374 
ROSA. 
27. Rosa Pyrenaica, or Pyrenean rose.—Fruits ovate, 
with the peduncles hispid, coloured, petioles hispid-prickly, 
calyxes altogether leafy. 
28. Rosa pendulina, or smooth pendulous rose.—Un¬ 
armed, fruits oblong, peduncles and petioles hispid, stem and 
branches smooth, fruits pendulous. 
29. Rosa montana, or mountain rose.—Fruits oblong, 
with the peduncles hispid, petioles prickly, stipular hooked, 
prickles on the stem, leaflets smooth, obovate, glandular- 
serrate. 
30. Rosa multiflora, or many-flowered rose.—Fruits 
ovate, with the peduncles unarmed, villose, stem and petioles 
prickly. 
31. Rosa canina, dog rose, wild briar, or hep-free.— 
The common dog rose or wild briar has the stem smooth, 
with two alternate hooked prickles between the knots, grow¬ 
ing to the height of six feet or more. Branches elongated, 
from upright spreading. Prickles conical-hooked, com¬ 
pressed, bright red when young, but afterwards ash-coloured. 
Leaves alternate, having for the most part seven scentless ser¬ 
rate leaflets, the serratures terminated by minute purple 
glands; naked and quite smooth on both sides, the upper 
side shining, the lower paler; the lower leaflets gradually 
smaller; the midrib and petiole prickly underneath, the 
edges beset with purple glands. Stipules finely toothed, the 
teeth tipped with red, and terminated by a globule. Ped¬ 
uncles forming a sort of corymb of two or three to six flowers 
together ; but sometimes they are solitary, round, even and 
naked. Calyx pubescent within and at the edge ; the leaf¬ 
lets lanceolate and long-tailed, two-simple, two pinnate on 
each side, and one pinnate only on one side. Petals obcor- 
date, a little remote, pale red, fainter towards the base, some¬ 
times white, sweet-scented. Fruit, which is a sort of berry 
formed from the ripened calyx, scarlet, quite smooth and 
shining, sometimes closed and sometimes pervious at the top; 
containing about thirty seeds, which are bony, ovate-acumi¬ 
nate, angular, having white silky bristles dispersed among 
them, terminated by the permanent style, pale; the outer 
ones are immersed in the excavations of the fleshy substance 
of the calyx, but those in the middle have fleshy, saffron- 
coloured, subvillose peduncles. It is sometimes seen with a 
hispid fruit.—Native of Europe, in hedges and woods, deco¬ 
rating them with its lively odorous flowers in the months of 
June and July. From these a perfumed water may be dis¬ 
tilled, which is said to be much more fragrant than that from 
garden roses. The leaves are recommended as a substitute 
for tea, giving out a fine colour, a sub-astringent taste, and 
a gratefull smell, when dried, and infused in boiling water. 
The fruit, commonly known by the name of heps, is agreea¬ 
ble enough when ripe and mellowed by the frost: beaten up 
with sugar, it makes a pleasant conserve, more used as a ve¬ 
hicle for other medicines, than for any virtue of its own. 
A mossy protuberance is common on various parts of the 
wild rose, which is occasioned by an insect called cynips 
rosae: formerly, under the name of bedeguar it was used 
medicinally, but it is now justly discarded. The fruit in 
winter is much sought after by birds, especially the pheasant. 
32. Rosa tomentosa, or downy-leaved dog-rose.—Fruits 
o»rte with the peduncles hispid, prickles on the stem hooked, 
leaflets ovate tomentose on both sides. 
33. Rosa collini, or hill rose.—Fruits ovate smoothisb, 
peduncles and petioles glandular-hirsute, stem prickly. 
34. Rosa parvifolia, or small-leaved rose.—Fruits ovate 
smoothish, peduncles glandular, petioles and stem with very 
fine prickles, leaflets wrinkled somewhat villose underneath, 
ovate, glandular-serrate. . ■ ; 
35. Rosa semperflorens, or deep-red China rose.—Fruits 
oblong, with the peduncles hispid, stem and petioles prickly- 
hispid, leaves subternate prickly. 
36. Rosa Chinensis, or pale China rose.—This is very 
nearly allied to the preceding, and perhaps may be only a 
variety of it. 
37. Rosa Indica, or Indian rose.—Fruits ovate, with the 
peduncles smooth, stem almost unarmed, petioles prickly. 
38. Rosa longifclia, or long-leaved rose.—Fruits ovate, 
smooth, peduncles glaudular-subaculeafe, stem almost un¬ 
armed, petioles prickly, leaflets smooth, ovate, acuminate. 
39. Rosa bracteata, or bracted rose.—Fruits obovate, ped¬ 
uncles bracted with the branchlets villose, stem and petioles 
prickly, leaflets smooth, roundish, crenate, somewhat prickly. 
40. Rosa alba, or white rose.—The white rose, in its wild 
state, has an affinity to No. 6., but differs from it in having 
wider ovate leaves, smooth and deep green above, paler and 
slightly hairy underneath, unequally serrate arid biunt; stem 
and petioles villose, prickly; peduncles solitary, long, hispid ; 
fruits orate, smooth, but more frequently having a few 
slender prickles on them; calyxes smooth, green, half-pinnate. 
There are five varieties. 
To these species Sir James Smith adds seventeen 
others, and remarks, “ that many more probably exist. 
We shall net swell the catalogue of these useless dis¬ 
tinctions. The above author remarks, that botanists have 
not sufficiently adverted to some characters, that appear to 
him more important than several they have depended upon. 
The number, and precise situation of the substipulary’ 
prickles, the form of the stipulas, and the structure of the 
calyx, appear more constant, than the absence or presence of 
glands, or of pubescence, in certain parts.” 
Propagation and Culture .—Most of the sorts of roses are 
of foreign growth, and have been at various times introduced 
into the English gardens, but they are generally natives of 
northern countries, or grow upon the cold mountains in the 
warmer parts of Europe, so they are very hardy in respect to 
cold, but love an open free air, especially the yellow rose, 
the Austrian rose, and the monthly rose. The two former 
will not flower in a warm soil and situation, nor near the 
smoke of London, and the monthly rose will flower much 
better in a free open air. 
The usual time of these shrubs producing their flowers is 
from the middle or latter end of May, till the middle of July.' 
All the sorts of roses may be propagated either from suckers, 
layers, or by budding them upon stocks of other sorts of 
roses; which latter method is only practised for some peculiar 
sorts, which do not grow' very vigorous upon their own stocks, 
and send forth suckers very sparingly, or where a person is 
willing to have more sorts than one upon the same plant;' 
but where this is designed, it must be observed to bud only 
such sorts upon the same stock, as are nearly equal in their 
manner of growth ; for if there be a bud of a vigorous grow¬ 
ing sort, and others of a weak growth budded in the same 
stock, the strong one will draw all the nourishment from the 
weaker, and entirely starve them. 
If these plants are propagated by suckers, they should be 
taken off annually in October, and transplanted out either 
into a nursery in row's (as has been directed for several other 
sorts of flowering-shrubs), or into the places where they are 
to remain : for if they are permitted to stand upon the roots of 
the old plants more than one year, they grow woody, and do 
not form so good roots as if planted out the first year, so 
there is more danger of their not succeeding. 
But the best method to obtain good-rooted plants is to 
lay down the young branches in autumn, which will take 
good root by the autumn following (especially if they are wa¬ 
tered in very dry weather), when they may be' taken from 
the old plants, and transplanted where they are to remain.' 
The plants, which are propagated by layers, are not so apt 
to send out suckers from their roots as those which are from 
suckers, therefore should be preferred before them; because 
they may be much easier kept within compass, and these 
will also flower much stronger. These plants may be trans¬ 
planted any time from October to April; but when they are 
designed to flower strong the first year after planting, they 
should be planted early ; though, if they are planted late 
in the spring, it will cause them to flower in autumn, pro-' 
vided they do not suffer by drought. 
Most of these sorts delight in a rich moist soil and an open 
situation, in which they will produce a greater quantity of 
flowers, and those much fairer, than when they are upon a 
dry soil or in a shady situation. The pruning which they 
require, is only to cut out their dead wood, and take off all 
the 
