S C II 
791 
sen 
of Germany, ducliy of Nassau; 8 miles north-west of 
Idstein. 
SCHWALBEA [so named by Linnaeus, from Schwalbe, 
a physician], in Botany, a genus of the class didynamia, 
order angiospermia, natural order of personatse, scrophu- 
lariae (Juss.) —Generic Character. Calyx: perianth one- 
leafed, tubular-ventricose, striated; mouth four-cleft, oblique; 
upper segment very short; lateral ones longer; lowest still 
longer, wider, emarginate. Corolla one-petalled, ringent; 
tube length of the calyx; border erect; upper lip erect, con¬ 
cave, quite entire; lower lip of the same length, trifid, blunt, 
the little segments equal. Stamina : filaments four, fili¬ 
form, length of the corolla, of which two are a little shorter. 
Anthers incumbent. Pistil: germ roundish. Style in the 
same situation and of the same form and length with the 
stamens. Stigma thickish, recurved. Pericarp: capsule 
ovate, compressed, two-celled, two-valved; partitions folded. 
Seeds very many, chaffy, lanceolate, small.— Essential 
Character. Calyx four-cleft; the upper lobe very small; 
the lowest very large and emarginate. 
Sclnvalbea Americana.—Stem quite simple, four-cornered, 
pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, pubescent. Flowers alter¬ 
nate, sessile. Calyx pubescent. Corolla dark-red, inclining. 
Seeds numerous.—Native of North America. 
SCHWALITZ, a village in the north of Bohemia, in the 
circle of Bunzlau, near Niemes, with extensive iron mines. 
SCHWALM, a river in the west of Germany, which 
rises on the Vogelsberg, in the grand duchy of Hesse, and 
joins the Edder. 
SCH WAN, a small town in' the north of Germany, in 
the grand duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on the Nebel; 
10 miles south-by-west of Rostock, and 10 north-by-west of 
Gustrow. 
SCHWAND, or Schwandt, a small town of the Bava¬ 
rian states; 10 miles south of Nuremberg. 
SCHWANDEN, a town of Switzerland, in the canton of 
Glaris, situated at the confluence of the Linth and the .Seruf 
It is a well built and pleasantly situated place, with 4000 
inhabitants. It has manufactures, which, for its size, are 
considerable, and it is the place where the Protestants of the 
canton hold their annual assembly; 5 miles south of 
Glaris. • 
SCHWANDORF, a village of Germany, in Bavarian 
Franconia, situated on the Nab, in a fertile valley. Popu¬ 
lation 1000; 21 miles north of Ratisbon. 
SCHWANDORF, a small town of the west of Germany, 
in Wirtemberg ; 7 miles east of Tuttlingen. 
SCHWANEBECK, a small town of Prussian Saxony, 
in the principality of Halberstadt, with 1700 inhabitants; 
10 miles north of Quedlinburg. 
SCHWANENSTADT, a small town of Upper Austria, 
near the river Ager, with 1500 inhabitants; 6.miles north- 
north-east of Vocklabruck, and 121 west of Vienna. 
SCHWANINGEN, a large village of Germany, in 
Bavarian Franconia, circle of the Retzat, principality of 
Anspach. 
SCHWANSEE, a village of the interior of Germany, 
belonging to Saxe-Weimar. It derived its name from a lake 
which has been drained and laid out in com fields and 
pastures-; 5 miles east of Erfurt. 
SCHWANSFELD, Guos, a market town 'of East 
Prussia; 40 miles south-south-east of Konigsberg. 
SCHWANZEN, a peninsula of Denmark, in the duchy 
of Sleswick, lying between the Schley and the Eckernford, 
two inlets of the Baltic. It has an extent of 90 square miles 
and 6000 inhabitants. 
SCHWARTZ (Berthold), a native of Friburg, in Ger¬ 
many, and a monk by profession, lived in the thirteenth 
century. Being attached to the study of chemistry, an 
accident revealed to him the composition of that mixture of 
nitre with sulphur and charcoal, which forms gunpowder; 
which see. The invention was very soon perfected, and its 
use in the art of destruction so quickly suggested itself, that 
the Venetians, the French, and the English, made use of it 
in the art of war very early in the 14th century. 
SCHWARTZBURG, a district in the interior of Ger¬ 
many, divided into two parts, each bearing the name of the 
county. One of these divisions adjoins Saxe-Gotha, the 
other, considerably farther to the south, is near the Russian 
province of Erfurt. The extent of the whole is 1166 
square miles; the population about 100,000 partly Catho¬ 
lics, but in much greater proportion Lutherans. Both divi¬ 
sions are very hilly, though interspersed with fertile valleys, 
extending along the banks of the rivers. The land is 
adapted partly to tillage, more to pasturage. The forests are 
extensive, and contain mines of iron, alum, and cobalt; 
also quarries of marble, freestone, and slate. The manu¬ 
factures are very insignificant. The princes of Schwartzburg 
are of great antiquity, and are now divided into the two 
branches of Sondershausen and Rudolstadt, residing respec¬ 
tively at the towns of these names. Both are members of 
the Germanic body, under the constitution of 1815; and 
the territories of both are nearly equal in population and 
income. Each county has its cabinet, its treasury, and its 
distinct courts of justice. 
SCHWARTZENBERG, a small principality of Germany, 
in Franconia, in the dominions of Bavaria. Its area is 
somewhat less then 100 square miles; its population between 
12,000 and 13,000. The prevailing religion is Lutheran. 
The princes of Schwartzenberg are descended from one of 
the oldest families in Franconia, and owe their revenue and 
political power less to this principality than to their ex¬ 
tensive domains in Bohemia and other parts of Germany. 
The total population on their estates, or in towns in which 
they hold property, is computed at 130,000, The head of 
the house was made a prince of the empire in 1670, but 
mediatised in 1806. 
SCHWARZA, a river of the Austrian states, in Styria, 
which falls into the Muhr. 
SCHWARZA, a small river of Germany, which rises in 
the forest -of Thuringia, and falls into the Saale between 
Rudolstadt and Saalfeld. At its influx stands a large village 
of the same name. 
SCHWARZA, a river of the Austrian states, in Moravia, 
which rises on the borders of Bohemia; 8 miles west of 
Ingrowitz, -it passes by Brunn, and after receiving the Iglawa, 
joins the Theya, near Mischau. 
SCHWARZA, a small town of Prussian Saxony, with 
1000 inhabitants; 8 miles north-east of Meinungen. 
SOHWARZACH, a small river of Bavarian Franconia, 
which rises in a lake in the upper palatinate, passes by the 
village of Rasch, near Altdorf, crosses the territory of 
Nuremberg, and falls into the Regnitz below Neus, in the 
principality of Anspach. The Sulz, another small river, 
issues from the same lake, and flows southward till it joins 
in the Altmuhl, thus forming a natural communication be¬ 
tween the German ocean and the Black Sea. 
SCHWARZACH, another river of Bavarian Franconia, 
which rises to the west of Neumarkt, flows southward, and 
falls into the Altmuhl; 6 miles south-west of Berngries. 
SCHWARZACH, another river of Bavaria, which rises 
near the confines of Bohemia, and flows westward till it 
joins the Nab ; 4 miles south of Nabburg. 
SCHWAR.ZAU, a small town of Lower Austria, situated 
among hills; 40 miles south-south-west of Vienna, with 
1100 inhabitants. 
SCI-IWARZENAU, a village of Germany, in Bavarian 
Franconia, on the Maine; 12 miles east of Wurzburg, where 
the archduke Charles obtained a victory over the French. 
This is called the battle of Wurzburg, and was fought on 
3d September, 1796. 
SCHWARZENBACH, a large village in the north of 
Switzerland, in': the canton of St. Gall, on the Thur; 14 
miles west of St. Gall. 
SCHWARZENBACH, a petty town of Germany, in 
Bavarian Franconia, on the Saale; 6 miles south of Hof. 
Population 1700. 
SCHWARZENBERG, Canals of, two canals of Bo¬ 
hemia, remarkable less for their size than for the skill dis¬ 
played in conducting them through a mountainous country. 
The 
