372 R O 
mine the species, or to ascertain what is a species and what 
a variety. Scopoli, Gerard, and others, regard all the Euro¬ 
pean species as varieties from one source. Haller, on the 
contrary, thought he perceived sufficient marks of distinc¬ 
tion, accompanied with no more obscurity than in other large 
genera. Linnaeus remarks, that the species of roses are not 
without great difficulty circumscribed within any certain 
limits, and perhaps that there are no such limits set by 
nature. 
It is scarcely necessary to add that the rose has been a 
favourite flower, in all ages, among all the polished people 
both of Asia and Europe. Some species are found in Africa, 
and others in North America. We are not acquainted with 
the native country of some double roses, and they are pro¬ 
bably creatures of art and cultivation. The first species is 
the only one which has single leaves. 
I. With sub-globular fruits. 
1. Rosaberberifolia, or single-leaved rose.—Fruits globular, 
with the peduncles prickly, stem with prickles usually in 
pairs, hooked, leaves simple subsessile.—Native of Persia. 
2. Rosalutea. The single yellow rose, and the Austrian rose. 
Fruits globular, with the peduncles smooth, calyxes and 
petioles spinulose, prickles of the branches straight'. 
The Austrian rose has the stalks, branches and leaves like 
those of the single yellow rose, but the leaves are rounder. 
The flowers are also larger; the petals have deep indentures 
at their points; are of a pale yellow on the outside, and of 
a reddish copper-colour, orange-scarlet, or Barre colour 
within ; are single ; have no scent, or a disagreeable one; 
and soon fall away. It has sometimes flowers entirely yellow 
on one branch, and copper-coloured on another. 
Ray says that the flowers smell like honey; Miller that 
they smell more like bugs: but that the scent varies much. 
3. Rosa sulphuria, or double yellow rose.—Fruits globu¬ 
lar, petioles and stem prickly, prickles of the stem of two 
sorts, larger wdth numerous smaller ones, leaves oval. 
This flower, says Parkinson, is so thick and double, that 
very often it breaketh out on one side or another, but a few 
of them abiding whole and fair in our country: being fair 
blown open, it doth scarce give place for largeness, thick¬ 
ness and doubleness, unto the great Provence or Holland 
rose. 
4. Rosa blanda, or Hudson’s-bay rose.—Fruits globular, 
smooth; the stems, when adult, and the peduncles even and 
unarmed. 
5. Rosa cinnamomea, or cinnamon rose.—Fruits globular, 
with the peduncles smooth, stem with stipular prickles, 
petioles mostly unarmed. 
The cinnamon rose rises about four feet high. The 
branches are covered with a purplish smooth bark, and have 
no spines, except at the joints immediately under the leaves, 
where they are commonly placed by pairs; they are short 
and crooked. Leaflets seven, ovate, serrate, hairy on their 
under side. Leaves of the calyx narrow and entire. Flower 
small, with a scent like cinnamon, whence its name. 
6. Rosa arvensis, or white dog rose.— Fruits globular, 
with the peduncles unarmed, prickles of the stem and petioles 
hooked, flowers subcymed. 
7. Rosa pimpinellifolia, or small burnet-leaved rose.— 
Fruits globular, with the peduncle smooth, prickles on the 
stem scattered, straight, petioles rugged, leaflets blunt. 
This Siberian shrub is very elegant, a foot and a half or at 
most two feet in height; the trunk thorny all over, the thick¬ 
ness of the little finger, very much branched, the branches 
collected into an ovate form.-—Native of the south of Europe 
as well as Asia. It flowers here in May and June. 
8. Rosa spinosissima, or Scotch rose.—Fruits globular, 
smooth, peduncles smooth (or hispid,) prickles on the stem 
very numerous, straight, bristle-shaped, leaflets roundish, 
smooth. The varieties are the common Scotch rose, the red 
Scotch rose, and double Scotch rose. 
Dr. Withering speaks of a specimen of the last variety 
from Lanscale Haws in Lancashire, with prickly peduncles, 
S A. 
and cream-coloured flowers, changing to white. • Mr. Atkin¬ 
son, who sent it, relates that it covered several acres of land, 
to the exclusion of every other vegetable. 
9. Rosa paviflora, or small flowered American rose.—Fruits 
globular-depressed, with the peduncles hispid, petioles pubes¬ 
cent, somewhat prickly, stem smooth, stipular prickles straight, 
leaflets elliptic, flowers mostly in pairs. 
10. Rosa lucida, or shining-leaved American rose.— Fruits 
globular-depressed, with the peduncles subhispid,. petioles 
smooth, somewhat prickly, stem smooth, stipular prickles 
straight, leaflets oblong-elliptic, shining, smooth, flowers 
mostly in pairs. 
11. Rosa Carolina, or Carolina rose.—Fruits globular, 
with the peduncles subhispid, petioles hairy, somewhat 
prickly, stem smooth, stipular prickles somewhat hooked, 
leaflets oblong-lanceolate, flowers corymbed. 
12. Rosa villosa, or apple rose.—Fruits globular, with the 
peduncles hispid, prickles on the stem straightish, leaflets 
elliptic, tomentose on both sides. 
The apple rose, well known in gardens and plantations, 
both in a single and double state, is found in many parts of 
Europe and Asia. It grows copiously with us in Westmore¬ 
land, Cumberland, and the north of Yorkshire, as well as 
in some parts of Scotland. It flowers in June, and the large 
deep.red fruit remains till eaten by birds, or destroyed by frost 
and wet. 
Dillenius mentions a downy-leaved rose, found by Sher- 
ard near Kingston-upon-Thames, which, by his description, 
seems to be a variety of this. 
The fruit has a pleasant acid pulp surrounding the seeds, 
which is sometimes made into a conserve or sweetmeat, and 
served up in desserts. 
13. Rosa rugosa, or wrinkled-leaved rose.—Fruits globu¬ 
lar, smooth, peduncles, stem, and petioles prickly, leaves 
tomentose underneath.—Native of Japan. 
14. Rosa Provincialis, or Provence rose.—Fruits roundish, 
peduncles and petioles hispid, prickles of the branches scat¬ 
tered, somewhat bent back, leaflets ovate, villose underneath, 
serratures glandular. 
The common Provence rose is well known in the English 
gardens, and is one of the most beautiful sorts yet known. 
The great double damask Provence or Holland rose, hath 
its bark, says Parkinson, of a reddish or brown colour. It 
usually groweth very like the damask rose, and much to the 
same height. The flowers are of the same deep blush colour, 
or rather somewhat deeper, but much thicker and broader. 
The scent cometh nearest unto the damask rose, but yet is 
short of it by much. 
The stem and branches of the red Provence rose are not so 
great as those of the other, but greener ; the bark being not 
so red. This is not so plentiful in bearing as the damask 
Provence. 
The stalks of the blush Provence rose rise from three to 
four feet high, and are unarmed: the leaves are hairy on 
their under side: the peduncles have some small spines: the 
segments of the calyx are semi-pinnate : the corolla has' five 
or six rows of petals, which are large, and spread open ; they 
are of a pale blush colour, and have a musky scent. 
The white Provence rose differs only in the colour of the 
flowers. 
The two dwarf Provence roses, both called rose de Meaux, 
differ from each other in little except size. The smaller of 
the two is generally known to nurserymen and gardeners by 
the name of Pompone rose. This throws out numerous 
stems, which rarely exceed a foot or a foot and half in 
height; usually straight, rigid aud very prickly. Flowers 
very small, and distinguished by the brilliant colour of the 
central petals: they appear in June. 
II. With ovate fruits. 
15. Rosa centifolia, or hundred-leaved rose.—This rises 
with prickly stalks about three feet high. The leaves 
have three or ■ five leaflets, which are large, oval, 
smooth, and of a dark green with purple edges. The ped¬ 
uncles are set with brown bristly hairs. The segments of the 
