SCO 
thick, striking deep. Stem almost naked, one-flowered, 
leaves broad-lanceolate, nerved flat.—Native of Europe. 
3. Scorzonera parviflora, or small-flowered viper’s-grass. 
—Stems branched, leaves linear-ensiform entire, ray of the 
corolla very short.—Native of Austria. 
4. Scorzonera Hispanica, garden viper’s-grass or Spanish 
scorzonera.—Stem branched, leaves embracing entire, serru¬ 
late. Root carrot-shaped •, about the thickness of a finger, 
and covered with a dark-brown skin ; it is white within, and 
has a milky juice.—Native of Spain, the South of France, 
Italy, Carniola, Siberia and the Levant. 
5. Scorzonera undulata, or wave-leaved viper’s-grass.— 
Leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated tomentose waved, stem 
somewhat branched. Root perennial.—Common in parched 
ground in the kingdom of Tunis. 
6. Scorzonera graminifolia, or grass-leaved viper’s-grass. 
—Leaves linear-ensiform, entire, keeled. Stalks slender, 
about two feet high, branching towards the top, and sus¬ 
taining pale-yellow flowers, smaller than in Hispanica and 
humilis. Root perennial, brown on the outside.—Native 
of Portugal, Italy and Siberia. 
7. Scorzonera purpurea, or purple-flowered viper’s-grass. 
—Leaves shorter than those of the preceding. Stalk taper, 
and branching at the top. Flowers pale purple.—Native 
of the March of Brandenburg, Austria, Carniola, Barbary 
and Siberia. 
8 . Scorzonera angustifolia, or narrow-leaved viper’s grass. 
—Leaves subulate entire, peduncles thickened, stem villose 
at the base. This grows a foot and a half high. The pe¬ 
duncle immediately under the flower is thicker than it is 
below, and the lower part of the stalk is hairy. The flower 
is yellow.—Native of the south of Europe and Siberia. 
9. Scorzonera hirsuta, or hairy viper's-grass.—Biennial.— 
Native of Apulia and Provence. 
10. Scorzonera resedifolia, or spreading viper’s-grass.— 
This is very like the laciniata, except that the stalks spread 
on the ground.—Native of Spain and the South of France. 
11. Scorzonera calcitrapifolia.—Lower leaves lyrate, with 
the segments oblong and mucronate, the upper pinnatifid. 
Stem upright, herbaceous, a foot high, the thickness of a 
goose quill, striated, somewhat branched : branches of 
the same structure with the stem, spreading. Peduncles 
terminating, solitary, three or four inches long, some¬ 
what grooved, one-flowered, having a small awl-shaped 
entire leaf at top.—Native of the kingdom of Tunis in 
Africa. 
12. Scorzonera laciniata, or cut-leaved viper’s-grass.— 
Leaves linear, toothed, acute, stem erect, scales of the calyxes 
from spreading mucronate. This rises with a smooth 
branching stalk two feet high, and has leaves like those of 
buck’s-horn plantain, but larger. Flowers yellow, upon 
long naked peduncles, at the end of the branches.—Native 
of Germany, Switzerland, Austria, the South of France, 
Italy and Spain. 
13. Scorzonera coronopifolia, or buck’s-horn-plantain- 
leaved viper’s-grass.—Leaves pinnatifid-laciniate pubescent, 
stem almost naked, simple, one-flowered. Root perennial, 
fusiform, in thickness from that of the little finger to the 
thumb.—Native of the mountains of Barbary. 
14. Scorzonera orientalis, or Levant viper’s-grass.— 
Leaves sinuate, toothletted acute, stems short, leafy, one or 
two-flowered. Leaves deeply toothed, almost like those of 
Dandelion.—Found in the East. 
15. Scorzonera taraxacifolia, or Dandelion-leaved vi¬ 
per’s-grass. — Leaves runcinate petioled, scap branched. 
The root of this is perennial, fusiform, and white, and 
scarcely the thickness of one’s little finger: peduncles elon¬ 
gated, one-flowered: flowers deep yellow.—Native of 
Bohemia. 
16. Scorzonera tingitana, or poppy-leaved viper’s-grass. 
—All the leaves runcinate and embracing. Stem upright, 
smooth, branched. It is an annual plant.—Native of Tan¬ 
gier on the Barbary coast; in clefts of rocks. 
17. Scorzonera dichotoma, or dichotomous viper’s-grass. 
* V ol. XXII. No. 1543. 
SCO 829 
—Root-leaves runcinate, stem branched, dichotomous 
almost leafless.—Found by Vahl in the kindom of Tunis. 
18. Scorzonera picroides, or various-leaved viper’s-grass. 
—Upper leaves embracing, quite entire, lower runcinate, 
peduncles scaly. It is an annual plant.—Native of the South 
of France, and of Barbary. 
19. Scorzonera pinnatifida.—Leaves pinnatifid half-em¬ 
bracing, panicle diffused terminating. Stem suffruticose, 
erect, three feet high. Flowers pale yellow, on sub-umbelled 
peduncles.—.Native of the continent of eastern Africa, near 
Mozambique. 
Propagation and Culture. —The first sort only is culti¬ 
vated for the use of its roots, the others are preserved in 
botanic gardens for variety, but are seldom admitted into 
other gardens. 
These plants may be propagated by sowing their seeds in 
the beginning of April, upon a spot of light fresh soil. The 
best method of sowing them is, to draw shallow furrows, by 
a line, about a foot asunder, into which you should scatter 
the seeds, covering them over about half an inch thick; 
and when the plants are come up, they should be thinned 
where they are too close in the rows, leaving them at least 
six inches asunder; and at the same time, you should hoe 
down all the weeds to destroy them; and this must be re¬ 
peated as often as is necessary; for if the weeds are permitted 
to grow among the plants, they will draw them up weak. 
SCOSTHORPE, a village of England, West Riding of 
Yorkshire; 6 miles south-east of Settle. 
SCOSTON, a village of England, in Nottinghamshire, on 
the Ryton, north-east of Worksop. 
SCOT, s. [escot, old Fr., skott, Icel. pceac, Sax. schat, 
Teut. See Shot.] Shot; payment. 
SCOT and Lot. Parish payments.—’Twas time to coun¬ 
terfeit, or that hot termagant Scot had paid me scot and lot 
too. Shakspeare. 
SCOT, s. [ Scotus , Lat. bcottaj-, Sax. Anciently, Ire¬ 
land was called Scotland, and its inhabitants Scots, pibepnia 
bcotta ealonb. Bedel] A native of Scotland.—The High¬ 
landers are the true Scots. Camden. 
SCOT-FREE, adj. [Sax. pcoc-ppeoh.] Untaxed; un¬ 
hurt.—This companion escaped not so scot-free as his fel¬ 
lows. World o f Wonders, 
SCOT, Cape, a cape on the north-west coast of 
Quadra and Vancouver’s Island. Lat 50. 48. N long 
231. 40. E. 
SCOT’S BAY, a bay on the south-west extremity of Do¬ 
minica ; 4 miles south of Charlotte Town. 
SCOT’S BAY, a bay of the North Pacific Ocean, on the 
west coast of America; 10 miles south of Queen Charlotte’s 
Sound. 
SCOT’S ISLANDS, a group of islands in the North 
Pacific Ocean, near the north-west coast of Quadra and Van¬ 
couver’s Island. Lat. 50. 57. N. long. 231. 2. E. 
SCOTAL, or Scotale, is used where any officer of a 
forest keeps an ale-house within the forest by colour of his 
office causing people to come to his house, and there spend 
their money, for fear of his displeasure. We find it men¬ 
tioned in the Charter of the Forest, cap. 8. e< Nullus 
forestarius faciat scotallas vel garbas colligat, vel aliquam 
collectam faciat, &c.” Manwood,216. 
The word is compounded of scot and ale, and by trans¬ 
position of the words, is otherwise called alescot. 
SCOTBY, a village of England, in Cumberland, adjoining 
Kirkbride, near Carlisle. 
To SCOTCH, v. a. [probably a corruption of the old Fr. 
eschorcher, to flay, or pluck off the skin ; or, as Roquefort 
gives the word, skorchir; Ital. scorzare, the same.] To 
cut with shallow incisions.—He was too hard for him 
directly: before Corioli, he scotcht and notcht him like a 
carbonado. Shakspeare. 
SCOTCH, s. A slight cut; a shallow incision.—Give 
him four scotches with a knife, and then put into his belly 
and these scotches sweet herbs. Walton. 
SCOTCH, Sco'tish, or Sco'ttish, adj. Relating to 
10 B Scotland; 
