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covering them with her flying membrane, leaving her nest 
only at the approach of evening, and carefully concealing 
the young with the moss of the nest. The young begin to 
acquire their fur when about six days old, but they continue 
blind for the space of about thirteen days. These animals 
bear confinement with great difficulty, and for want of the 
proper food are rarely preserved any great length of time. In 
their manner of sitting and feeding, as well as in the action of 
washing their face with their paws, they resemble the com¬ 
mon squirrel. Their voice resembles that of the mouse. The 
fur of this species, though soft and beautiful, is not much 
esteemed, on account of the slightness of the skin, and its 
want of durability. 
34. Sciurus sagitta, or Javan flying squirrel.—The body 
of this is rusty brown above, beneath it is paler; the tail is 
much flattened and truncate.—It is found chiefly in Java. 
35. Sciurus petaurista.—The body in this species is of 
a deep chestnut, beneath it is pale rusty ; or above black, 
beneath hoary; the tail is longer than the body, very 
hairy, round, blackish, rusty in the middle.—It inhabits 
the islands in the Indian ocean, and is about eighteen 
inches long. The head is rounded ; whiskers and claws 
black; it has six pectoral and abdominal teats; the pupils, 
like those of the cat, are long and narrow, and adapted to 
climbing animals. 
36. Sciurus Australis, or southern flying squirrel.—It in¬ 
habits New South Wales, and it is the largest and most elegant 
of the tribe. 
37. Sciurus Norfolcensis.—Body above dark grey, beneath 
white, a dusky black dorsal line from the nose to the tail; 
the ears are short, tail long and bushy.—It inhabits Norfolk 
island, and is nine or ten inches long. 
SCKOHLEM, a small town of Prussian Saxony, in 
Thuringia; 6 miles south of Naumburg. 
SCLAVO CHORIO, a pleasant village of the Morea, in 
Laconia, with a grove of olives, supposed to be the ancient 
Amyclse. It contains several remains of antiquity. 
SCLAVONIA, a province in the south of the Austrian 
empire, which, in official documents, still bears the title of 
Kingdom of Sclavonia. Its shape is long and narrow, the 
Drave and Danube running along its northern frontier, and 
separating it from Hungary; while the Save, also a great 
river, extends along its southern confines, dividing it from 
Turkey. Its area is about 6600 square miles; its population 
about 530,000. It lies between the 45th and 46th degrees of 
north latitude; and being a frontier province, its inhabitants 
are exempt from taxes, but subject to military duty ; 
Sclavonia containing the regimental district of Peter- 
waradein, Brod, and Gradisca. 
Face of the Country. —Sclavonia is divided throughout 
almost its whole length, by a chain of lofty mountains, ex¬ 
tending from east to west, and covered with forests. The 
rest of the country consists of fine plains, with a fertile soil, 
and a climate almost as mild as that of Italy. Considerable 
unhealthiness, however, is caused by the rivers frequently 
overflowing their banks, and leaving a quantity of stagnant, 
water. 
Products. —The mountainous tracks of Sclavonia are 
barren in dry years, and in the low grounds there are many 
districts too marshy for cultivation; but the greatest part of 
the country is well adapted to tillage, producing wheat, 
barley, maize, flax, hemp, and madder, The fruits are 
chesnuts, plumbs, and vines; also figs, almonds, and other 
products of a warm climate. The forests contain the finest 
oak; and water conveyance only is wanted to render it a 
valuable article of export. The domestic animals, horses, 
cattle, and sheep, are numerous, but reared with little care; 
of hogs, vast numbers are reared in the woods. Of wild 
animals, the bear, the wolf, the fox, the polecat, and the 
vulture, are common, and productive of considerable an¬ 
noyance to the smaller domestic animals. Equal mischief 
is experienced from insects, which multiply surprisingly in 
the heats of summer, in consequence of the number of 
marshes. Gnats are exceedingly troublesome; and it some¬ 
times happens, that a continuance of southerly winds brings 
- - XXII. No. 1542. & 
SCI 
a swann of locusts from Turkey. The mineral treasures of 
Sclavonia have not yet been explored. At present, the only 
minerals known to exist in large quantities, are limestone, 
sulphur, coal, salt, and some ferruginous substances. 
Manners, Religion, and Education .—Sclavonia was in 
all ages an ill cultivated and backward country; but its 
progress towards civilisation would have been less slow, had 
its situation, in a political sense, been more fortunate. It 
was, however, the theatre of war, not only between the 
Romans and their barbarian assailants, but between the 
Turks and Hungarians; and having been overrun by the 
latter in the beginning of the 16th century, continued in 
their possession until 1698, when it was ceded to Austria. 
In that unfortunate interval, many of its inhabitants emi¬ 
grated. It has been in some measure improved since falling 
under the Austrian government; but the cottages are still 
little else than mud huts, or, in the forest tracks, wood 
covered with slate. The Sclavonians proper, or aborigines, 
do not now form the majority of the population, there being 
a number of settlers from Hungary and Germany. But no 
art of the population is characterised either by industry or 
y the degree of intelligence necessary to turn the natural 
advantages of the country to account. The peasantry keep 
cows only in sufficient number for their domestic consump¬ 
tion of milk and cheese; and their plough does little more 
than scratch the ground. The majority of the inhabitants 
are of the Greek church ; there are a good many Catholics, 
but no Lutherans, except German colonists. The higher 
clergy of the Greek and Catholic churches have large in¬ 
comes ; the inferior are immersed in poverty and ignorance. 
The schools are on a very imperfect footing, except in the 
military districts, where the influence of government has 
been more successful. 
Manufactures and Trade .—Manufactures are here in 
an almost primitive state, each peasant making for himself 
every article he requires, whether a cart, a plough, or other 
implements; while his wife and daughters weave the cloth 
and knit the stockings required in his family. The only 
manufacturing establishments are for making glass and 
potash. Government has improved several of the public 
roads; and there are exports of corn and tobacco; also of 
hides, wax, honey, and madder; all,-however, in trifling 
quantities. Among the imports are iron, salt, and oil. 
The transit trade is less insignificant, in consequence of 
the three great rivers (the Danube, the Drave, and the Save,) 
which communicate, directly or indirectly, with a large 
track of country. 
History .—Sclavonia formed under the Romans a part of 
the ancient Illyria, and derived its present name from a 
tribe of Sclavi or Slavi, who settled here in the 6th century. 
At a subsequent date, the Venetians having acquired pos¬ 
session of Dalmatia, extended their acquisitions to this 
country. It remained alternately subj ect to them and to 
the Hungarians, until overrun by the Turks, in whose pos¬ 
session it continued about 170 years. The Sclavonians form 
only a small part of the descendants of the Slavi, a nation 
whose language and habits are to be traced, not only 
throughout the Illyrian provinces, but in Hungary, Poland, 
the western part of Russia, and the east of Germany. It was 
in the 5 th and 6th centuries that the Greek and Roman 
writers first mentioned the name of Sclavi, a word evidently 
derived from Slowen or Slowjan, the name taken by this 
rude people. The Franks, in their military successes before 
and during the age of Charlemagne, often encountered Scla¬ 
vonic tribes, and carrying them into captivity, the name 
Sclave or Esclave, became synonymous with captive. The 
identity of origin may be traced in the present day by the cor¬ 
respondence of language throughout Poland, Hungary, 
Illyria, and part of Russia. The differences in point of har¬ 
mony and idiom are necessarily great among tribes so long 
distinct and so widely separated; but it is still practicable 
for a Russian, a Pole, and a Bosnian, to understand each 
other in a number of words. 
SCLAVO'NIAN, or Sclavo'nic, adj. Belonging to 
the Sclavonians. The language of this people. 
9 U The 
