400 
ROT 
ROT 
To show the direction of the trade, we subjoin the ports 
from which most of the vessels arrived in 1817. 
Riga. 
.....272 
London. 
.253 
Harwich. 
.110 
Petersburgh..... 
.90 
Libau. 
.73 
Newcastle. 
.62 
Bergen... 
.45 
Dantzic.31 
Hull.28 
Kiel.22 
Archangel.20 
Lisbon.16 
Bourdeaux.15 
Hamburgh.10 
The vessels from Harwich, and part of those from London, 
are packets which bring very little merchandize; so that 
here, as at Amsterdam, the far greater proportion of tonnage 
is employed in transporting the bulky commodities of the 
Baltic; viz. corn, timber, flax, and hemp. In value, how¬ 
ever, the merchandize from England, consisting of hardware, 
cottons, woollens, and other manufactures, exceeds the im¬ 
ports from any other country. From France, the chief im¬ 
ports are wine and brandy; and the trade with Brazil, as 
well as with Spanish America, is becoming more and more 
direct, instead of being conducted, as formerly, through the 
medium of the mother countries. 
The population of Rotterdam is about 56,000. The ex¬ 
pense of living is not much below that of the provincial 
towns of England; 14 miles south-east of the Hague, and 
36 south-by-west of Amsterdam. Lat. 51. 55. 22. N. long. 
4. 29. 11. E. 
ROTTERDAM, a fortress on the island of Celebes, be¬ 
longing to the Dutch, near Macassar 
ROTTERDAM, a township of the United States, in 
Oneida county, New York. 
ROTT1NGDEAN, a parish of England, in the county of 
Sussex, pleasantly situated on the southern coast, and much 
resorted to of late, from its increasing accommodations for 
sea-bathing. Population 559. 
ROTTINGEN, a small town in the north-west of the 
Bavarian states, in the circle of the Lower Maine, on the 
Tauber, containing 1200 inhabitants; 9 miles north-east of 
Mergentheim. 
ROTTLEBORODA, a large village of Prussian Saxony, 
in the government of Merseburg; 4 miles south of Stolberg. 
ROTTLERA [so called in honour of one Dr. Rottler, a 
Danish missionary], in Botany, a genus of the class dioecia, 
order icosandria, natural order trfcoccae, euphorbia (Juss.) 
t—Generic Character. Male. —Calyx: perianth of one leaf; 
tube short; limb in four deep, ovate, reflexed segments; the 
gwo opposite ones rather the smallest. Corolla: none. 
c tamina: filaments between thirty and forty, capillary, 
jrect, inserted into the tube of the calyx, and about the 
ength of its limb; anthers linear, cloven at each end. 
Female, on a separate tree. Calyx: perianth inferior, bell¬ 
shaped, with four erect teeth. Corolla: none. Pistil: ger- 
men superior, ovate, powdery; styles three, reflexed; stigmas 
feathery. Pericarp: capsule roundish, powdery, three-lobed, 
three-celled, three-valved, the partitions from the centre of 
each valve. Seeds: solitary, globose.— Essential Charac¬ 
ter. Male. —Calyx deeply tour-cleft, reflexed. Corolla 
none. Stamens thirty to forty. Female.— Calyx four¬ 
toothed, erect. Corolla none. Styles three. Capsule supe¬ 
rior, three-lobed, three-celled. Seeds solitary. 
Rottlera tinctoria, or dyer’s rottl era .—Native of the in¬ 
land mountainous parts of the circars of Hindoostan, flower¬ 
ing in the cold season. This is a middle-sized, erect, branch¬ 
ing tree. Leaves alternate, stalked, elliptic-oblong, acute, 
entire, from four to eight inches in length, three-ribbed and 
veiny; nearly smooth above; downy beneath; furnished at 
their base with two brown glands. Footstalks round, downy, 
from one to three inches long. Flower's small, in clusters, 
about the tops of the branches, axillary and terminal; the 
latter branched. Capsules the size of a small cherry, clothed 
with abundance of deep red granular powder, easily rubbed 
off. This powder is a valuable article of commerce, being 
much esteemed, especially among the Moors, for dyeing silk 
of a deep, brighl, very beautiful and durable, full-orange or 
flame-colour. When the capsules are ripe, in February or 
March, they are gathered, and the powder carefully brushed 
off. It is preserved without any further process, and is sold 
to the merchants trading to Hydrabad, and other inland 
parts. This substance is but little acted upon by water, ex¬ 
cept with the admixture of alkaline salts, when it gives out a 
very deep blood-red colour. To spirits it communicates a 
rich, deep, reddish flame-colour; but in neither instance does 
it dissolve, the grains remaining entire, like sand. The in¬ 
habitants know this powder by the name of Wassunta- 
gunda, and use it in the following manner. To four parts 
of Wassunta-gunda are added one of alum, and two of salt 
of soda, native barilla. These are rubbed well together, 
with a portion of expressed oil of sesamum, so small as 
hardly to be perceived. When well mixed, the whole is 
put into boiling water, in quantity proportioned to the silk 
which is to be dyed, and kept boiling smartly, more or less 
time, according to the shade required. The silk is turned 
frequently, to render the colour uniform. 
ROTTOCOMB, a town of Bornou, in Central Africa, 
about 120 miles south of Bornou. 
ROTTOLO, a weight used in Italy and the Levant. 
ROTTUM, a small island of the Netherlands, on the 
coast of the province Groningen. It is separated from Bor- 
kum by the West Ems,and is inhabited by fishermen. 
ROTTWEIL, a small town of the west of Germany, in 
Wirtemburg, situated on a height near the Neckar. It is sur¬ 
rounded with a wall, and contains 2900 inhabitants; 46 
miles south-south-west of Stutgard, and 42 north-west of 
Constance. 
ROTULA, the name of a genus of the echini marini, of the 
general class of the placentae. The characters of the rotulae 
are, that they are flat shells in form of a cake, composed of 
various flat pieces, and formed into a round, something like 
that of a wheel, but wanting one or more parts of its outer 
ring, and radiated or dentated; their mouth is situated in the 
middle of the base, and the aperture of the anus in the third 
region of the axis, and marked with a cinquefoil flower at 
the summit. The great obvious character is, however, the 
dentated edge. Of this genus there are two known species. 
Rotui.a, is also a name of the patella or knee-pan. 
ROTULUS CONTRARIENTITJM. The Earl of Lan¬ 
caster taking part with the barons against king Edward II., 
it was not thought fit, in respect of their power, to call them 
rebels or traitors, but only contrarients ; accordingly, we 
have a record of those times called rotulus contrarientium. 
ROTULUS WINTONIiE, an exact survey of all Eng¬ 
land, by counties, hundreds, and tithings, made under king 
Alfred, not unlike that of Domesday. 
It was thus called, because anciently kept at Winchester 
among other records of the kingdom. 
ROTU'ND, adj. [ rotundus , Lat.] Round; circular; 
spherical.—The cross figure of the Christian temples is more 
proper for spacious buildings than the rotund of the heathens ; 
the eye is much better filled at first entering the rotund, but 
such as are built in the form of a cross give us a greater 
variety. Addison. 
ROTUNDA, a small island in the Atlantic ocean, three 
leagues to the east of Granada. It is desert and uncultivated. 
Lat. 11. 56. N. 
ROTUNDIFO'LIOUS, adj. [rotundus and folium, Lat.] 
Having round leaves. 
ROTU'NDITY, s. \rotunditas, Lat.] Roundness; sphe¬ 
ricity; circularity. 
Thou all-shaking thunder, 
Strike flat the thick rotundity o’ the world. Shakspeare. 
RQTU'NDO, s. [rotondo, Ital.] A building formed 
round both in the inside and outside; such as the Pantheon 
at Rome. Trevoux .—On the brink of the precipice stands 
the Sibyl’s temple, the remains of a little rotundo surrounded 
with its portico. Gray. 
ROTUNDUS, a name given to several muscles from the 
roundness of their body. Such are the rotundus major , 
called also teres major; and the rotundus minor, called 
also teres minor, and transversalis. 
ROTZ, 
