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373 
calyx are smooth and .semipinnate. The flowers are very 
double and of a deep red colour, but have little scent. 
The petals are so closely wedged together that the flower 
appears as if it came out of the hand of the turner— -J!os quasi 
for/iatus. 
The varieties of this species are as follows:—Rosa multi¬ 
plex media; rosa centifolia Batavica; Dutch hundred-leaved 
rose; blush hundred-leaved rose; Singleton’s hundred-leaved 
rose; Burgundy rose; single velvet rose; double velvet rose; 
sultan rose ; Stepney rose; garnet rose; bishop rose ; Lis¬ 
bon rose. They have all less scent than the ordinary red 
rose.—Several of the other varieties are of more modern date. 
The Burgundy rose is an elegant little plant, not more than 
a foot or eighteen inches in height. 
According to Loureiro, the rosa centifolia is a native of 
China. 
16. Rosa Gallica, or red rose.—Fruits ovate, with the ped¬ 
uncles hispid, stem and petioles hispid-prickly. 
The stalks of this grow erect, and have scarce any spines; 
they rise from three to four feet high. The leaves are com¬ 
posed of three or five large oval leaflets, which are hairy on 
their under side. The leaves of the calyx are undivided. 
The flowers are large, but not very double, spread open wide, 
and decay soon ; they are of a deep red colour, and have 
an agreeable scent. 
Parkinson gives the red rose the epithet of English, because 
this and the white are the most ancient and known roses to 
our eountry, and assumed by our precedent kings, of all 
others to be cognizances of their dignity, and because the 
red is more frequent and used in England than in other places. 
The flowers vary in colour; some are of an orient red or 
deep crimson colour, and very double, although never so 
double as the white; some, again, are paler, tending some¬ 
what to a damask; and some are of so pale a red, as that they 
are rather the colour of the canker rose; yet all for the most 
part with larger leaves than the damask, and with many more 
yellow threads (stamens) in the middle. The scent hereof is 
much better than in the white, but not comparable to the 
excellency of the damask rose; yet this being well dried and 
kept, will hold both colour and scent longer than the 
damask. 
The Mundi rose has the flowers very elegantly striped or 
variegated with red and white; in other circumstances it 
perfectly resembles the red rose. 
The childing, marbled, and double virgin roses, says Mr. 
Miller, have great affinity with each other. 
The infusion of these roses is a grateful cooling sub-astrin¬ 
gent ; its efficacy however depends chiefly on the acid. The 
syrup derives its use merely from its colour. 
17. Rosa damascena, or damask rose.—The damask 
rose' rises with prickly stalks eight or ten feet high, 
covered with a greenish bark, and armed with short 
prickles. The leaves are composed of five or seven 
oval leaflets, dark green above, but pale underneath ; the 
borders frequently turn brown and are slightly serrate; the 
peduncles are set with prickly hairs; the calyxes are semi- 
pinnate and hairy ; the corolla is of a soft pale red, and not 
very double, but has an agreeable odour ; the heps are long 
and smooth.—It is a native of the South of France, and was 
cultivated in 1596 by Gerarde. 
These garden roses were early cultivated and highly 
esteemed in England. Hakluyt says that the damask rose 
was brought in by Dr. Linaker, physician to Kings Henry 
VII. and VIII. 
Of this elegant species, which has not been well distin¬ 
guished from the provincialis and centifolia, there are three 
varieties. 
The red and blush damask rose differ only in the shade of 
colour. 
The York and Lancaster rose, agrees with the damask in 
stalk, leaf, &c. differing only in the flower being variegated 
with white stripes. The flowers in these being less double 
than in several others, are frequently succeeded by fruit, and 
have ripe seeds, from which other varieties may be obtained. 
The smell is of a weak damask rose scent. 
Vol. XXII. No. 1508. 
The red and while monthly roses are so called from their 
continuing to blow in succession during the greater part of 
the summer; not that they blow in every month, as the name 
implies. They are in every respect like the damask rose; 
unless it be, as Ferrarius observes, more full of prickles than 
that. 
The blush Belgick rose, which Mr. Miller gives as a dis¬ 
tinct species, rises about three feet high, with prickly stalks. 
The leaves are composed of five or seven leaflets, which are 
oval, hairy on their under side, and slightly serrate: the 
peduncles and calyxes are hairy, and without prickles ; the 
calyxes are large and semipinnate; the flowers very dou-’ 
ble, of a pale flesh colour, with little scent, generally in 
great quantities. The red Belgick rose differs only in having 
the colour of the flower a deep red. 
18 Rosa sempervirens, or ever-green rose.—The ever¬ 
green rose has slender stalks which trail upon the ground 
unless they are supported, and if trained up to a pole 
or the stem of a tree, will rise twelve or fourteen feet high ; 
they are armed with crooked reddish spines, and have small 
leaves, with seven oval acute leaflets, of a lucid green, and 
serrate. The leaves continue on all the year. The flowers 
are small, single, white, and have a musky odour. In their 
natural place of growth they continue in succession great 
part of the year, but their time of flowering in England is 
June. 
19. Rosa pumila, or dwarf Austrian rose.—Fruits ovate, 
with the peduncles hispid, petioles and stem prickly, leaves 
glaucous underneath, with the serratures glandular. 
20. Rosa turbinata, or Frankfort rose.—Fruits turbinate, 
with the peduncles hairy, petioles villose, prickles scattered, 
recurved.—Its native place is not known. Parkinson culti¬ 
vated it in 1629. 
21. Rosa rubiginosa, or sweet-briar rose.—The sweet- 
briar, or eglantine, has yellow hooked prickles on the stem. 
Leaflets seven, very fragrant, elliptic or subovate, above 
smooth and wrinkled, underneath rust-coloured with resinous 
atoms or little dots; serratures glandular. Petioles also 
glandular and prickly. Peduncles muricateand in corymbs. 
Calyx glandular. Petals rose-coloured, white at the base. 
Fruit scarlet, muricate but sometimes smooth, farinaceous, 
insipid.—Native of most parts of Europe on heaths, in 
thickets, hedges, and woods, chiefly in a gravelly soil. 
There are eight varieties. Those with double flowers are 
very elegant shrubs in ornamented plantations. 
22. Rosa muscosa, or moss Provence rose.—The moss 
Provence rose, commonly called the moss rose, from 
the moss-like pubescence on the calyx, has the stalks and 
branches closely armed with brown spines. The ped¬ 
uncles and calyx are covered with long hair-like moss. The 
flowers are of an elegant crimson colour, and have a most 
agreeable odour. 
This elegant rose is known to us only in its double state, 
and we are ignorant of the country to which we are indebted 
for it. 
23. Rosa moschata, or musk rose.—Fruits ovate, with the 
peduncles villose, stem and petioles prickly, leaflets oblong, 
acuminate, smooth, peduncles many-flowered. 
The musk rose rises with weak stalks to the height of tea 
or twelve feet, covered with a smooth greenish bark, and 
armed with short strong spines. Leaflets seven, light green 
and serrate. Flowers in large bunches, in form of umbels, 
at the end of the branches, they are white, and have a fine 
musky odour, appear in July and August, and continue in 
succession till the frost stops them. The stalks are too weak 
to support themselves. It varies with double flowers. 
24. Rosa rubrifolia, or red-leaved rose.—Fruits ovate, 
with the peduncles smooth and glaucescent, petioles prickly, 
stem with scattered uncinate prickles, leaflets oblong, finely 
serrate, smooth, flowers subcorymbed. 
25. Rosa lagenaria, or bottled-fruited rose.—Fruits obo- 
vate smooth, peduncles and petioles glandular-hispid, stem 
unarmed, leaflets oval, smooth. 
26. Rosa alpina, or alpine rose.—Fruits ovate, smooth, 
peduncles and petioles hispid, stem unarmed. 
5 C 27. Rosa 
