feus 
learning. This is too plebeian an association, therefore, for a 
Russian nobleman to be connected with. A few of the bet¬ 
ter instructed and more liberal minded individuals, notwith¬ 
standing, attend the public lectures of the professors, and no 
doubt in time this practice will become general. 
Having thus described the present state of Russia, and 
briefly detailed its past history, it remains to make a few 
observations on the probable duration of this gigantic power. 
Those who have watched the balance of power in Europe, 
have long been affrighted at the prospect of a state gradually 
acquiring the arts necessary to war; possessing an innumera¬ 
ble army of inflexible automata, almost religiously devoted to 
their leaders, setting no bounds to its encroachments but those 
which resistance compels it to submit to, and which is govern¬ 
ed by men whose proclaimed opinion is, hatred of all limita¬ 
tions of sovereign power, far more of republican govern¬ 
ment. It has been almost predicted, that these Scythian 
hordes shall enact on the stage of Europe a drama similar to 
that which their forefathers played with the falling Romans, 
and that the tide of happiness and civilization shall again be 
rendered stationary for ages by the ascendancy of barbarians. 
Others, on the other hand, see nothing formidable in the 
Russian power: they repeat, 1st. That however numerous its 
subjects may be, an effective force cannot be sent out of the 
country for any purposes of mischief without immense 
supplies of money, and that in this main source of war, 
Russia cannot compete with more civilized countries. 2 d. That 
the progress of commerce and its necessary attendant educa¬ 
tion, though they may hereafter supply Russia with wealth, 
will, at the same time, destroy the brutish inclination for 
war and plunder, will probably excite divisions and dis¬ 
memberments, attempts at popular government, and the 
like. 
In our opinion, if the fear of the first class of writers be 
excessive and absurd, the confidence of the second is, never¬ 
theless, too little bounded. It must be a long time ere 
Tartars and Kozaks can be so far instructed as to learn that 
peaceful trade is a more direct road to wealth and happiness, 
than fighting and plundering. There is no education that will 
teach men out of their desire for property. However rapidly 
civilization may advance in the greater towns and in trading 
districts, all the more polished classes will still be glad to use 
their vast population of serfs as instruments of encroach¬ 
ments on the rights or acquisitions of their foreign rivals. The 
minor states of the continent can never be safe until the 
boors of Russia are converted into freemen, jealous of poli¬ 
tical influence, and emancipated from the thraldom of 
religious and monarchical bigotry. It seems, therefore, to be 
the especial duties of all the European governments, 1st. To 
resist any accessions that might possess Russia too soon with 
commerce (_ whence wealth and navies follow). 2d. To use 
every allowable means to instruct and enlighten the Russian 
people. At the present season, it is absolutely necessary to 
prevent, if possible, the union of Greece with Russia, and 
rather to secure the former country to Turkey than allow any 
change of masters. With respect to the education of Russia, 
our Bible Societies have already received the encouragement 
and aid of the sovereign. When zeal becomes better di¬ 
rected, and the teaching our Saviour’s doctrines begins at 
the right end, we may probably be allowed to instil precepts 
of a temporal nature, highly conducive to national happiness. 
RUSSIA, Black, was formerly the name of a subdivision 
of Lithuania, which now forms a considerable part of the 
government of Minsk, in European Russia. 
RUSSIA, Great, the former name of a large province of 
European Russia, which comprehended the immense track 
extending from the Frozen ocean to about the middle of 
the course of the Don. It is now divided into 19 govern¬ 
ments, and still forms the largest and most populous por¬ 
tion of this empire to the west of Siberia. 
RUSSIA, Little, was that part of the empire that lay 
to the south of Great Russia, and now forms the govern¬ 
ments of Czernigov, (Jherson, Kiev, Ekaterinoslav, and 
Poltava. 
Vol. XXII. No. 1517. 
I fe U S , 493 
RUSSIA, Red, was formerly an independent duchy, but 
which belonged to Poland after 1396. It formed the 
palatinates of Chelm, Belcz, and Lemberg, and now be¬ 
longs partly to Russia, but more to Austria. 
RUSSIA, White, was a part of Lithuania, which now 
forms the governments of Smolensk, Mohilev, Vitepsk, and 
a small part of that of Minsk. 
RUSSIA, a township of the United States, in Herkimer 
county. New York. Population 1381; 26 miles north of 
Herkimer. 
RUSSNAKS, one of the various tribes that constitute the 
rural population of Hungary and Transylvania. They are 
divided into two classes, but are all found among the moun¬ 
tains, and are all characterised by the ignorance and back¬ 
wardness common to a poor and oppressed people. Those 
of Transylvania are likely to lose gradually their distinctive 
character, as they coalesce easily with the Walachians. The 
Russnaks are said to have been originally peasants who fled 
from Red Russia to escape the hardships imposed on them 
by the Polish and Russian landholders. 
RUSSOOLPORE, a town of Hindostan, province of 
Oude. Lat. 25. 57. N. long. 74. 58. E. 
RUSSOU, a town of Hindostan, province of Nepaul, on 
the Thibet frontier. Lat. 28. 3. N. long. 85. 40. E. 
RUSSWYL, a petty town of the interior of Switzerland; 
9 miles west-by-north of Lucerne. 
RUST, s. [jnijfc. Sax.] The red desquamation of old 
iron. 
But Pallas came in shape of rust. 
And ’twixt the spring and hammer thrust. 
Her Gorgon shield, which made the cock 
Stand stiff, as ’twere transformed to stock. Hudibras. 
The tarnished or corroded surface of any metal. 
By dint of sword his crown he shall increase. 
And scour his armour from the rust of peace. Dry den. 
Loss of power by inactivity. Matter bred by corruption 
or degeneration.—Let her see thy sacred truths cleared from 
rust and dross of human mixtures. King Charles. 
To RUST, v. n. [jiupcian.] To gather rust; to 
have the surface tarnished or corroded. 
Her fallow leas, 
The darnel hemlock, and rank fumitory 
Doth rest upon, while that the culter rusts, 
That should deracinate such savagery. Shakspeare.. 
To degenerate in idleness. 
Must I rust in Egypt; never more 
Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece ? Dryden. 
To RUST, v. a. To make rusty.—Keep up your bright 
swords, for the dew will rust them. Shakspeare. —To 
impair by time or inactivity. 
RUST, a small town of the west of Hungary. The en¬ 
virons produce a delicate quality of wine, which is made 
with great care, and is esteemed little inferior to Tokay. 
Population 1100; 31 miles south-south-east of Vienna, and 
4 east-north-east of Oedenburgh. Lat. 47. 40. 40. N. long. 
16. 28. 11. E. 
RUST, a small town of the west of Germany, in Baden, 
with 1500 inhabitants; 20 miles north-north-west of Frey- 
burg, and 4 west of Ettenheim. 
IlUST, a small island in the North sea; about 70 miles 
from the coast of Norway, in Lat. 67.5. N. 
RUSTAN, a village of Schirvan, in Persia; 14 miles 
north of Derbend. 
RUSTENBERG, a small town of Prussian Saxony, in 
the Upper Eiehsfeld; 9 miles west of Heiligenstadt. 
RUSTHALL, a hamlet of England, in Kent, near Tun¬ 
bridge Wells. 
RU'STIC, ad). [rusticus , Lat. rustique, Fr.] Rural; 
country.—By Lelius’ willing missing was the odds of the 
Iberian side, and continued so in the next by the excellent 
running of a knight, though fostered so by the muses, as many 
6 K times 
