438 
R U L 
R U M 
Or, if your influence be quite damm’d np 
With black usurping mists, some gentle taper, 
Though a rush-candle from the wicker hole 
Of some clay habitation, visit us 
With thy long-levell’d rule of streaming light! Milton. 
Canon; precept by which the thoughts or actions are di¬ 
rected.— we owe to Christianity the discovery of the most 
certain and perfect rule of life. Tillotson. —A rule that 
relates even to the smallest part of our life, is of great benefit 
to us, merely as it is a rule. Law. —Regularity. Not in 
use. 
Some say he’s mad; others, that lesser hate him, 
Do call it valiant fury ; but for certain, 
He cannot buckle his distemper’d cause 
Within the belt of rule. Skakspeare. 
RULE OF THREE. See Arithmetic, p. 170. 
To RULE, v. a. To govern; to control ; to manage 
with power and authority. 
Marg’ret shall now be queen and rule the king ; 
But I will rule both her, the king, and realm. Shakspeare. 
A greater power now rul'd him. Milton.- —To manage; 
to conduct.-—He sought to take unto him the ruling of the 
affairs. 1 Mac. —To settle as by a rule. Had he done it 
with the pope’s licence, his adversaries must have been silent; 
for that’s a ruled case with the schoolmen. Atterbury. — 
To mark with lines: as, ruled paper, ruled parchment. 
Barret. 
To RULE, v. n. To have power or command: with 
over. —He can have no divine right to my obedience, who 
cannot shew his divine right to the power of ruling over 
me. Locke. 
RULE, a river of Scotland in Roxburghshire, which rises 
on the borders of the parish of Southdean, and England, 
and, after a course of about 20 miles, falls into theTeviot at 
Manslees. It abounds with excellent trout. 
RULER, s. Governor; one that has the supreme com¬ 
mand.—Soon rulers grow proud, and in their pride foolish. 
Sidney. 
The pompous mansion was design’d 
To please the mighty rulers of mankind ; 
Inferior temples use on either hand. Addison 
An instrument, by the direction of which lines are drawn. 
—They know how to draw a straight line between two 
points by the side of a ruler. Moxon. 
RULES OF COURT, in Law, are certain orders made, 
from time to time, in the courts of law, which attorneys are 
bound to observe, in order to avoid confusion; and both 
the plaintiff and defendant are at their peril also bound 
to pay obedience to rules made in court relating to the cause 
depending between them. It is to be observed, that no 
court will make a rule for any thing that may be done in 
the ordinary course; and that if a rule be made, grounded 
upon an affidavit, the other side may move the court against 
it, in order to vacate the same, and thereupon shall bring 
into court a copy of the affidavit and rule. On the breach 
and contempt of a rale of court,an attachment lies; but it is 
not granted for disobedience to a rule, when the party has 
r.ot been personally served; nor for disobeying a rule made 
by a judge in his chamber, which is not of force to ground 
a motion upon, unless the same be entered. A rule of court 
is granted every day, whilst the courts of Westminster sit, to 
prisoners of the King’s-bench, or Fleet-prison, to go at large 
about their private affairs. 
RULLY, a small town in the east of France, department of 
of the Soane and Loire. Population 1300. 
RULTZHEIM, a large village of the Bavarian province 
of the Rhine. Population 1500; 11 miles east of Landau. 
RU'LY, adj. Moderate; quiet; orderly. This is a 
proper word, as opposed to unruly; and is old in the lan¬ 
guage. Cotgrave and Sherwood both have it. Todd. But 
it is quite obsolete. , 
RUM, A queer or old-fashioned person; transferred 
also to things, as to an old book. Todd. 
Pm grown a mere mopus; no company comes, 
Bat a rabble of tenants and rusty dull ruins. Swift. 
You’re a rare rum, [to Dr. Mills.] Swift —The books, 
which booksellers call rums, appear to be very numerous. 
Nichols. A kind of spirits distilled from molasses .—Rum 
is the name it bears among the native Americans. Chambers. 
Bryan Edwards, in his “ History of the West Indies,” 
vol. ii., has given the following account of the process for 
extracting rum from the sugar-cane. He commences his 
account with observing, that the still-houses on the sugar- 
plantations in the British West Indies, vary greatly in point 
of size and expense, according to the fancy of the proprietor, 
or the magnitude of the property. In general, however, 
they are built in a substantial manner of, stone, and are com¬ 
monly equal to the boiling and curing-houses together. For 
a plantation making, communibus minis., 200 hogsheads of 
sugar of 1600 weight, our author conceives, that two copper 
stills, the one of 1200, and the other of 600 gallons, wine 
measure, with proportionate pewter worms, are sufficient. 
The size of the tanks (or tubs) for containing the cold water 
in which the worms are immersed, must depend upon cir¬ 
cumstances; if the advantage can be obtained of a running 
stream, the water may be kept abundantly cool in a 
vessel barely large enough to contain the worm. If the 
plantation has no other dependance than pond-water, a stone 
tank is much superior to a tub, as being longer in heating, 
and if it can be made to contain from twenty to thirty thou¬ 
sand gallons, the worms of both the stills may be placed in 
the same body of water, and kept cool enough for con¬ 
densing the spirit, by occasional supplies of fresh water. 
For working these stills and worms, it is necessary to pro¬ 
vide, first, a dunder-cisfern, of at least 3000 gallons; 
secondly, a cistern for the scummings; and, lastly, twelve 
fermenting vats, or cisterns, each of them of the contents of 
the largest still, viz. 1200 gallons. In Jamaica, cisterns are 
made of plank, fixed in clay ; and are universally preferred 
to vats or moveable vessels, for the purpose of fermenting. 
They are not so easily affected by the changes of the weather, 
nor so liable to leak as vats, and they last much longer. To 
complete the apparatus, it is necessary to add two or more 
copper pumps for conveying the liquor from the cisterns, 
and pumping up the dunder, and also butts or other vessels 
for securing the spirit when obtained; and it is usual to build 
a rum-store adjoining the still-house. 
The ingredients or materials for the process consist of 
molasses, or treacle drained from the sugar; scummings of 
the hot cane juice, from the boiling-house, or sometimes 
raw cane liquor, from canes expressed for the purpose: lees, 
or, as it is called in Jamaica, <e dunder,” from the Spanish 
re dunder, the same as redundans in Latin; and water. 
Dunder, in the making of rum, serves the purpose of yeast in 
the fermentation of flour. It is the lees or feculencies of 
former distillations: and some planters preserve it for use 
from one crop to another; but this is said to be a bad prac¬ 
tice. Some fermented liquor, composed of sweets and 
water alone, ought to be distilled in the first instance, that 
fresh dunder may be obtained. This is a dissolvent men¬ 
struum, and occasions the sweets with which it is combined, 
whether molasses or scummings, to yield a far greater pro¬ 
portion of spirit than can be obtained without its assistance. 
The water which is added acts in some degree in the same 
manner by dilution. 
In the Windward islands, the process, we are told, is 
conducted as follows:—the ingredients, vR. scummings, one- 
third ; lees or dunder, one-third, and one-third of water, are 
well mixed in the fermenting cisterns, and when they are 
pretty cool, the fermentation will rise, in 24 hours, to a 
proper height for admitting the first charge of molasses, 
of which, six gallons for every hundred gallons of the.fer¬ 
menting liquor, is the general proportion to be given at 
twice; viz. three per cent, at the first charge, and the other 
seven 
