RUT 
and 3 miles where broadest; bounded on the north by Mous- 
wald and Dalton, on the east by Cummertrees, and on the 
west by Caerlaverock. It contains 12§ square miles, or 
0602 Scots acres. The ground enjoys a fine south exposure, 
and the soil is in general, when properly managed and ma¬ 
nured, sufficiently fertile. The sea has receded above a mile 
from its former coast, and many green fields now appear, 
where, not above 70 or 80 years ago, the tides flowed over 
a surface of sand. The village of Ruthwell, formerly a long 
straggling dirty place, has been lately rebuilt on both sides 
of the road from Port Patrick to England, by the earl of 
Mansfield, who is the proprietor of the greater part of the 
parish. Population 1184. 
RUTICILLA. See Muscicapa. 
RUTIGLIANO, a small town of Italy, in the east of the 
kingdom of Naples, in the province of Bari. Population 
4300; 20 miles west of Monopoli. 
RU'TILANT, adj. [rutilans, Lat.] Shining. Coles. 
—Parchments—coloured with this rutilant mixture. 
Evelyn. 
To RU'TILATE, v. n. [rutilo , Lat.] To shine; to 
appear bright; and, actively, to make bright. Cockeram, 
and Coles. Not in use. 
RUTILE, in Mineralogy, Titane Buthile of Brongniart, 
an oxyd of titanium: it is of a dark blue-red colour, inclin¬ 
ing to brown, with a degree of metallic splendour : the lon¬ 
gitudinal fracture is foliated; the cross fracture conchoidal 
and unequal. It is opaque or slightly translucent, and some¬ 
times sufficiently hard to scratch quartz. The specific gra¬ 
vity is from 4.18 to 4.24. Rutile is infusible by the blow¬ 
pipe, but with the addition of borax it melts into a yellow 
glass. It is found crystallized: the primitive form of the 
crystals is a right-angled prism. Sometimes two crystals are 
united by their extremities, forming a kind of twin-crystal. 
It also occurs in extremely minute capillary crystals, which 
are either divergent or reticulated, but sometimes single, and 
are imbedded in quartz and rock crystal. From the analysis 
of Klaproth, it appears to be a pure oxyd of titanium. This 
mineral is found near Limoges, in France; in Hungary; at 
St. Gothard, in Switzerland; on the Carpathian mountains, 
near Burgos, in Spain; in Siberia; on the summit of Sierra 
de Avilla, in New Granada in South America, and in South 
Carolina in North America. 
RUTILIUS NUMATIANUS (Claudius), a Latin poet, 
was the son of a Gaul of high rank, probably a native of 
Toulouse. Rutilius rose to high employments at the Roman 
court, was a military tribune, master of the offices, prefect 
praetorio, and about the year 414, was prefect of Rome. 
The empire in his time was overrun by the Visigoths under 
the dreaded Alaric and his successors; and Rutilius, for the 
purpose of succouring his distressed native country, took a 
journey from Rome to Gaul, of which he wrote a description 
in elegiac verse. It consisted of two books, of which the 
greater part of the latter is lost. Nothing more is known of 
his history. The work gives a favourable impression of the 
writer, who was a Pagan ; and though he has undergone 
censure from the ecclesiastical writers for the reflexions he 
has made on the monks on the island of Capraria (see 
Gibbon, ch. 29.), and on the Jewish Sabbath as a com¬ 
memoration “ lassati Dei,” yet they will scarcely offend a 
rational Christian. His verse is more elegant than the com¬ 
mon standard of his age, and though the subject does not 
admit of much poetry, he displays taste and ingenuity. 
The “ Itinerarium” of Rutilius, of which the MS. was dis¬ 
covered in 1494, at a monastery in Bobbio, has been several 
times published. The best editions are those of Castalio, 
Borne, 4to., 1582, and the Variorum, Amst. 8vo., 1687. It 
is contained in Burmann’s “ Poetse minores,” and in Mait- 
faire’s “ Corpus Poetarum.” Vossii Hist. Lat. Moreri. 
lYibhoyr. Diet. 
RUTILUS; the roach. See Cy primus. 
RUTLAMGUR, a town of Hindostan, province of Mal- 
wah, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lat. 23. 46. N. long. 75. 
26. E. 
• Vol. XXII. No. 15-17. 
RUT 497 
RUTLAND, a small island near the west coast of Ireland, 
and county of Donegal, with a village. Lat. 54. 58. N. 
long. 8 . 22. W. 
RUTLAND, a county of the United States, on the west 
side of Vermont, bounded north by Addison county, east 
by Windsor county, south by Bennington county, and 
west by New York and Lake Champlain. Population 
29,486. 
RUTLAND, a township of the United States, and capital 
of Rutland county, Vermont, on the Otter creek; 55 miles 
from its mouth. In the central part of the town there is a 
pleasant village, situated on a high and commanding hill. 
It contains a court-house, a meeting-house, and an academy, 
and has some trade. Pipe clay is found in this town. A 
weekly paper is published here. Population 2397; 45 miles 
west-by-north of Windsor, and 60 south-south-west of 
Montpellier. Lat. 43.36. N. long. 72. 57. W. 
RUTLAND, a township of the United States in Worces¬ 
ter county, Massachusetts. Population 1231; 52 miles west 
of Boston. 
RUTLAND, a township of the United States, in Jefferson 
county. New York, on Black river; 170 miles north-west 
of Albany. Population 1600. 
RUTLAND, a township of the United States, in Gallia 
county, Ohio. 
RUTLANDSHIRE, one of the central counties of 
England, is bounded on the north, north-west, west, and 
south-west, by Leicestershire; on the south and south-east 
by Northamptonshire ; and on the east and north-east by 
the county of Lincoln. It is the smallest shire in the king¬ 
dom, extending only about 18 miles in length and 15 in 
breadth ; its circumference being 60 miles, which gives an 
area of 200 square miles, or 128,000 acres. 
The history of this county, in remote times, is so inti¬ 
mately connected with that of the surrounding counties, 
that they can scarce! y be separated. Previous to the arrival 
of the Romans, it formed part of the territories of the 
Coritani; and a'ter the latter were forced to submit to 
the imperial authority, it was included in the province of 
Flavia-Caesariensis. During the Saxon heptarchy, it formed 
part of the kingdom of Mercia, under eighteen successive 
monarchs; and when the Saxon kingdoms became united 
into one, it seems to have belonged to the crown; as we 
find that Edw-ard the Confessor bequeathed it to his queen 
Edith, and after her demise to Westminster Abbey. His 
will, which is still extent says, “ I will, that after the de¬ 
cease of queen Eadgith my consort, Rotelond, with all its 
appurtenances, be given to my monastery of St. Peter, and 
be surrendered, without delay, to the abbot and monks there 
serving God, for ever.” So anxious, indeed, was the king 
to secure this obituary grant to the abbey, that he endea¬ 
voured to render more certain the observance of his will by 
a kind of anterior deed of gift, bearing date in the 25th 
year of his reign. This grant, however, was but of short 
duration, for when William the Conqueror ascended the 
throne, he resumed possession of Rutlandshire as crown land, 
and merely allowing the monastery to receive the tithes, di¬ 
vided if among some of his nearest relatives, and his most 
powerful adherents. These first Norman grantees were 
Robert Malet, great chamberlain of England; Gilbert de 
Gaunt; Earl Hugh ; Aubrey, the clerk, and several others. 
Some manors were likewise granted to the conqueror’s niece 
Judith, afterwards countess of Huntingdon; and to Maud, 
Countess of Albemarle, his half sister. Considerable pos¬ 
sessions, however, were reserved to the crown ; and in the 
reign of Edward II. it possessed the hundreds of Martinsley, 
Alsto, and East hundred, all of which that monarch granted 
to the lady Margaret, wife of Piers de Gaveston, duke of ’ 
Cornwall, to be held by her during the royal pleasure. The' 
hundred of Wrangdyke was then the property of Guy de 
Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, but his son Thomas being 
a minor at his father’s death, Edward gave that estate to' 
Hugh Spencer the elder, on the pretence of its being in 
6 L satisfaction 
