378 
R O S 
ribbon, enriched with white, red, and maiden’s blush roses, 
interlaced with the capital letters A. V. in cypher affixed to it: 
and pendant at the breast by a silk cordon, a cross of eight 
points pometee, and in each angle a fleur-de-lis: on the 
centre the image of the Virgin Mary, and on the reverse the 
image of St. Dominic, enamelled. 
Rosary is a word also frequently met with in the ancient 
histories of Ireland, and used to express a peculiar sort of 
base money coined abroad, in the form of the penny, cur¬ 
rent in that kingdom; but of so much baser an alloy, that 
it was not worth quite half the real value of the penny. 
This and many other such coins were decried, and it was 
made death to import any of them, by Edward I., in 1300. 
The Persian Rosary, is a beautiful compendium of 
oriental ethics, written by a Persian poet, whose name was 
Eddin Sadi; who, about the middle ot the 13th century, when 
the Turks invaded Persia, withdrew from his own country, 
and settled at Bagdad, for the purpose of prosecuting his 
studies. After experiencing much vicissitude of fortune, he 
returned home, and compiled the book just mentioned, 
which he completed in the year 1257. This book, we are 
informed, has been universally read in the East; and lias 
been translated into Latin, and into several modern languages. 
As our readers in general may not have access to the original 
work, which is divided into eight chapters, nor to extracts 
from it, we shall here subjoin, both for their information and 
amusement, the following citations. 
1. Paradise will be the reward of those kings who restrain 
their resentment, and know how to forgive. A king who 
institutes unjust laws, undermines the foundation of his 
kingdom. Let him, who neglects to raise the fallen, fear, 
lest, when he himself falls, no one will stretch out his hand 
to lift him up. Administer justice to your people, for a day 
of judgment is at hand. The dishonest steward’s hand will 
shake, when he comes to render an account of his trust. 
Be just, and fear not. Oppress not thy subjects, lest the 
sighing of the oppressed should amend to heaven. If you 
wish to be great, be liberal; for, unless you sow the seed, 
there can be no increase. Assist and relieve the wretched, 
for misfortunes may happen to yourself. Wound no man 
unnecessarily ; there are thorns enough in the path of human 
life. If a king take an apple from the garden of a sub¬ 
ject, his servants will soon cut down the tree. The flock 
is not made for the shepherd, but the shepherd for the 
flock. 
2. Excel in good works, and wear what you please: in¬ 
nocence and piety do not consist in wearing an old or coarse 
garment. Learn virtue from the vicious; and what offends 
you in their conduct, avoid in your own. If you have re¬ 
ceived an injury, bear it patiently: by pardoning the of¬ 
fences of others, you will wash away your own. Rim, who 
has been every day conferring upon you new favours, par¬ 
don, if, in the space of a long time, he should have once done 
you an injury. Respect the memory of the good, that your 
good name may live for ever. 
3. In your adversity, do not visit your friend with a sad 
countenance; for you will embitter his cup : relate even your 
misfortunes with a smile ; for wretchedness will never reach 
the heart of a cheerful man. He who lives upon the fruits 
of his own labour, escapes the contempt of haughty bene¬ 
factors. Always encounter petulance with gentleness, and 
perverseness with kindness: a gentle hand will lead the 
elephant itself by a hair. When once you have offended a 
man, do not presume that a hundred benefits will secure you 
from revenge: an arrow may be drawn out of a wound, but 
an injury is never forgotten. Worse than the venom of a 
serpent is the tongue of an enemy, who pretends to be your 
friend. 
4. It is better to be silent upon points we understand, than 
to be put to shame by being questioned upon things of which 
we are ignorant. A wise man will not contend with a fool. 
It is a certain mark of folly, as well as rudeness, 1o speak 
whilst another is speaking. If you are wise you will speak 
Jess than you know-. 
5. Although you can repeat every word of the Koran, if 
R O S 
you suffer yourself to be enslaved by love, you have not yet 
learned your alphabet. The immature grape is sour; wait a 
few days, and it will become sweet. If you resist tempta¬ 
tion, do not assure yourself that you shall escape slander. 
The reputation, which has been fifty years in building, may 
be thrown down by one blast of calumny. Listen not to the 
tale of friendship, from the man who has been capable of 
forgetting his friend in adversity. 
6. Perseverance accomplishes more than precipitation; the 
patient mule, which travels slowly night and day, will in the 
end go further than an Arabian courser. If you are old, 
leave sports and jests to the young: the stream, which has 
passed away, will not return into its channel. 
7. Instruction is only profitable to those who are capable 
of receiving it: bring an ass to Mecca, and it will still return 
an ass. If you would be your father’s heir, learn his wisdom •. 
his wealth you may expend in ten days. He who is tinc¬ 
tured with good principles while he is young, when he is 
grown old w ill not be destitute of virtue. If a man be desti¬ 
tute of knowledge, prudence, and virtue, his door-keeper may 
say, Nobody is at home. Give advice where you ought; if 
it be not regarded, the fault is not yours. 
8. Two kinds of men labour in vain: they who get riches, 
and do not enjoy them; and they who learn wisdom, and 
do not apply to the conduct of life. A wise man, who is 
not at the same time virtuous, is a blind man carrying a 
lamp : he gives light to others, whilst he himself remains in 
darkness. If you wish to sleep soundly, provide for to¬ 
morrow. Trust no man, even your best friend, with a 
secret; you will never find a more faithful guardian of the 
trust than yourself. Let your misfortunes teach you com¬ 
passion : he knows the condition of the wretched, who has 
himself been wretched. Excessive vehemence creates en¬ 
mity ; excessive gentleness, contempt*: be neither so severe, 
as to be hated ; nor so mild as to be insulted. He who 
throws away advice upon a conceited man, himself wants an 
adviser. In a single hour you may discover, whether a man 
has good sense; but it will require many years to discover 
whether he has good temper, 'three things are unattainable ; 
riches without trouble, science without controversy, and go¬ 
vernment without punishment. Clemency to the wicked is 
an injury to the good. If learning were banished from the 
earth, there would, notwithstanding, be no one who would 
think himself ignorant. Bvuclcer's His. of Philos. 
ROSAS, anciently Rhodia, a small town in the north¬ 
east of Spain, on the coast of Catalonia, near Cabo de Creuz, 
on a bay of the Mediterranean, to which it gives name. It 
has a small but deep harbour, well defended against the north 
and north-east winds. Its bay is large and deep, but some¬ 
what exposed to the south and west. The town is defended 
by two forts. The number of inhabitants is 2600. It was 
taken by the French in 1793 and 1794, and again on the 
6th December, 1808, when part of the town was burned ; 
22 miles north-east of Cerona. Lat. 42. 16. 6. N. long. 3. 
10. 13. E. 
ROSAS, a river of the new kingdom of Granada, in the 
province of Venezuela, which rises east of the city of Bar- 
quisimeto, runs south, and turning to the west, enters the 
Tucyo. 
ROSATE, a small town of Austiian Italy, delegation of 
Milan; 10 miles south-south-west of that city. 
ROSBACH, a petty town of Prussian Saxony; 10 miles 
west of Lutzen, and 9 south-south-west of Merseburg. It 
contains only 500 inhabitants, but is remarkable in history 
for the victory obtained by the Prussians, under Frederick II., 
over the French, in November, 1757. 
ROSBACH, Upper, a small town of the West of Ger¬ 
many, in Ilesse Darmstadt. Population nearly 1000; 10 
miles north of Frankfort on the Maine. 
ROSBEGH, Point, a cape on the west coast of Ireland, 
Lat. 52. 6. N. lofig. 9. 52. W. 
ROSCELlNEj, the founder of the scholastic sect which 
was known by the name ot Nomiualists, was a native of the 
French province of Bretagne, who flourished in the latter 
part of the 11th and the commencement of the 12th century. 
He 
