RUM 
RUM 
^ranches. The flowers are disposed in loose spikes ; some 
of which have only male flowers, and others hermaphrodite. 
_Native of Egypt and Barbary, in corn-fields. 
20. Rumex tingitanus, or tangier dock.—Flowers herm¬ 
aphrodite, distinct; valves cordate, blunt, quite entire; 
leaves hastate-ovate; root perennial; stems branched, striated, 
procumbent; flowers in clustered whorls, nodding.—Native 
of Spain and Barbary. 
. 21. Rumex scutate, or French sorrel.—Flowers herm¬ 
aphrodite ; leaves cordate-hastate; stem round.—The root 
of French sorrel is hard, fibrous, perennial; stem from a 
foot to eighteen inches in height.; flowers in a sort of whorls, 
forming, all together, spike-shaped racemes, nodding, and 
coming out three or four together on capillary pedicels.— 
Native of Germany, Switzerland, Italy, the South of France, 
and Rarbary. 
22. Rumex nervosus, or nerve-leaved dock.—Flowers 
hermaphrodite, valves quite entire, naked: leaves oblong, 
three-nerved.—Stem suffruticose. Panicle terminating. Pe¬ 
dicels capillary, thickened under the flower, longer than the 
fruit.—Native of the mountains of Lapland, England, Wales, 
Scotland, Switzerland, Silesia, Dauphine, Piedmont, and 
Siberia. 
23. Rumex dygynus. Mountain dock or sorrel .—Flowers 
hermaphrodite two-styled ; valves ovate entire. 
24. Rumex lanceolatus, or lance-leaved dock.—Leaves 
•lanceolate reflex margined, stem angular.-—Found at the Cape 
of Good Hope. 
III. With diclinous, or male and female flowers separate. 
25. Rumex Alpinus. Alpine dock, or monk’s rhubarb.— 
Flowers barren hermaphrodite and female; valves quite en¬ 
tire naked; leaves cordate, obtuse wrinkled.—Alpine dock, 
vulgarly called monk’s rhubarb, from its having been used 
formerly for the same purposes as the true rhubarb, has a 
very large perennial or biennial root, three or four inches in 
thickness, branched, woody, yellow within?funning 'hori¬ 
zontally. Flowers very abundant and close in panicles. 
—Native of France, Switzerland, Silesia, Piedmont, and 
Siberia. 
26. Rumex spinosus, or prickly seeded dock. Flowers 
androgynous, female calyxes one-leaved, outer valves reflexed 
and hooked.—Calyx of the male flowers has the leaflets 
ovate, blunt, not reflexed, but spreading.—It is an annual 
plant.—Native of the island of Candia or Crete. 
27. Rumex tuberosus, or tuberous-rooted dock.—Flowers 
dioecous; leaves lanceolate sagittate, hooks spreading.—This 
is so nearly allied to rumex acetosa, that it seems as if it were 
a mule plant derived from that.—Native of Italy. 
28. Rumex multifidus. Multifid-leaved dock, or sorrel.— 
Flowers dioecous; leaves hastate, with the earlets palmate. 
—Native of the mountains of Calabria, Tuscany, and the 
Levant. 
29. Rumex thyrsoides. Thyrse-like dock or sorrel.— 
Flowers dioecous; panicle contracted in manner of a thyrse; 
leaves hastate. Stem simple, upright striated.—Native of 
Barbary, in uncultivated fields. 
30. Rumex acetosa, or common sorrel.—Flowers dioecous, 
valves graniferous, leaves oblong sagittate.—Root perennial, 
running deep into the earth. Stem mostly simple, erect, 
from one to two feet high. -Sorrel is common in meadows 
and pastures, through the greater part of Europe, in almost 
all soils and situations; flowering early in June. 
31. Rumex acetosella, or sheep’s sorrel.—Flowers dioecous, 
valves grainless, leaves lanceolate-hastate. Sheep’s sorrel is 
less by half than the common sorrel. Root creeping, per¬ 
ennial.—-Native of Europe, in dry, gravelly, and sandy pas¬ 
tures, banks and fallows, &c. 
32. Rumex aculeatus. Prickly dock, or Candia sorrel.— 
Flowers dioecous; fruits reflexed, valves ciliate; leaves lan¬ 
ceolate petioled.—This resembles the preceding, but the 
leaves are attenuated at the base, without hooks. The inner 
valves of the female flowers are ciliate, with very small 
prickles.—Native of the island of Crete or Candia, and of 
Spain. 
. Von. XXII. No. 1513. 
441 
33. Rumex luxurians. Luxuriant dock, or buckwheat¬ 
leaved sorrel.—Flowers dioecous; outer valves awl-shaped, 
inner orbicular; leaves cordate hastate, stems angular dif¬ 
fused.—This has a tuberous root. Stem from a foot to 
eighteen inches in height. 
34. Rumex arifolius, or halbert-leaved dock.-—Flowers 
dioecous; all the leaves petioled hastate, with simple divari¬ 
cate earlets, stem upright.—Native of Africa. 
35. Rumex bipinnatus, or bipinnate-leaved dock.—Flowers 
dioecous, leaves bipinnate. Root perennial. Stems a span 
high, ascending, even.—Native of Morocco. 
36. Rumex hostilis. Flowers dioecous, valves naked. 
Stem prickly, three feet high, upright, round. Flowers in 
spikes; all the valves naked, quite entire, smooth, unarmed. 
—Native of Cochinchina. 
Propagation and Culture. —All the docks rise easily 
from seeds, and if introduced into a garden, will become 
troublesome weeds, if their seeds be permitted to scatter; 
therefore few persons care to propagate any of them, except 
for their use in medicine or the kitchen. The seeds should 
be sown in autumn, soon after they are ripe. When the 
plants come up, thin them and keep them clean. They all 
delight in a moist rich soil. 
The seeds of docks are to be destroyed by the plough, the 
harrow, and the roller; but the intervals between the piough- 
ings should be short, for if they once get themselves esta¬ 
blished in the soil, it is, without a favourable season, out of 
the power of tillage to extirpate them. 
RUMFORD COUNT. See Thompson. 
RUMFORD. See Romford. 
RUMFORD, formerly the name of Concord, a town of 
the United States, in New Hampshire. 
RUMFORD, a township of the United States, in Oxford 
county, Maine; 215 miles north-north-east of Boston. Po¬ 
pulation 629. 
RUMFORD, a river of the United States, in Massachusetts, 
which runs south-south-east into Taunton river, south of 
Taunton. 
RUMFORD ACADEMY, a post village of the United 
States, in King William county, Virginia. 
RUMICHACA, an abundant river of Quito, in the pro¬ 
vince of Pastes, which runs east, and enters the Grande de 
Patia. 
RUMIGNY, a small town in the north-east of France, 
department of the Ardennes. Population 800; 14 miles 
south-west of Rocroy. 
RUM-ILL See Romagna. 
RUMILI-HISSAR, a castle of European Turkey, situated 
on the right bank of the Bosphorus, for the protection of that 
strait. 
RUMILI-KEVAK, another castle of European Turkey, 
ulso on the Bosphorus. It was built by the Genoese, and is 
now almost in ruins. 
RUMILLY, a small town in Savoy; 19 miles north of 
Chamberry, and? west-south-west of Annecy, situated at the 
conflux of the rivers Serau and Nepha. It contains 3100 
inhabitants, and stands in a pleasant district, for the products 
of which, particularly corn, it affords a market. 
RU'MINANT, ridj. [ruminant, Fr. ruminans, Latin.] 
Having the property of chewing the cud.— ■Ruminant crea¬ 
tures have a power of directing the peristaltick motion 
upwards and downwards. Ray. 
RU'MINANT, $. An animal that chews the cud.—The 
description given of the muscular part of the gullet, is very 
exact in ruminants , but not in men. Derkam. 
The homed ruminants have all four stomachs appropriated 
to the office of digestion, viz. 1. The KoiXia yefaX-q of 
Aristotle, the rumen, venter magnus, or what we call the 
paunch, or inward, which receives the meat slightly chewed, 
•retains it awhile, and then delivers it back again into the 
mouth, in the form of what we call the cud, to be re-chewed. 2. 
The KSK^vipaXot;, or reticulum, which we call the honeycomb , 
from its internal coat being divided into cells like honey¬ 
combs. 3. The which Mr. Ray thinks has been 
wrongly translated, omasus,, and which he chooses to cal! 
5 U the 
