceous, one-leafed, five-cleft, containing about 
fifteen flowers, segments roundish, blunt. Calyx bell-shaped, 
permanent. The number of segments in the corolla and of 
the stamens, varies from five to six.—Discovered in the high 
mountains of the island of Montserrat. 
2. Schradera cephalotes.—Involucre quite entire, calyx 
toothed, leaves acuminate.—Native of Jamaica. 
SCHRAETSER, in Ichthyology, the name of a fish very 
common in the Danube, resembling our ruff, or small gilded 
pearch. See Perca. 
SCHRAMBERG, a small town in the west of Germany, 
in Wirtemberg and the Black Forest; 10 miles north-west 
of Rothweil. Population 1800. 
SCHRANKIA [named by Willdenow in honour of 
Francis Von Paula Schrank, author of Primitise Florae 
Salisburgensis], in Botany, a genus of the class polygamia, 
order monoecia, natural order lomentaccae, leguminosse 
(Juss.) —Generic Character. Calyx: perianth inferior, 
minute tubular, with five erect teeth, deciduous. Corolla: 
petals five, erect, lanceolate, inserted into the tube of the 
calyx, alternate with its teeth. Stamina: filaments ten, 
capillary, flaccid, inserted into the tube of the calyx, twice 
as long as the corolla, somewhat unequal; anthers versatile, 
roundish, incumbent. Pistil: gerrnen superior, oval, 
slightly compressed; style thread-shaped; stigma obtuse. 
Pericarp: legume oblong, quadrangular, of one cell and 
four valves, the two opposite ones rather the shortest: Seeds 
numerous, quadrangular, compressed, in a single row. Some 
flowers are four-cleft; others are male only, on the same 
tree.— Essential Character. Calyx inferior, with five teeth. 
Petals five, inserted into the calyx. Legume of four valves, 
with many seeds. Some flowers male. 
1. Schrankia aculeata, or Vera Cruz schrankia.—General 
leaflets two or three pair. Stem with four angles. Very 
frequent in all the sandy ground about Vera Cruz, according 
to Houstoun, who sent seeds to England, which, Miller says, 
succeeded in several gardens. The plant is herbaceous and 
perennial, requiring to be kept in a stove, where it blossoms 
in the summer months. The root is tuberous, as in the 
whole genus. Stems weak and trailing, but little branched, 
square, zig-zag, leafy, armed with numerous, compressed, 
hooked prickles, as are all the stalks and seed-vessels. 
Leaves abruptly doubly pinnate; their primary leaflets two 
or three pair, each of numerous pairs of crowded, imbricated, 
simple, elliptic-oblong, entire leaflets, each half an inch 
long. Flowers very numerous, in globose, axillary, solitary, 
rather long-stalked heads, of a beautiful red, with yellow 
anthers. Each head perfects but two or three acute, straight, 
spreading legumes, (as they are by analogy called,) about 
two inches long. 
2. Schrankia hamata or beaked schrankia.—General 
leaflets four pair. Legume with a pointed beak. Stem with 
five angles. Flower stalks very short.—Gathered by 
Humboldt and Bonpland in South America. Herbaceous, 
covered with hooked prickles. Heads of flowers on very 
short stalks. Each valve of the legume is armed with a 
S C H 
triple row of densely crowded prickles. The ultimate 
leaflets are linear, not elliptical. 
3. Schrankia uncinata or hooked schrankia.—General 
leaflets five to seven pair. Legume pointed. Stem with 
five angles. Flower-stalks longer than the foot stalks.—In 
old fields and meadows, from Virginia to Florida : flowering 
in June and July. It is known by the name of Sensitive 
Briar. Pursh .—This species resembles the two former in 
habit, but the primary divisions of the leaves are much more 
numerous. The flowers are of a fine rose-colour, with yellow 
anthers, and stand on long prickly stalks, sometimes two toge¬ 
ther. Legume beset with dense rows of prominent prickles. 
SCHRAPLAU, a small town of Prussian Saxony, in the 
county of Mansfield; 6 miles south-east of Eiszleben. Po¬ 
pulation 900. 
SCHREBERA [so named in honour of Jo. Christian 
Dan. Schreber, professor of Physic, &c.' at Erlang, editor 
of Linnaeus’s “ Genera Plantarum,” and author of many 
works in botany], in Botany, a genus of the class diandria, 
order monogynia.—Generic Character. Calyx inferior, tu¬ 
bular, somewhat two-lipped, with the lips nearly equal, 
emarginate; often two lateral toothlets, one on each side, in 
the divisions of the lips. Corolla one-petalled, salver-form ; 
tube cylindric, three times longer than the calyx; border 
spreading, divided into five, six, or seven wedge-formed trun¬ 
cate segments. Stamina: filaments two, short, inserted be¬ 
low the middle of the tube. Anthers oblong, hid within 
the tube of the corolla. Pistil: germ superior, oval. Style 
a little longer than the tube. Stigma bifid. Pericarp: cap¬ 
sule pear-shaped, scabrous, two-celled, two-valved. Seeds 
four in each cell, irregularly oval, compressed, with a long 
membranaceous wing .—Essential Character. Calyx two¬ 
lipped. Corolla from five to seven-cleft. Capsule pear- 
shaped, two-celled, two-valved. Seeds from eight to ten, 
membranaceous-winged. 
Schrebera swietenioides.—Trunk erect, with a scabrous 
bark. Branches numerous, spreading in every direction, so 
as to form a large beautiful shady head. Leaves nearly 
opposite, on round smooth petioles; pinnate with an odd 
leaflet, about a foot long. Leaflets three or four pairs, 
opposite, on short pedicles; the lowest largest, and obliquely 
ovate, whilst those towards the apex become more lanceo¬ 
late: all are entire, pointed, smooth on both sides, and three 
or four inches long. Panicles terminating, thin, trichoto- 
mous. Bractes small, falling. Flowers white and brown, 
variegated, very fragrant during the night. Capsule large, 
the size of a pullet’s egg. 
It is a large timber tree, a native of valleys in the moun¬ 
tainous parts of the Rajahmundry Circar; flowering about 
the beginning of the hot season. The wood is of a grey 
colour, very close-grained, heavy and durable. It is reck¬ 
oned less subject to crack and warp than any other; on 
which account it is employed by weavers in many parts of 
their looms, particularly for the beam: it serves, also, for a 
great variety of other uses; and probably would answer well 
for scales to mathematical instruments. Though not so 
handsome as box, it is less subject to warp. 
SCHRECKENBERG, a mountain of Germany, in Sax¬ 
ony, near Annaberg, with rich silver mines. 
SCHRECKHORN, a very lofty mountain in the south¬ 
west of Switzerland, in the canton of Bern, near the valley 
of Grindelwald. It rises to the stupendous height of 13,812 
feet, and its top is consequently far above the limits of per¬ 
petual snow. The elevated valleys between it and the 
neighbouring mountains are covered by glaciers, forming 
part of an immense sea of ice, which occupies one of the 
sides of the Schreckhorn, and runs up almost to its summit. 
The Aar rises near the base of this mountain. Lat. 46. 31. 
42. N. long. 8. 8. 26. E. 
SCHREIBENDORF, a large village of Prussian Silesia; 
4 miles west of Landshut, and 51 west-south-west of Breslau. 
Population 1000. 
SCHREIBERSHAU, a large village of Prussian Silesia; 
65 miles west-by-south of Breslau. Population 2000. 
SCHREIGHT, 
