R O S 
crayon painting to a high degree of perfection. Orlandi 
celebrates her miniatures. Her crayon painting arrives often 
at the strength of painting in oil. Her portraits, spread 
all over Europe, are as elegant and graceful in concep¬ 
tion and attitude, as fresh, neat, and alluring in colour. 
HerMadonnas, and other sacred subjects, rise from grace to 
dignity, and even majesty. Equal and incessant application 
deprived her of sight during the last ten years of her life. 
She died in 1757, at the age of 82. 
Rosalba is celebrated by Walther- for her musical talents 
and exquisite taste in singing. 
ROSALGATE, a cape of Arabia, forming the most east¬ 
erly point of that country. Here the coast, which has hi¬ 
therto run in a north-easterly direction, turns to the north¬ 
west, till it joins the Persian gulf. The land over the cape 
is high and uneven, but facing the sea it is low and level. 
Lat. 22. 20. N. long. 60. 10. E. 
ROSAMOND, daughter of- Lord Clifford, was a young 
lady of great beauty, fine accomplishments, and endowed 
with the most engaging wit and sweetness of temper. She 
had been educated, according to the custom of the times, in 
the nunnery of Godstow, and the popular history of her is as 
follows. Henry II. of England saw her, was smitten with her 
beauty, and triumphed over her honour. To avoid the jea¬ 
lousy of his queen, Eleanor, he kept her in a labyrinth at 
Woodstock, and by his connection with her had two chil¬ 
dren, who were afterwards William Longsword, Earl of Salis¬ 
bury, and Geoffrey, bishop of Lincoln. On Henry’s absence 
in France, the queen found means to discover her, and, jea¬ 
lous of her great beauty, caused her to be poisoned. This 
story is not well supported by historical documents. Seve¬ 
ral writers mention no more of her, than that the queen caused 
her to be so harassed, that she did not long survive after she 
was discovered. Other writers assert, that she died a natural 
death, and the story of her being poisoned is supposed to have 
arisen from the figure of a cup being placed on her tomb. 
She was buried in the church of Godstow, opposite to the 
high altar, where her body remained till it was ordered to be 
removed with every mark of disgrace, by Hugh, bishop of 
Lincoln, in 1191. By many, however, she has been re¬ 
garded as a saint, but her history is in every respect very un¬ 
certain. See Grose's Antiq. of Eng. and Wales. 
ROSANI, a cape in European Turkey, on the coast of 
Romania, near the Grecian archipelago. Lat. 40. 35. N. 
long. 24. 14. E. 
ROSANNA, or Roscienie, a small town of the north¬ 
west of European Russia, in the government of Grodno. It 
was formerly the residence of the princess Sapihea; 56 miles 
south-by-west of Novogrodek. 
ROSARBA, the name of a substance which has given 
great trouble to the commentators on the works of the 
ancients. 
The Arabian writers, Avicenna, Serapian, and others, have 
mentioned it as a kind of carob or ceration. It was probably 
only the succus acaciae, or inspissated acacia juice of the 
shops. 
ROSARIA, among the Romans, a kind of perfumes, sp 
called either from their being chiefly made of roses, or be¬ 
cause they had a most exquisite odour. 
ROSARIA, El, a town of Mexico, in the intendancy of 
Sanora, situated near the rich mines of Copala. The mines 
which used to be the source of its opulence, are now for the 
most part filled with water. It contains 5600 inhabitants-; 
400 miles north-west of Mexico. Lat. 23. 28. N. long. 106. 
9. W. 
ROSARIO, a town of the province and government of 
Buenos Ayres, situated at the mouth of the Tercero river, 
where it enters the Parana, about 75 miles south of Santa Fe. 
Lat. 32. 56. S. long. 60. 51. W. It is the name of a settle¬ 
ment in Cuba, 45 miles south of Havannah; and also of se¬ 
veral other inconsiderable settlements. 
ROSARIO, a large and abundant river, formerly of Peru, 
now in the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, and province of 
Tucuman. 
ROSARIO, another small river of the same province; 
which runs east, and enters the Salado. 
Vol. XXII. No. 1509. 
R O S 377 
ROSARIO, a small river of the province of Buenos 
Ayres, which runs south, and enters the Plata. 
ROSARIO, a river of New Granada, in the province of 
Carthagena, which communicates with the Magdalena, and 
may be called an arm of that river; whence it runs north- 
north-west, and enters the Cauca. There is also a small 
river of this name in the province of Choco, and district of 
Barbacous, which falls into the Pacific Ocean. 
ROSARNO, a small town of Italy, in the south of the 
kingdom of Naples, in Calabria Ultra. Population 2500. 
Vines and olives are cultivated in the neighbourhood; 5 
miles south-south-east of Nicotera, and 30 north-by-east of 
Reggio. 
RO'SARY, s. [rosarium, Lat.] A bunch of beads, on 
which the Romanists number their prayers. It consists of 
five or fifteen decads of beads, to direct the recitation of so 
many Ave-Maria’s, in honour of the Virgin. “ The rosary, 
otherwise called the Virgin's psalter, is a new manner of 
praying, which, saies Navarrus, never was nor can ever be 
valued at what it is worth; for it is made up of 150 ave- 
maries, and 15 paters, tacked together with little buttons 
upon a string!” Brevint, Saul, See. at Endor, 1674, p. 
169.—A bed of roses; a place where roses grow.—The 
sweetest and the fairest blossom that ever budded, either 
out of the white or red rosary. Proceed, against Garnet. 
—A chaplet.—Christ hath now knit them into rosaries and 
coronets. Bp. Taylor. Every day propound to your¬ 
self a rosary or chaplet of good works, to present to God 
at night. Bp. Taylor. 
Rosary also denotes a particular mass or form of devo¬ 
tion addressed to the Virgin, to which the chaplet of that 
name is accommodated. It consists of fifteen repetitions of 
the Lord’s prayer, and a hundred and fifty - salutations of 
the blessed Virgin, whilst the crown, as it is called, ac¬ 
cording to the different opinions of the learned concerning 
the age of the Virgin, consists of six or seven repetitions of 
the Lord’s prayer, and six or seven times ten salutations or 
Ave-Maria’s. 
Some attribute the institution of the rosary to St. Dominic; 
but F. d’Achery shews it was in use the year 1100; so that 
St. Dominic could only make it more celebrated. Others 
attribute it to Paulus Libycus, and others to St. Benedict; 
others to the Chartreux; others to the venerable Bede; and, 
finally, others to Peter the. Hermit. Those who ascribe it 
to St. Dominic, differ as to the particular time of its institu¬ 
tion ; some referring it to the year 1208, when he preached 
against the Albigenses; others will have him to have set it on 
foot in the course of his missions in Spain, before he passed 
into France. ^ 
Rosary, Order of the, or of our Lady of theRosary, is 
an order of the knights, supposed by SchOonebeck, and the 
Jesuit Bonanni, to have been instituted by St. Dominic, but 
by mistake ; for that saint never instituted any order under 
this name, and these authors apparently make a military 
order of an army of crusaders, who, under the command of 
the Count de Montfort, fought against the Albigenses. 
The abbot Justiniani, and M. Hermant, will have thid 
order to have been established by an archbishop of Toledo, 
named Frederic, after St. Dominic’s death; and to have 
borne for a badge a black and white cross, in the middle of 
which was represented our Lady, holding her little son in 
one hand, and in the other a rosary. F. Mendo adds, that 
they were obliged to rehearse the rosary on certain days. 
After all, F. Helyot doubts whether or no such an order in 
reality ever existed. Edmondson refers the institution of 
this order to the year 1212; and he says, the badge of the 
order was a cross patonce per cross counterchanged argent 
and sable, surmounted on the centre with a medal or, ena¬ 
melled with the image of the Virgin, supporting the infant 
in one hand, and holding a rosary in the other, all proper. 
The order of the “ Celestial Collar of the Holy Rosary” is 
a religious order for ladies, instituted at the request of father 
Francis"Arnoul, a Dominican, by queen'Anne of Austria, 
widow of the French king Lewis XIII., and mother of 
Lewis XIV., for fiity> young ladies of the first families in 
France. The collar of the order was composed of a blue 
5 D interlaced 
