S C R 0 P H 
SCROON, a township of the United States, in Essex 
county, New York, west of Scroon lake. Population 689. 
SCROON, a lake of the United States, in the state of New 
York; 12 miles west of George lake, 8 miles long and 1 
broad. 
SCROON, a river of the United States, in New York, the 
north-east branch of the Hudson. It runs from Scroon lake 
into the Hudson, and has many falls. 
SCROPHULARIA [from its supposed use in the cure 
of the scrofula], in Botany, a genus of the class didynamia, 
order angiospermia, natural order of personal® scrophulariae 
(.Juss.J —Generic Character. Calyx: perianth one-leaved, 
five-cleft, permanent: segments shorter than the corolla, 
rounded. Corolla one-petalled, unequal: tube globular, 
larger, inflated: border five-parted, very small: segments, 
the two upper larger, erect; two lateral, spreading a little ; 
one lowest, bent back. Stamina: filaments four, linear, 
declining, length of the corolla; of which two are later. 
Anthers twin. Pistil: germ ovate. Style simple, situation 
and length of the stamens. Stigma simple. Pericarp: 
capsule roundish, acuminate, two-celled, two-valved; parti¬ 
tion folded, constructed of the margins of the valves bent in; 
opening at the top. Seeds very many, small. Receptacle 
roundish, insinuating itself into each cell. In the throat 
of the corolla under the upper segment of the border is 
found a small segment, resembling a little lip, which is not 
common to all the species. The corolla in this genus should 
be considered as resupine or turned upside down; the upper 
lip smaller, recurved, to which the stamens are bent down, 
rounded; the lateral segments crenate, rounded, equal to 
the upper one; lower lip larger, patulous, two-parted; 
the middle one very small in front The partition, when 
the capsule is ripe, has an oval hole through it.— Essential 
Character. Calyx five-cleft. Corolla subglobular, resu¬ 
pine. Capsule two-celled. 
1. Scrophularia Marilandica, or Maryland figwort.— 
Leaves cordate, serrate, acute, rounded at the base; stem 
obtuse, angular. Root perennial, fibrous. Flowers in 
bunches on the upper part of the stalk, like those of the next 
species, but of an herbaceous colour.—Native of North 
America. 
2. Scrophularia nodosa, or knobby-rooted figwort.— 
Leaves cordate, acute, three-nerved at the base. Root tu¬ 
berous, granulate. Stem three feet high, erect, acutely 
quadrangular, leafy. Raceme terminating, erect, with the 
peduncles opposite, dichotomous, having a pair of lanceo¬ 
late acuminate little bractes. Flowers dark blood red. 
Capsules ovate, acute.—Native of Europe, in woods and 
hedges: flowering in July. 
3. Scrophularia aquatica, or water figwort.—Leaves cor¬ 
date, petioled, decurrent, blunt. Root perennial, fibrous. 
Stem from three to five feet in height, upright, branched, 
winged at the comers; branches leafy, like the stem.—Na¬ 
tive of Europe, by the sides of rivers, ponds, and wet ditches: 
flowering from June to September. There is a variety of 
this with variegated leaves. 
4. Scrophularia auriculata, or ear-leaved figwort.—’This 
has the stature and appearance of Scrophularia nodosa..— 
Native of Spain, Italy and Algiers. 
5. Scrophularia laevigata, or smooth figwort.—Leaves 
cordate, obtusely tooth-gashed ; raceme terminating, com¬ 
pound, leafless. Stem upright, quite simple, a cubit high, 
four-cornered from four decurrent lines.—Native of Barbary, 
in the mountains near Zowan in Tunis. 
6. Scrophularia scorodonia, or balm-leaved figwort.— 
Leaves cordate, doubly serrate, tomentose beneath; raceme 
leafy. Stem four-cornered, hairy.—Native of Portugal, 
Italy, Tunis in Africa, Siberia and Britain. 
7. Scrophularia Altaica.—Leaves cordate, ovate, doubly 
tooth-serrate, teeth tending towards the base; raceme com¬ 
pound, leafless. Root consisting of thick fibres of about a 
finger's length.—Native of the Altaic mountains. 
8. Scrophularia glabrata, or spear-leaved figwort.—Leaves 
oblong-lanceolate, cordate, doubly serrate, smooth; panicles 
U L A R I A. 867 
racemed, terminating, trichotomous; stem suffruticose. This 
is a biennial plant.—Native of the Canary Islands. 
9. Scrophularia betonicifolia, or betony- leaved figwort.— 
Leaves cordate, oblong, toothed, teeth quite entire, those of 
the base deeper. Stem two feet high, erect, four-cornered, 
suh-pubescent, purplish at the base. Panicle terminating, 
somewhat leafy. Corollas of a dull purple colour, with a 
greenish lip. Anthers very yellow.—Native of Portugal. 
10. Scrophularia meridionalis.—Leaves oblong-ovate, 
serrate smooth; peduncles one-flowered. Stem quadrangu¬ 
lar, herbaceous, with opposite branches.—Found in New 
Granada. 
11. Scrophularia orientalis, or hemp-leaved figwort.— 
Leaves lanceolate, serrate petioled; stem-leaves in threes; 
branch-leaves opposite. Root perennial, creeping. The 
stalks rise two feet and a half high. At the upper part are 
compound bunches of small brown flowers, which appear 
in May; and are succeeded by small roundish capsules.— 
Native of the Levant. 
12. Scrophularia frutescens, or shrubby figwort.— 
Leaves somewhat fleshy, sessile, recurved at the end. Stem 
perennial, (or becoming woody,) four-cornered, acute- 
angled, brachiate below. Corollas small, very dark purple, 
with the lateral segments white, and the lowest segment very 
small.—Native of Portugal. 
13. Scrophularia vernalis, or yellow figwort.—Leaves 
cordate, doubly serrate, pubescent; peduncles axillary, soli¬ 
tary, dichotomous, having small leaves on them. Root 
fibrous, biennial.—Native of Italy, the South of France, 
Switzerland, Austria, Denmark, England and Wales. 
14. Scrophularia arguta, or slender upright figwort.--? 
This differs from the preceding in having the stem and leaves 
smooth, with the flowers smaller and red.—It was found in 
the islands of Madeira and Teneriffe. 
15. Scrophularia trifoliata, or three-leaved figwort.— 
Leaves smooth, lower ternate-pinnate, obtuSe, upper simple; 
peduncles subtriflorous, axillary. Stem simple or sparingly 
blanched, erect, smooth, four-cornered, striated. Flowers 
pedicelled, in racemelets,—- Native of Corsica and Africa, on 
the borders of fields, and on the sea-coast. 
16. Scrophularia sambucifolia, or elder-leaved figwort. 
—Leaves interruptedly pinnate, cordate, unequal; raceme 
terminating; peduncles axillary in pairs dichotomous. 
Flowers large, purple with the lower lip greenish.—Native 
of Portugal and Spain. 
17. Scrophularia canina, or cut-leaved figwort.—Leaves 
pinnatifid; raceme terminating, naked; peduncles bifid. 
Root annual. Flowers in panicles. Corolla small, deep 
purple.—Native of the South of Europe, and of Barbary. 
18. Scrophularia mellifera, or Barbary figwort.—Smooth; 
lower leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate, tooth-serrate ; flowers 
axillary; bottom of the corolla nectariferous. Stem herba-' 
ceous, erect, from two to three feet in height.—Native of 
Barbary. 
19. Scrophularia lucida, or shining-leaved figwort.— 
Lower leaves bipinnate, somewhat fleshy, very smooth ; ra¬ 
cemes two-parted. Stem round, straight, green. Corollas 
pale, the upper lip red.—Native of the Levant, the county of 
Nice and Barbary. 
20. Scrophularia coccinea, or scarlet-flowered figwort.— 
Leaves in fours, ovate; flowers whorled, spiked. Root bien¬ 
nial. Stalk two feet high.—Found at La Vera Cruz in New 
Spain. 
21. Scrophularia peregrina, or nettle-leaved figwort.—■ 
Leaves cordate, marked with lines, shining; peduncles ax¬ 
illary, two-flowered; stem hexangular.—Native of Italy. 
22. Scrophularia hispida.—Stem four-cornered, erect, 
hispid; leaves pinnate, doubly-crenate, terminating; lobe cor¬ 
date, very large; raceme compound, leafless.—Native of 
Mount Atlas near Tlemsen, in the clefts of the rocks. 
Propagation and Culture .—These plants are propagated 
by seeds sown in autumn soon after they are ripe ; the plants 
come up the spring following. These seeds may be most 
of them sown in the place where the plants are to remain, for 1 
the 
