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Prussian Poland; 9 miles east-north-east of Fraustadt, and 
41 south-south-west of Posen. It has 1400 inhabitants. 
SCHWIEBUS, a small town of the Prussian province of 
Brandenburg, government of Frankfort-on-the-Oder. It 
contains 3000 inhabitants, and its principal branch of in¬ 
dustry is the manufacture of woollens; 36 miles east of 
Frankfort-on-the-Oder, and 104 north-north-west of Breslau. 
SCHWIEHAU, a small town in the south-west of Bohe¬ 
mia, on the river Bradlanka; 6 miles north of Klattau, and 
64 south-west of Prague. Population 1000 
SCHWIELOUCH SEE, a small lake of Prussia, in 
Lower Lusatia, traversed by the river Spree. It is only 
four miles long, and two broad. 
SCHWIERTE. See Schwerte. 
SCHWINDRATZHEIM, a village of France, in the 
department of the Lower Rhine, with 900 inhabitants. 
SCHWINGE, a river of Hanover, in the duchy of Bre¬ 
men, which falls into the Elbe near Stade. It is also joined 
to the Elbe by a canal. 
SCHYNDEL, a very large village of the Netherlands, in 
North Brabant, containing 3100 inhabitants. 
SCIACCA, or Xacca, a considerable sea-port on the 
south-west coast of Sicily, in the Yal di Mazzara, called 
anciently Therrnce Selinuntice, from the warm baths in the 
vicinity. They are on the east side of the town, and are 
strongly impregnated with sulphur. It is situated at the 
foot of a mountain called St. Calagere, and has a good 
appearance from a distance, but is found on entering it to be 
wretchedly built. It is still surrounded by a wall. It con¬ 
tains 12,000 inhabitants, and is one of the towns which 
contain large subterranean granaries, under the direction of 
government, for warehousing corn for export. The great 
coast road leading from Mazzara on the west, to Girgenti, 
the ancient Agrigentum, on the east, passes through Sciacca. 
Agathocles, the well known, tyrant of Syracuse, was a 
native of this place; 27 miles south of Mazzara, and 41 
south-south-west of Palermo. Lat. 37. 34. N. long. 12. 53. E. 
SCIADEPHORI [ovaa&ijr/jopoi, formed of cKiaheia, an 
umbrella, and tpeya, I carry], among the Athenians, an 
appellation given to the stranger women residing in Athens, 
because they were obliged, at the festival Panathenaea, to 
carry umbrellas to defend the free women from the weather. 
SCI/ENA [from the word enact, Gr. a shadow. The 
fish having this name from its being of a dusky or shadowy 
colour], in Ichthyology, a genus of fishes of the order 
Thoracici, of which the Generic Character is as follows:—the 
head is covered with scales; the scales are strongly fixed ; 
the gill • membrane with about six rays; the covers are 
scaly; it has two dorsal fins, frequently concealed in a lon¬ 
gitudinal cavity. In Gmelin’s edition of Linnaeus, 29 
species are described. The fishes of this tribe have their 
scales very minute, smooth, and towards the back and belly 
they are raised and loose; the jaws are of unequal length, 
furnished with a great number of sharp and incurvated teeth, 
covered with two thick lips; a single dorsal and anal fin, 
with a loose appendage beyond the rays; the ventral fins are 
placed on the thorax, a little behind the pectoral, and sharp¬ 
ened at the point. Many of the fishes belonging to this 
genus are black, and have obtained from the old naturalists 
the names of sea-crows, ravens, and umbres. 
1. Sciaena cappa.—Sides of the head with a double row of 
scales.—It is an inhabitant of the Mediterranean. 
2. Sciaena lipisma.—In this the dorsal fin is concealed 
between two scaly leaves. 
3. Sciaena unimaculata.-—This has a brown spot on the 
middle of each side. 
4. Sciaena umbra, or sea-crow.—The body of this species 
is varied with black ; the ventral fins are very entire. It is 
found in the Mediterranean and European seas. In shape it 
resembles a perch; the ventral and anal fins are as black as if 
dyed with ink; the back is variegated with undulating lines 
of dark brown and blue; the snout is sharp; the mouth capa¬ 
cious, and instead of teeth, it is roughened with small aspe¬ 
rities; around the rostrum there are various small apertures ; 
those of the nostrils wide and placed near the eyes. On the 
JE N A. 
back are two fins so closely adjoining, that they appear single 
and contiguous.—It is a native of the Mediterranean, and is 
sold in great quantities in the markets of Rome, where it is 
called ombrino. 
5. Scisena cirrosa.-—The upper jaw is the longer of the 
two, and the lower one has a cirrus.—It inhabits the Eu¬ 
ropean and American seas, and is about a foot long. The 
body is yellowish; beneath it is somewhat silvery, with ob¬ 
lique blackish stripes ; the tail is semilunar. 
6. Scisena hamrur.—This species is red, with a coppery 
gloss; the fins are more dusky ; the mouth is subvertical; 
the scales are membranaceous at the edges.—It is found in 
Arabia; the body is oblong, and the scales are small. 
7. Scisena vulviflamma.—This is yellowish, with longi¬ 
tudinal golden stripes; the sides are marked with a black 
spot; the dorsal fins convex. 
8. Scisena kasmira.—This is a yellowish fish, with four 
large stripes on each side. It is an Arabian fish, as are almost 
all the others. 
9. Sciaena bohar.—Reddish, with whitish lines and clouds. 
The body is oblong, coated with smooth scales; it is of a 
doubtful genus; when alive, it has two large spots on the 
back, which disappear when the fish is dead. 
10. Sciaena gibba.—Reddish, dotted with white; the back 
is gibbous; the body is oval; the scales are red, tipt with 
white. The upper and middle teeth are contiguous; the 
canine are distant, and twice as large as the others; the 
dorsal and anal fins are rectangular behind. 
11. Sciaena nigra.—The body of this is black; the belly 
is of a whitish-brown. The scales are very entire. 
12. Scisena argentata.—Scales above are blackish, with 
silvery edges and tips; beneath pale rufous, with pale 
edges; it resembles the Sciaena bohar. The head is curved, 
with a blue patch running under the eye towards the mouth. 
13. Sciaena rubra.—This is of a dusky red, beneath white, 
with eight longitudinal reddish-white stripes on each side, 
growing dusky towards the back. Its scales are a little 
spinous. 
14. Sciaena murdjan.—Lipsretuse; body with a metallic 
splendour; beneath it is paler. The body is of an oblong 
oval; the scales are broad and toothed. 
15. Sciaena sammara.—The back of this species is red, 
with a brassy gloss; the sides are silvery, with ten darker 
stripes on each side; the lateral scales with a whitish spot 
surrounded with black. It is not more than two inches long, 
and beneath it is silvery. 
16. Sciaena spinifera.—This fish is red; the dorsal fins 
are connected ; the head is spinous; the anterior gill-covers 
have a very long spine. It is about a foot long; behind 
the eyes, on each side, and at the base of the pectoral fins, a 
dusky spot; the scales are broad and indented. In the crown 
are two fasciculi of elevated lines behind the eves; before 
the eyes is a long, deep, unequal cavity; the eyes are sur¬ 
rounded with a spinous bony ring; the iris is red. 
17. Scisena ghanam.—Whitish; sides with a double white 
stripe. The gill-covers are spinous. Parallel with the back 
is a lateral line, with a white stripe on each side; there is 
another stripe, composed of dusky quincuncal spots, ex¬ 
tending from the crown to the end of the dorsal fin. 
18. Scisena jarbua.—This species is of a silvery hue, 
with two curved stripes on each side, meeting on the 
back, and forming a ring ; the spot on the middle of the 
back, and two bands on the front, black. Underthe stripe, 
on each side, is a brown line, and beneath this is a yellowish 
one. 
19. Sciaena stridens.—This is silvery-blue, with from three 
to five brown longitudinal lines on each side. It is about four 
inches long, feeds on herbs, and when first taken out of the 
water utters a low shriek. 
20. Sciaena gaterina.—Blueish-yellow, speckled with black, 
and a few larger spots. There is a variety of this species 
which has on its body four brown stripes on each side; the 
fins are yellow. 
21. Sciaena argentea.—Silvery, above speckled with black; 
the scales of this species are ciliate. 
22. Sciaena 
