800 
S C 1 
S C I 
ing it, both for amusement, and from believing that it whitens 
the teeth, and sweetens the breath. The turpentine of 
Scio is also considered of very superior quality. The chief 
trade consists in the export of manufactured damask, and 
other silks, to carry on which they import a large quantity 
of raw silk. Their wine was celebrated in antiquity; but 
though they make it still good, and in considerable quantity, 
it is not sufficient for their own consumption; so that they 
import wine from Ipsara and Mycone. They export a great 
quantity of lemons and oranges. The revenue while under 
the Turks was from the customs, from a poll tax of six to ten 
dollars a-head, and from a small rent paid for lands. The 
population of Scio, through the industry of its inhabitants was 
then considerable in proportion to its extent. Pocock reckon¬ 
ed it at 100,000, Olivier at 110,000, and Turner at 150,000. 
Of these, according to the latter, there were not more than 
400 Turks. The natives enjoyed some privileges, partly in 
consequence of having become the property of the Sultana 
mother. The absence of the Turks gave a freedom to their 
manners, unknown in other oriental districts. In the towns 
and villages, seats are placed in the streets, where the inha¬ 
bitants of both sexes sit and converse for a great part of the 
day; and in the evening, dances are carried on in the public 
squares. They do not, however, visit each other much at 
their own houses. The females deform themselves by a 
singular article of dress, which was remarked three centuries 
ago by Pietro della Valle, consisting of a thick quilted 
cushion, wrapped round the body. The number of towns 
and villages in the island amounts to about fifty. For the 
historical events in this country, see Turkey. 
SCIO, a city, capital of the island of the same name, si¬ 
tuated in a shallow bay on its eastern coast. There is 
a good road for the largest shipping, and a mole, which 
forms a tolerable harbour, into which vessels can enter when 
they are unloaded. The castle is a large Venetian fort, 
which has been used as a place of confinement for state 
prisoners from Constantinople, but is now in a state of ruin. 
To the east of the present city is the Palaio castro, or the 
old town, chiefly inhabited by the lower rank of people. 
The town is built of stone and brick, and though the streets 
are narrow, contains many handsome houses, and is cleaner 
than is usual in this country. The population is stated by 
Mr. Turner at 35,000. Lat. 38- 23. 27. N. long. 25. 
54. E. 
SCIOHAIR, a village of Asiatic Turkey, in the govern¬ 
ment of Sivas ; 60 miles south-south-west of Sivas. 
SCI'OLISM, s. [,sciolus , Lat.] Superficial knowledge; 
not sound knowledge.—The beautiful description here given 
of the state of Europe before the French Revolution, and all 
that follows, is calculated to Taise, in every one who peruses 
it, a spirit equal to the difficulties of the time. Here are 
painted the mischiefs of the multiplication of political 
sciolists, and the progress of political sciolism; the decay of 
profound knowledge; the perversion of what we retain ; and 
the decline of religion. Brit „ Crit. 
SCI'OLIST, s. [sciolus , Lat. Dr. Johnson. —We may 
suppose sciolist to have been introduced into our language 
in the earlier part of the 17th century. Cockeram notices it 
in his vocabulary. But, in 1622, the Latin form was used: 
“ For Hippias, that vain-glorious sciolus, how great his 
knowledge was, there is no man ever testified but only he 
himself.” Fotherby, Atheom. p. 190.] One who knows 
many things superficially.—These passages were enough to 
humble the presumption of our modern sciolists, if their 
pride were not as great as their ignorance. Temple. 
SCI'OLOUS, adj. [sciolus, Lat.] Superficially or im¬ 
perfectly knowing. Not used. —I could wish these sciolous 
zelotists had more judgment joined with their zeal. Howell. 
SCIO'MACHY, s. [sclfiamackie, Fr., reia and gayy, 
Gr.] Battle with a shadow. This should be written sci- 
amachy. —To avoid this sciomachy, or imaginary combat 
of words, let me know, Sir, what you mean by the name of 
tyrant ? Cowley. 
SCI'ON, s. [scion, Fr.] A small twig taken from one 
tree to be engrafted into another. 
Sweet maid, we marry 
A gentle scion to the wildest stock.; 
And make conceive a bark of baser kind, 
By bud of nobler race. Shakspcare. 
SCIOPODiE, the name given by Pliny, and other of the 
old writers, to a nation of people which they place in 
./Ethiopia, on the burning sands; and who, they say, when 
too hot, lie down upon their bellies, and shadow themselves 
from the sun by lifting up their feet, which are very large 
and broad, against it. These are some of the gentes mira- 
hilis figurce of Pliny, and are worthy to stand among the 
monocoli, and other such monsters. 
SCIOPTIC BALL, or Ox-Eye, as it is sometimes called, 
a sphere or globe of wood, with a circular hole or perfora¬ 
tion, in which a lens is placed. It is so fitted, that, like the 
eye of an animal, it may be turned round every way, to be 
used in making experiments in a darkened room. 
SCIORUM, a mountain of Arabia, which forms the 
southern boundary of Ommon, towards the sea. 
SCIOTO, a county of the United States, situated on both 
sides of the river of the same name. It has the Ohio river 
south, Gallia east, Ross and Pike north, and Adams west. 
It is watered by the Scioto and Ohio rivers. Little Scioto 
river, Turkey, Pine, Stout’s, Twin’s, and Scioto creeks. 
The bottoms of the Ohio and Scioto, in this county, are 
wide, and of the first quality. The hills near the Ohio are 
covered with white oak and hickory, and generally of a 
third quality, but suitable to pasturage and wheat. Many 
unseated bottom tracks could be purchased for six, eight or 
ten dollars, at a bargain. Turkey and Pine creeks abound, 
with fine sites for mills, which are but partially improved. 
Population 3599. Portsmouth is the chief town. 
SCIOTO, a township of the United States, in Ross county, 
Ohio. Population 840. 
SCIOTO, a river of the United States, which rises in the 
state of Ohio, near the sources of the Sandusky. Its course 
is east-by-south; and it passes by Columbus, Cocleville, 
and Chillicothe, and runs into the Ohio, at Portsmouth, in 
Lat. 38. 34. N.; 352 miles below Pittsburg. It is navigable 
for large keel boats to Columbus, about 200 miles from its 
mouth, and for canoes almost to its head. There is a con¬ 
venient portage between it and Sandusky, of four miles. 
Towards the source of the river, the country is marshy; 
in the middle level, though not absolutely flat, with much 
fertile soil; and towards the Ohio it becomes very hilly and 
broken. 
SCIOTO, Little, a river of the United States in the 
state of Ohio, which flows into the Ohio; 20 miles below 
the Scioto. 
SCIOTO SALT SPRINGS, a post village of the United 
States, in Ross county, Ohio. 
SCIPIO (Publius Cornelius), surnamed Africanus, one 
of the most illustrious characters of the Roman republic, was 
the son of Publius Cornelius Scipio, an eminent commander, 
who, with his brother Cneius, lost his life in Spain during the 
second Punic war. This same Publius was consul, and 
commanded at the battle on the Ticinus, in the year 218, 
B. C., in which he was defeated by Hannibal, and would 
have been killed, had he not been rescued by his son, the ( 
subject of this article, who was then a youth of seventeen 
only. This young man fulfilled the promise of his early 
years by his conduct after the battle of Cannae, when, being 
informed that certain persons of high consequence in the 
state had adopted the design of abandoning their country, 
he repaired with some followers to the place where they were 
assembled, and compelled them, by the threat of instant 
death, to take an oath of never abandoning the republic. 
He was appointed to the edileship, through the favour of the 
people, at the age of 21, which was some years before the - 
usual age for that high office. In his 24th year he was 
appointed pro-consul, for the sake of endeavouring to re-' 
trieve the affairs that were in an unprosperous state in Spain. 
The high character which he had already obtained, lie is 
said to have rendered still more the subject of admiration by 
practices, 
