498 
RUT 
satisfaction of a debt due to him of 6770/. During those 
transactions, the present hundred of Oakham-Soke is never 
mentioned: it is therefore conjectured to have formed part 
of Martinsley hundred. 
The appearance of this small county is pleasing to the 
traveller. It is much diversified by ranges of moderate hills, 
running from east to west, in some parts well timbered. Be¬ 
tween these ranges of hills the valleys, of about half a mile 
in breadth, are luxuriant and verdant. The principal vale, 
called Catmose, is in the centre of the county, having to the 
north a tract of table land, overlooking the well wooded plains 
of Leicester, Lincoln, and Nottinghamshire. The eastern 
part is more diversified; the southern division of it consisting 
of a beautiful valley, stretching towards Northamptonshire, 
and the western, bordering on Leicestershire, being abun¬ 
dantly wooded. 
The soil on the east and south-east parts is chiefly shallow, 
resting upon a basis of limestone composed of clays and 
loams. The other parts consist principally of a tenacious 
but fertile loam; but the vale of Catmose enjoys a most 
fertile soil of good clay, or red loam, or a grateful mixture 
of both those earths. A peculiarity of the soil is a redness 
which generally prevails, and which tinges all the waters of 
the country. 
Mr. Parkinson, surveyor for the Board of Agriculture, 
estimates the land of the county in the following manner, 
-viz. 
Pasture land. 34,861 acres. 
Arable land. 42,536 
Wastes . 30 
Woods. 2,815 
Meadows. 9,356 
Commons. 693 
Plantations . 65 
Lakes and ponds. 44 
The woods of this county were far more extensive in 
former ages than they are at present. The ancient forest of 
Leafield, and the chase of Beaumont, though now under 
the plough, once occupied a great portion of the surface. 
The climate is generally accounted peculiarly soft and 
healthy ; and the elevation is of that medium kind which 
equally exempts it from the pernicious effects of moist exha¬ 
lations and cold mountain fogs. 
The agriculture, though it has partaken of some modern 
improvements, is not conducted, upon the whole, in the 
best manner. In some parts, the reprobated system of two 
corn crops succeeding a fallow is still continued. In other 
parts, after a fallow, barley is sown with clover; the clover 
is mowed two years, or sometimes fed the second year, and 
then, after one ploughing, the land is sown with wheat. 
In some cases, on the lighter lands, the four course system 
of turnips, barley, clover, and wheat, is followed. The wheat 
of Rutlandshire is highly valued for seed, and much in 
request in even very distant counties. Nearly two-thirds of 
the land is tithe free, and in all the late inclosures, provi¬ 
sions to that end have been inserted in the acts of Parliament 
for effecting them. The cows of Rutlandshire are remark¬ 
able for the richness of their milk, though they yield but a 
small quantity. The rich cheese, commonly known as 
Stilton, is chiefly made in the dairies of this county. As 
many oxen are brought from the more northern countries, 
and fattened in Rutlandshire, as are bred within it: the 
annual number of each is from 2700 to 3000. The sheep 
are more numerous in proportion than horned cattle. Mr. 
Parkinson calculated them to be about 80,000; consisting 
of old and new Leicesters, of Southdowns, and a few Lin- 
colnshires. It has been remarked, that though the quality 
of the wool has increased in fineness, the diminution in the 
weight of the fleeces has of late years more than counter¬ 
balanced that advantage. 
The small rivulets that water this district run into the two 
rivers, the Guash, or Wash, which passes through it, or the 
Walland, which forms its southern boundary. The latter 
R U T 
river is navigable only to Stamford, on the confines of 
Rutlandshire; but is useful in opening a communication 
with the ocean. A canal has been constructed from Oakham 
to luelton Mowbray, by which a supply of coals has been 
drawn from the mines of Leicestershire. 
Rutlandshire is neither a manufacturing nor a mi¬ 
neral district, but depends exclusively on its agriculture. 
By the returns in 1801, the inhabitants were 16,356; viz. 
7978 males, and 8378 females; in 1811 the numbers were 
16,380, viz. 7931 males, and 8449 females: in 1821 they 
were 18,487, viz. 9223 males, and 9264 females. 
The residences of noblemen and gentlemen in this county 
hold nearly the same proportion as in the other divisions of 
England; the most remarkable are, Ayston, G. B. Breidnell, 
Esq.; Burley on the Hill, Earl of Winchelsea; Cotsmore 
House, Earl of Lonsdale ; Exton, Colonel Noel; Lyndon, 
Thomas Barker, Esq.; Normanton, Sir Gilbert Heathcote; 
Ryall, Matthew Pierrepoint, Esq. 
RUTLEDGE, a township of the United States, and ca¬ 
pital of Granger county, Tennessee. 
RUTNAGIRY, a town of Hindostan, province of Beja- 
pore, on the sea coast of the Concan, now probably in 
possession of the British. Lat. 17. 1. N. long. 73. 3. E. 
t- RUTTEE, a weight used in the East Indies, one hundred 
of which make eighty-eight caracts. See Caract. 
RU'TTER, s. [r up ter, Teut. renter, Germ, retire, old 
French.] A kind of horse-soldier; a rider; a trooper.— 
Neyther shall they be accompanied with a garde of rufielynge 
rutters. Bale. —The Flanders ruyters, or cavaliers, who 
now by Magna Charta were expressly, and by name, ordered 
to be expelled the kingdom, as a nuisance to the realm. 
Vindication of Magna Charta. 
RUTTERKIN, s. A word of contempt. Perhaps from 
the old Fr. rontier, “ one by long practice master of his 
profession, and in every part an old crafty fox, notable 
beguiler, ordinary deceiver." Cotgrave. —Such a rout of 
reguler rutterkins, some bellowing in the quire, some 
muttering, and another sort jetting up and down, to wayte 
when my Ladie shal be readye to see a cast of theyr office 1 
Confut. of N. Shaxton. 
RUTTIER, s. [routiere, Fr.] A direction of the road, or 
of the course at sea; an old traveller well acquainted with 
most ways ; an experienced soldier. Cotgrave. 
RU'TTISII, adj. Wanton; libidinous; salacious; 
lustful; lecherous.—That is an advertisement to one Diana, 
to take heed of the allurement of count Rousillon, a foolish 
idle boy ; but for all that very ruttish. Shakspcare. 
RUTTUNGUNGE.—There are two towns of this name 
in Bengal, but neither of consequence. 
RUTTUNPORE, a town of Hindostan, and capital of a 
small district of the same name, in the province of Gund- 
waneh, and district of Chotusgur. It is governed by a rajah 
who is tributary to the Mahrattas. The present town con¬ 
sists of about i000 houses, but it was formerly a place of 
much greater consequence. In the year 1741, the rajah 
of this place gave an asylum to the family of Moorshud 
Cooly, the deputy-governor of Cuttack, when expelled by 
the usurper Aly Verdy Khan ; but in the year 1760, a party 
of French who had made their escape from Bengal, and 
were proceeding by this route, were, through the influence 
of the Mahrattas, stopped, and either put to death or detain¬ 
ed by them as prisoners. This place is said to have been in 
possession of a family of Rajepoot Hindoos from time im¬ 
memorial. Their last independent chief, named Sirdar Sing, 
was, after a severe contest, subdued by Ragogee Bounsla, 
the founder of the Nagpoor dynasty, and compelled to be¬ 
come a tributary ; but as his descendants have been lately 
taken under the British protection, it is to be hoped they will 
benefit by the change. Lat. 22.~16. N. long. 82. 35. E,-*- 
There are several other places of this name in Hindostan, 
but none other of consequence. 
RUTULI, a people of Italy, in Latium, who inhabited 
the country near the sea-coast. Their origin is uncertain; 
but it seems, according to Virgil, that at the arrival of 
iEneas, 
