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that bodies have been found entire eighty years after their 
interment. They were formerly buried in armour, and with¬ 
out a coffin. “ The late Roslin,” says father Hay, in his 
MS. memoirs, “ was the first that was buried in a coffine, 
contrary to the sentiments of James VII., who was then in 
Scotlandand he adds, “ that the great expense my mo¬ 
ther was at in burying her husband, occasioned the sumptu¬ 
ary acts that were made in the next parliament.” 
The village of Roslyn was anciently a place of consider¬ 
able importance. King James II. constituted it a burgh of 
barony in the year 1456, and granted to the inhabitants a 
weekly market and a fair; but these privileges are now aban¬ 
doned. The fields immediately contiguous are celebrated in 
history as the scene of three sanguinary engagements betwixt 
the English and Scotch; all fought on the same day, the 
24th of February, 1303. The particulars are thus narrated 
by the Scottish historians. During a truce, Ralph Confroy, 
treasurer to Edward I., invaded Scotland at the head of thirty 
thousand men. With a view to plunder, he divided his 
forces into three bodies, and having reached the vicinity of 
Roslyn, encamped them in three distant stations. On being 
apprised of this invasion. Sir John Gumming and Sir Simon 
Frazer marched with 10,000 men to watch the motions of 
the enemy; and finding the first division unprepared, at¬ 
tacked and routed it with great slaughter. The second di¬ 
vision coming up immediately after the battle, shared the 
same fate; as did likewise the third division, which appeared 
in a similar manner at the close of the second action. This 
engagement excited much interest both at home and abroad, 
and is ranked among the noblest efforts of Scottish bravery. 
About half a mile lower down the Esk, is situated the house 
of Hawthornden, remarkable not only for its having belonged 
to Drummond, the celebrated poet and historian, but also for 
the caves under it. There are various conjectures as to the 
original intention of these subterraneous cavities. Stukely 
has given credit to a fabulous tradition, that they were 
strong holds of the Pictish kings; and accordingly one cave 
is called the king’s gallery, another the king’s bed-chamber, 
and a third the guard-room. Setting aside this tradition, 
the most probable opinion is, that they were resorted to as 
places of refuge during the destructive wars between the 
English and Scotch. Detached from the principal caves is a 
smaller one, called the Cypress grove, where Drummond is 
said to have composed many of his poems. It was in these 
caverns that the famous Sir Alexander Ramsay, one of the 
ancestors of the Dalhousie family, who performed such ex¬ 
ploits of valour in the contest for the crown between Bruce 
and Baliol, used to conceal himself. Here he was resorted to 
by the young warriors of his day, who considered it as a ne¬ 
cessary part of military education to have been of his band. 
From thence he sallied forth, as occasion presented itself, and 
attacked the English, then in possession of Edinburgh. The 
Statistical Account of Scotland, by Sir John Sinclair. Ar¬ 
chitectural Antiquities of Great Britain, vol. iii. 4to. by 
John Britton, F. S. A. A Companion and useful Guide to 
the Beauties of Scotland and the Hebrides, &c., by the Hon. 
Mrs. Murray Aust, of Kensington, 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1810. 
ROSMALEN, a village of the Netherlands, in North 
Brabant, with 1100 inhabitants; 3 miles north-east of Bois 
le Due. 
ROSMARINHAL, a small town of Portugal, on a hill 
near the Tagus and the Spanish frontier; 8 miles west of 
Alcantara, in Spain, and 51 east of Abrantes. 
ROSMARINO, a small town in the east of Sicily, in the 
Val di Demona. It is situated at the mouth of a river to 
which it-gives name; 11 miles north-east of Mistretta. 
ROSMARINUS (from ros dew; and marinus marine. 
This dew-bespangled plant growing on the sea-shore). In 
Botany, a genus of the class diandria, order monogynia, natu¬ 
ral order of verticillate. Lobiatae, ( Juss .)—Generic Charac¬ 
ter. Calyx: perianth one-leafed, tubular, compressed above ; 
mouth upright, two-lipped; upper lip entire, lower bifid. 
Corolla unequal; tube longer than the calyx ; border rin- 
gent; upper lip two-parted, upright shorter, acute, with the 
edges bent back; lower lip bent back, trifid; the middle seg¬ 
ment very large, concave, narrow at the base, the lateral ones 
narrow, acute. Stamina : filaments two, awl-shaped, simple 
with a tooth, inclined towards and longer than the upper 
lip: anthers simple. Pistil: germ four-cleft. Style of the 
same figure, situation and length with the stamens. Stigma 
simple, acute. Pericarp, none. Calyx containing the seeds 
at the bottom. Seeds four, ovate. This genus approaches 
very near to that of salvia, but is distinguished by not having 
the stamens at all forked .—Essential Character. Corolla 
unequal, with the upper lip two-parted. Filaments long, 
curved, simple with a tooth. 
1. Rosmarinus officinalis, officinal rosemary, or broad¬ 
leaved or wild rosemary.—Root strong, woody, fibrous. 
Stem shrubby, covered with a rough gray bark, divided into 
many branches, and in gardens rising frequently to the height 
of eight or ten feet; but in its natural state much lower. 
Leaves numerous, sessile linear, entire, blunt, contracted at 
the edges, dark green above, grayish or whitish underneath, 
with small glandular excavations, placed in whorls on the 
branches. Flowers from the axils of the leaves, from six to 
twelve together, large, pale blue, sometimes white with blue 
spots and dots. Calyx subtomentose.—Native of the south 
of Europe, the Levant and Barbary. There are two varieties; 
one of the garden sort, with striped leaves, which the gar¬ 
deners call the silver rosemary : the other, of the wild sort, 
striped with yellow, and called gold-striped rosemary. The 
former is somewhat tender, and all the plants of this va¬ 
riety were killed in the severe winter of 1740. The latter is 
pretty hardy, and will live in the open air through our 
common winters, on a dry soil. It has a fragrant aromatic 
smell, and a bitterish pungent taste. The leaves and tops 
are strongest in their sensible qualities: the flowers ought 
not to be separated from their calyxes; the active matter 
residing principally, if not wholly, in the latter. Rosemary 
yields its qualities completely to rectified spirit, but only par¬ 
tially to water. The leaves and tops, distilled with water, 
yield a thin light pale essential oil of great fragrancy, though 
not quite so agreeable as the rosemary itself. 
2. Rosmarinus chilensis, or Chili rosemary.—This is a 
shrub known only from a short description given by Ignatius 
Molina. Future observations will inform us whether it be¬ 
long really to this genus or not.—Native of Chili. 
Propagation and Culture .—Rosemary thrives prodi¬ 
giously upon dry rocky soils near the sea, in the south of 
France, in Spain and Italy. It is hardy enough to bear the 
cold of our ordinary winters in the open air, provided it be 
planted upon a poor dry gravelly soil, or near a wall. 
The varieties with striped leaves are somewhat tender. 
Young plants are procured by slips or cuttings in the spring, 
just before the plants begin to shoot, planted upon a bed of 
light fresh earth. When rosemary is by accident rooted in a 
wall, it will endure the greatest cold of our winters. 
ROSMARUS, a name of the animal called by some the 
sea-horse, and more usually known by the name of morse. 
ROSNIATOV, a small town of Austrian Poland, in the 
circle of Stryi. 
ROSNY, a village in the north of France, near the Seine; 
3 miles west of Mantes. It has a castle, and is remarkable 
as being the birth-place of the well-known duke of Sully, 
minister to Henry IV. 
ROSOCZ, a small town in the south-east of Poland ; 42 
miles south-east of Siedlec. 
ROSOLIS, or Ros-solis, popularly Rosa-solis, sun¬ 
dew, an agreeable spirituous liquor, formerly much in 
repute. 
ROSOY, a petty town in the north of France, depart¬ 
ment of the Seine and Marne. It has a castle, and 1500 
inhabitants; 17 miles north-east of Melon. 
ROSOY, another petty town of the north of France, 
department of the Aisne, on the river Serre. Population 
1400 ; 25 miles north-east of I.aon. 
ROSPUS, a name used by some authors for the Sea- 
devil. 
ROSS (Alexander), was born at Aberdeen, and became 
master of the grammar school, at Southampton, and chap¬ 
lain 
