R U B U S. 
pressed. Pistil: germs numerous; styles small, capillary, 
springing from the side of the germ; stigmas simple, per¬ 
manent. Pericarp: berry compounded of roundish acmi, 
collected into a convex head, concave below: each one- 
celled. Seeds solitary oblong. Receptacle of the pericarps 
conical. The acini are united into a compound berry, and 
are not separable without tearing them asunder, except in 
rubus saxatilis, which has the acini distinct; rubus cha- 
nuemorus is dioecous.— Essential Character. Calyx five- 
cleft. Petals five; berry composed of one-seeded acini. 
I.—Frutescent. 
1. Rubus rossefolius, or rose leaved bramble.—Leaves 
quinate-pinnate and ternate, green on both sides, stem 
and petioles prickly, flowers solitary. — Stem round, 
pubescent ; prickles yellowish, recurved at the end. 
Leaflets commonly five, ovate, acute, somewhat hairy; 
the end one very large, elongated, petioled. Common 
petiole channelled, hairy, with small hooked prickles. Sti¬ 
pules in pairs, linear, acute, very narrow. Peduncles soli¬ 
tary, opposite to the leaf, an inch long, spreading, hairy, 
one-flowered, without any bractes.—Found in the island of 
Mauritius. 
2. Rubus pinnatus, or pinnate leaved bramble.—Leaves 
quinate-pinnate and ternate, wrinkled, smooth on both sides, 
stem petioles and peduncles prickly, raceme terminating.— 
Its native place is unknown. 
3. Rubus Australis, or South-sea bramble.—Shrubby, 
dioecous, leaves ternate and quinate-pinnate, stem and petioles 
prickly, racemes axillary simple.—Native of New Zealand. 
4. Rubus idseus, or raspberry.—Stems suffruticose, bi¬ 
ennial, upright, round, aculeate-hispid, or thick set with 
small prickles, two feet high: they produce fruit the second 
year, after which they lie down. Leaflets rhomb-ovate, 
acute, marked with lines, unequally serrate, white under¬ 
neath. Petioles pubescent, prickly. Peduncles hispid. 
Flowers in panicles. Calyx tomentose, acuminate. Petals 
small, white, blunt, flat. Fruit red, grateful to the smell 
and taste, deciduous, bristly with the permanent styles, placed 
upon a conical receptacle. 
The raspberry, was anciently called raspis or raspis-berry, 
and in some countries hind-berry ; also framboise from the 
French. 
Native of many parts of Europe in rocky mountains, 
moist situations, woods and hedges. With us it is plentiful. 
The raspberry flowers in May and June. 
The fruit is grateful to most palates, as nature presents it, 
but sugar improves the flavour; accordingly it is much 
esteemed when made into a sweetmeat. The ripe fruit is 
fragrant, subacid and cooling, allays heat and thirst, and 
promotes the natural excretions, in common with other 
summer fruits. 
5. Rubus occidentalis, or Virginian raspberry.— Leaves 
tern, tomentose underneath, petioles round.—The Virginian 
raspberry rises with purplish stalks, a little higher than the 
common sort. The leaves are of a lucid green on their upper 
side, but hoary on their under; their foot-stalks are taper; 
the fruit is of a deep black when ripe, has little flavour, and 
ripens late in autumn.—Native of North America. 
6. Rubus triphyllus, or three-leaved bramble.—Leaves 
ternate, tomentose underneath, leaflets ovate, gashed, toothed, 
branches, petioles and peduncles villose and prickly.—Stem 
suffruticose, smooth, prickly. Branches weak, from flexuose- 
upriglit. Flowers at the ends of the branchlets, in a sort of 
panicle. Calyxes tomentose, hispid.—Native of Japan. 
7. Rubus tomentosus, or downy bramble.—Leaves ternate 
obovate, acute, unequally toothed, tomentose, on both sides, 
the lateral ones somewhat gashed.—Native of Germany and 
Switzerland. 
8. Rubus hispidus, or bristly bramble.—Leaves ternate, 
naked, stems and petioles very hispid with stiffish prickles.— 
The stems have long procumbent woody shoots like those 
of the vine; these, together with the petioles, have stiff 
bristles scattered over them. The peduncles also are hispid. 
—Native of Canada. 
Vol. XXII. No. 1512. 
425 
9. Rubus parvifolius, or small leaved bramble.—Leaves 
ternate, tomentose underneath, stem rough-haired, with 
recurved prickles, on that and the petioles.—Native of the 
East Indies. 
10. Rubus sanctus, or Palestine bramble.—Leaves ternate, 
and simple, tomentose underneath, recurved prickles on the 
stem and petioles.—Native of Palestine, Candia, &c. 
11. Rubus Jamaicensis, or Jamaica bramble.—Leaves qui- 
nate or ternate, tomentose underneath, stem, petioles, and 
leaves pubescent, with recurved prickles, panicles diffused.— 
Native of Jamaica and the neighbouring islands. 
12. Rubus caesius..or dewberry bramble.—Leaves ternate, 
hairy underneath, the lateral ones two-lobed, stem prickly, 
prostrate glaucous.—The dewberry has weaker trailing stalks 
than the common bramble.—The leaflets are larger. The 
fruit is smaller, with few larger acini, and is of a deeper 
black colour. Fruit black with a bright blue tinge or bloom, 
composed of few large grains. Its flavour is agreeably acid, 
without the faint taste of the common blackberry.—Native 
of Europe. 
13. Rubus corylifolius, or hazel-leaved bramble.—Leaves 
subquinate, hairy underneath, the lateral ones sessile, prickles 
straightish, calyxes of the fruit bent back. 
14. Rubus fruticosus, or common bramble.—Leaves sub¬ 
quinate, tomentose underneath, leaflets petioled, prickles 
hooked, stem angular, calyx bent back.—Common bramble 
has very long, trailing or rather arching, woody stems, of 
a purplish hue, as in the preceding, but much more tough, 
with the angles more strongly marked, and the prickles 
hooked. Panicles' many-flowered, subracemed, tomentose. 
Calyx short, always reflexed both in flower and fruit, con¬ 
cave, tomentose. Petals pale purple, blush coloured or 
pink ; sometimes white. Fruit of a dark violet colour, with 
a mawkish sweet taste, composed of very numerous acini 
or grains. 
The bramble is found in almost every hedge and thicket, 
flowering in July and August. The fruit ripens early in 
September; there are several varieties. 
15. Rubus villosus, or hairy bramble.—Leaves quinate, 
elliptic, acuminate, sharply serrate, villose on both sides, 
stems and petioles prickly.—Native of North America. It 
flowers here in July. 
16. Rubus Canadensis, or Canadian raspberry.—Leaves 
digitate in tens, five and threes, stem unarmed. Stem 
purplish. Leaflets lanceolate, naked on both sides, very thin 
sharply serrate. Bractes lanceolate. Stipules linear, prickly. 
—Native of Canada. 
17. Rubus odoratus, or flowering raspberry.—Root pe¬ 
rennial, creeping. Stems many, from four to seven feet 
high, about the size of a man’s little finger, covered with a 
smooth bark of a light brown colour, and branching out a 
little towards the top. Leaves six inches long, and seven 
inches broad, cut into three, four or five angular lobes, end¬ 
ing in acute points, serrate, having several veins arising 
from the midrib, running upwards diverging towards the 
borders, deep green above, but light green and smooth 
beneath; on foot-stalks four inches long, coming out 
alternately. Flowers in loose terminating bunches, each on 
a long peduncle. Petals large, roundish, of a light purple 
colour. 
The fruit is rarely produced with us; but in North America, 
its native country, it is like the common raspberry, only not 
so pleasant. It flowers from June to September. 
18. Rubus moluccanus.—Leaves simple, cordate, sublobed, 
stem prickly, decumbent.—Branches upright, hirsute, with 
minute recurved prickles. Leaves alternate, blunt, lobed or 
sublobed, serrate, smooth and wrinkled above, veined and 
downy-ash-coloured beneath. Petioles tomentose, prickly, 
the length of the leaf. Flowers scattered in the axils and 
terminating, solitary and racemed. Berry small, roundish, 
red.—Native of Amboina, Java, Ceylon, Japan, and Co- 
chinchina. 
19. Rubus microphyllus.—Shrubby, prickly, smooth, 
leaves simple, cordate, ovate, blunt, sublobate, peduncles 
solitary, one-flowered.—Stem frutescent, upright, from two 
5 Q to 
