854 SCOT 
The following Table shews the state of the foreign trade 
of Scotland:— 
Year ending 
5th Jan. 
Ships. 
Tons. 
Men. 
1816 
2775 
245,286 
17,554 
1821 
2940 
258,748 
18,885 
1823 
2789 
228,098 
16,926 
This Table includes the whole trade:— 
Year ending 
' 5th Jan. 
Inwards. 
Outwards. 
Men. 
Tons. 
Ships. 
Ships. 
Tons. 
Men. 
1824 
1825 
22,650 
26,595 
1,225,685 
1,436,066 
88,227 
100,861 
21,841 
25,153 
1,117,757 
1,376,221 
81,291 
100,097 
The following Table shews the number of vessels built and 
registered in Scotland during the last ten years:— 
Vessels. 
Tonnage. 
1816 
165 
16,227 
1817 
172 
15,608 
1818 
156 
14,824 
1819 
131 
13,923 
1820 
154 
16,228 
1821 
121 
14,004 
1822 
122 
9,457 
1823 
87 
6,162 
1824 
117 
12,967 
1825 
189 
12,840 
In the following Table will be seen the number of registered 
vessels belonging to Scotland:— 
Vessels. 
Tons. 
Men. 
1820 
3133 
288,770 
20,470 
1821 
3160 
289,535 
20,855 
1822 
3071 
276,931 
29,830 
1823 
2863 
259,444 
19,111 
In the year 1812, there belonged to Scotland 2708 ships, 
carrying 231,273 tons, navigated by 16,300 seamen. In 
the same year, the number of vessels that cleared outwards, 
and entered inwards, including their repeated voyages, was 
3151, carrying 278,968 tons outwards, and 3113, carrying 
269,559 tons inwards. 
The total value of imports to, and exports from, Scotland, 
for the year 1810, amounted for the former to 3,671,158/. 
sterling, and for the latter, to 4,740,239/. sterling; of which 
4,126,682/. sterling was British produce and manufactures. 
The gross revenue of Scotland for the year 1813, amounted 
to 4,843,299/. 12s. llr/., of which 639,132/. 5s. 2d. was 
charged for management, drawbacks, allowances, &c., so 
that the net revenue was 4,204,167/. 7 s. 9 d. sterling. 
For the year ending 5th Jan. 1825, the official value of 
the exports from Scotland was 5,899,431/., and that of the 
imports 4,349,990/., the excess of exports being 1,549,441/. 
The gross receipt of customs for the same year was 953,969/., 
the drawbacks, &c., 328,063/., and the real receipt 625,896/. 
The chief fisheries in which the Scotch are engaged, are, 
1st. What is called the white fishery, that is, haddock, ling, 
cod and flat-fish. 2. The herring fishery. 3, The whale 
fishery; and, 4- The salmon fishery. The first of these 
brings in about 400,000/. annually. Those who pursue this 
branch are denominated white fishers, and they inhabit the 
sea-ports, or reside in numerous villages along the whole 
coast of the kingdom. Their mode of fishing is by lines and 
nets, but principally by the former; and they carry on their 
business throughout the year. The fish they catch are daily 
sold to the inhabitants of the towns and of the country, 
either as caught or cured; and of late years, great quantities 
of cod have been salted for the London market. 
LAND., 
The eastern and western coasts of Scotland are frequented 
periodically by prodigious shoals of herrings, which pene¬ 
trate into the bays, lochs and arms of the sea. They are 
taken by nets, salted, and packed in barrels. When pre¬ 
pared in this manner, they are termed white herrings; but 
when smoaked and cured by a particular process, they are 
distinguished by the name of red herrings. 
To promote this important branch of industry, especially 
in the deep sea, a Board of Commissioners was established 
by act 48 Geo. III., to superintend and encourage the fish¬ 
ery. A tonnage bounty of 3/. per ton is allowed to all ves¬ 
sels of sixty tons and upwards, fitted out for the deep sea- 
fishery, besides 25. on every barrel of herrings properly 
cured and repacked; and by the act 52 Geo. III. c. 153, 
the bounty of 3/. per ton is extended to vessels of 45 tons 
burden. 
Notwithstanding the encouragement thus afforded to the 
deep-sea fishery, it is not likely to succeed on the system 
adopted. In 1809, only three vessels were fitted out; in 
1810 and 1811, seven vessels; and in 1812 ten; which 
caught in these several years 700!, 979|, 1588, and 2839! 
barrels of herrings. The bounties paid amounted to 5866/. 
for tonnage, which is 19s. Ad. per barrel. 
The coast fishery, however, presents different results. In 
the above four years, 505, 532, 594, and 923 vessels were 
fitted out, which caught and cured 89,476, 90,849, 109, 
931!, and 150,646! barrels; of which the bounty of 2s. 
was paid on 218,821 barrels of herrings. It must be ob¬ 
served, that the returns made to the Board do not include 
the whole quantity of herrings caught and cured. It com¬ 
prehends only the proceeds of those fisheries, which have 
complied with the regulations of the statute, and are under 
the cognizance of the officers of the Board. The account 
received from the excise, of the quantity of herrings caught 
and cured for the year ending in May 1812, amounted to 
190,006 barrels, for which salt, duty free, was used. From 
various local and other circumstances, it often happens that 
duty-free salt cannot always be obtained; and it is not es¬ 
timating the quantity too high, to calculate 10,000 barrels 
annually caught, and not returned to the officers of excise. 
The total quantity of herrings taken and cured for the year 
1812, may be reckoned at not less than 200,000 barrels, be¬ 
sides 50,000 barrels consumed in a fresh state; being in all 
250,000 barrels. 
It was formerly imagined, that the only herring fishery on 
the coast of Scotland worthy of attention, was in the west¬ 
ern lochs; but on the eastern coast of Caithness the herring 
fishery has proved highly successful; above 120,000 barrels 
have been caught in one year, (an. 1813,) and since that 
time it has undergone a progressive increase, as will appear 
by the following abstract:— 
Years ended 
5th April, 
Cured. 
Exported. 
1810 
90,185! 
35,348 
1811 
91,827£ 
38,133 
1812 
111,519! 
62,820 
1813 
153,48S| 
109,725! 
1814 
110,542! 
118,403! 
1815 
160,1391 
141,305! 
1816 
162,651! 
107,688 
1817 
192,343! 
138,628! 
1818 
227,991 
162,339| 
1819 
340,894 
227,162 
1820 
382,491! 
253,516 
1821 
442,195! 
294,805! 
1822 
316,524! 
214,956 
1823 
248,869 
170,445 
1824 
392,190f 
239,630! 
1825 
347,665± 
202,016| 
Along the eastern coast alone, the shore herring fishery 
produces about 300,000 barrels of salted herrings annually, 
besides those used when fresh. The following was the state 
of it in 1823:— 
Number 
