SAC 
SABULAGH, a town and district of Aderbijan, in Persia, 
situated upon the lake of Urumea; 30 miles from Maraga. 
SABULO'SITY, s. Grittiness; sandiness. 
SA'BULOUS, adj. [ sabulum , Lat.] Gritty ; sandy. 
SAC, s. [jac, Saxon.] One of the ancient privileges of 
the lord of a manor. See Soc. 
SAC, a river of Southern Africa, which rises in the 
settlement of the Cape of Good Hope, and falls into the 
Orange river, about 90 miles from its mouth. 
SAC, Grande Riviere du Cul de, a river of St. 
Domingo, which runs west into the sea; about two leagues 
north of Port au Prince. 
SACiE, a people who inhabited a territory south of Baby¬ 
lon, between the Tigris and the Euphrates, or the country- 
situated along the confines of these two rivers. (See the 
third book of the Cyropsedia of Xenophon). These people 
were powerful enemies of the king of Assyria. Cyrus made 
an alliance with them in his enterprise against the Assyrians, 
and they furnished him with a body of 10,000 infantry and 
.2000 cavalry; and having become master of the garrisons by 
which the Assyrians defended their frontier, he transferred 
them to his new allies, who placed in them garrisons com¬ 
posed of Sacae, Cadusians, and Hyrcanians, all of whom had 
an equal interest in preserving them, for the defence of their 
own territories. The Sacae were originally a nation of Scy¬ 
thians, established on the other side of the river Jaxartes, in 
the Greater Scythia; this appears from the testimony of all 
the ancient geographers; and the Persians attributed the 
general name of Sacae to the people, called, by the Greeks, 
■Scythians. These Sacae occupied the greatest part of Sog- 
diana, the country that lay between the Oxus and the 
Jaxartes. In process of time they passed the Oxus, and 
established themselves in Margiana, and they were denomi¬ 
nated Amyrgian Scythians, because they inhabited the ter¬ 
ritory along the river Margus or Morgus, according to Hero¬ 
dotus. Strabo (1. xvi.) says, that the Paraetaci had preserved 
the name of Sacse in the Elymaide territory, and that they 
had given it to a canton of Susiana, named Sagapena. 
Prom the time of Strabo, they celebrated at Zela, a town of 
Pontus, a feast under the name of Sacsea, in commemora¬ 
tion of the advantage which the people of the country had 
obtained over the Sacae. 
SAC/EA, [SaKaia, Gr.] in Antiquity, a feast which the 
ancient Babylonians, and other Orientals, held annually in 
honour of the deity Anaitis. 
The Sacsea were in the East what the Saturnalia were at 
Rome, viz. feasts for the slaves. One of their ceremonials 
■was to choose a prisoner condemned to death, and allow 
-him all the pleasures and gratifications he would wish, before 
he was carried to execution. 
SACALA, a district of Abyssinia, famous for its excellent 
honey. 
SACANDAGUA, a river of the United States, in New 
York, which runs east into the Hudson, in Hadley. It has 
a course of 80 miles. 
SACARAPPA, a post village of the United States in 
Cumberland county, Maine. 
SACAROIDE, in Mineralogy, a term introduced from the 
•French to denote the fine granular texture of some lime-stone 
•resembling that of loaf-sugar. 
SACASINA, a country on the confines of Armenia and 
Albania, extending as far as the river Cyrus. Strabo. 
SACATECOLUCA, Santiago Lucia de, a settlement 
of the kingdom of Guatimala, on the coast of the Pacific 
ocean, containing above 3000 Indians. 
SACATEPEC, a”*settlement of Guatimala; 25 miles 
north-east of Guatimala.—It is also the name of several 
other inconsiderable settlements of Spanish America. 
SACCA'DE, s. [Fr.] A violent check the rider gives 
his horse, by jerking back the reins suddenly, a brutal 
correction used to make the horse rise his head. 
SACCAI, a large and populous seaport of Niphon, in Ja¬ 
pan ; 70 miles south-west of Meaco. 
SACCANI, one of the four provinces into which the Pelo- 
ponnessus, or Morea, is divided by the Turks. It is bounded by 
SAC 515 
the province called Zakounia (the ancient province Laconia) 
by the isthmus of Corinth, and the gulfs of Lepanto, Egina, 
and Napoli. It comprehends the ancient territories of 
Corinth, Sicyon, and Argos, forming the north-east part of 
the Morea. See Greece and Morea. 
SACCAR EL PERLII, a village of Algezira, in Asiatic 
Turkey, on the Euphrates; 10 miles below El Dier. 
SACCHARI'FEROUS, adj. [saccharum , and fero, 
Lat.] became sacchariferous trees. Hist. 11. Soc. 
SA'CCHARINE, adj. [ saccharin , Fr. Cotgrave ; sacc- 
liarum , Lat.] Having the qualities of sugar. 
SACCHARUM [of Pliny. In Greek a-aKyat), y caK-yxu, 
or aaK-yaoov ; from the Arabic sacchar, or zuchar. Vossius : 
or rather from the Indian Skukur], in Botany, a genus of 
the class triandria, order digynia, natural order of gramina, 
gramineee or grasses.—Generic Character. Calyx: glume 
two-valved, one-flowered : valves oblong-lanceolate, acumi¬ 
nate, erect, concave, equal, awnless, surrounded with a long 
lanugo at the base. Corolla : two-valved, shorter, sharpish, 
very tender. Nectary two-leaved, very small. Stamina: 
filaments three, capillary, the length of the corolla. Anthers 
somewhat oblong. Pistil: germ oblong. Styles two, fea¬ 
thered. Stigmas plumose. Pericarp none. Corolla invests 
the seed. Seed single, oblong. In saccharum, the wool is 
without the calyx, in arundo it is within it.— Essential Cha¬ 
racter. Calyx two-valved, involucred with a long lanugo. 
Corolla two-valved. 
1. Saccharum Teneriffae, or Teneriffe sugar-cane.—Leaves 
awl-shaped, flat, flowers panicled awnless, hairy, involucre 
none, calyx very villose. This grass is a foot high and more. 
The glumes of this are ovate, and not subulate as in the next 
species.—Native of the Island of Teneriffe. 
2. Saccharum spontaneum, or wild sugar-cane.—Leaves 
convolute; panicle effused, spikes capillary, simple, flowers 
remote, involucred, germinate, one of them peduncled. Culm 
twelve feet high, but not arborescent, the thickness of a goose 
quill, even, covered by the sheaths of the leaves, hollow. 
—Native of Malabar, in watery places. 
3. Saccharum Japonicum, or Japan sugar-cane.—Culm 
frutescent, round, smooth, simple, a fathom in height. 
Leaves linear-ensiform, gradually drawing to a point at the 
end, serrate, smooth, striated ; the midrib thick, keeled, 
entire. Flowers panicled: panicle patulous, racemes ca¬ 
pillary, flexuose, smooth, a span in length. Pedicels in pairs 
alternately, recurved, one-flowered: glumes equal acute.— 
Native of Japan; flowering in July. 
4. Saccharum officinarum, or common sugar-cane.— 
Flowers panicled, leaves flat. The root of the sugar-cane is 
jointed, like that of other sorts of cane or reed. From this 
arise four, five, or more shoots, proportionable to the age or 
strength of the root, eight or ten feet high, according to the 
goodness of the ground. In some moist rich soils canes have 
been measured near twenty feet long; but these are not near 
so good as those of middling growth; abounding in juice, 
but having little of the essential salt. The canes are jointed, 
and these joints are more or less distant, in proportion to the 
soil. A leaf is placed at each joint, and the base of it em¬ 
braces the stalk to the next joint above its insertion, before 
it expands; from hence to the point it is three or four feet in 
length, according to the vigour of the plant; there is a deep 
whitish furrow or hollowed midrib, which is broad and pro¬ 
minent, on the under side; the edges are thin and armed with 
small sharp teeth, which are scarcely to be discerned by the 
naked eye, but will cut the skin of a tender hand, if it be 
drawn along it. The flowers are produced in panicles at the 
top of the stalks ; they are from two to three feet long, and 
are composed of many spikes nine or ten inches in length, 
which are again subdivided into smaller spikes; these have 
long down inclosing the flowers, so as to hide them from 
sight, The seed is oblong-pointed, and ripens in the valves 
of the flower.—Native both of the East and West Indies, 
China, Cochinchina, Africa, and the islands of the South 
Sea. 
It has been asserted, that the sugar-cane is not indigenous 
of America; but that it migrated through the Europeans, 
from 
