SAG 
"S A G 
king or supreme ruler. Hailey. —The barbarous people— 
have their sagamores, and orders, and forms of government. 
.Bp. Hall. —The juice of some unknown plant used in medi- 
. cine. 
SAGAN, the suffragan or deputy of the Jewish high 
priest: who, according to some, was only to officiate for 
him, when he was rendered incapable of attending the ser¬ 
vice through sickness, or legal uncleanness, on the day of 
expiation; or, according to others, who was to assist the 
high priest in the care of the affairs of the temple and the 
service of the priests. 
SAGAN, a town in Prussian Silesia, situated on the right 
bank of the Bober, and surrounded with a double wall. It 
has a Catholic college, four Catholic churches, a Lutheran 
church and school, a large castle, and about 4700 inhabi¬ 
tants. The chief manufactures are woollens and linen; 83 
miles north-west of Breslau, and 80 east-north-east of Dres¬ 
den. Lat. 51.42. 12. N. long. 15. 22. 30. E.—Sagan is 
the chief place of a duchy which is now included in the 
government of Liegnitz. It has a superficial extent of 380 
.square miles, with a population of 37,000. It is in general 
level and sandy, has a number of large woods, and abounds 
in iron ore. 
SAGANAK, a town of Independent Tartary, on the 
Sihon or Jaxartes. It was taken, and the greater part of 
the inhabitants put to death, by Zingis Khan; 90 miles west 
of Taraz. 
SAGANAUM BAY, a bay of the United States, in Lake 
Huron, situated about the centre of the north-west side ; 40 
miles long, and from eight to twelve wide. 
SAGANAUM RIVER, a river of America, which runs 
into the Saganaum bay. Lat. 44. N. long. 83. 35. W. 
Length 30 miles. 
SAGANEER, a town of Hindostan, province of Ajmeer, 
belonging to the Rajah of Jyepoor. Lat. 26. 40. N. long. 
75. 50. E. 
SAGANEER, a town of Hindostan, province of Gund- 
waneh, belonging to the Rajah of Nagpore. Lat. 21. 34. N. 
long. 79. 18. E. 
SAGANIAN, a river of Great Bukharia, which falls into 
the Oxus, at Termed. There is a town of the same name on 
its banks; 60 miles south-east of Samarcand. 
SAGAPENUM [SayaTnjvov, Gr.], a medicinal gum resin, 
whose smell comes very near that of a pine; whence its 
name. 
It flows, by incision, from the trunk of a ferulaceous plant 
growing in Persia; the best is in bright transparent tears of a 
strong, pungent, porraceous smell: and the whiter and freer 
from dirt, the better. Sometimes it is found as white, both 
within and without as milk; though this is very rare. 
Dioscorides mentioned it as the juice of a ferula growing in 
.Media. Willdenow supposes it to be the Ferula persica. 
The sagapenum is brought directly from Alexandria; 
either in distinct tears, or run together into large masses; 
outwardly of a yellow colour, but internally somewhat paler 
and clear, like horn; growing soft on being handled, so as 
to stick to the fingers. It melts at a low heat, and burns 
with a crackling noise and white flame, yielding much 
smoke, and leaving behind a light spongy coal. It is dis¬ 
solved partially by water and strong alcohol, and almost 
completely by proof spirit. Distilled with water it yields a 
little volatile oil, and impregnates the water strongly with its 
flavour. Its constituents appear to be gum, resin, and an 
essential oil, on which its virtues chiefly depend. It is 
sometimes supplied in the shops by the larger and darker 
coloured masses of bdellium. It has a strong disagreeable 
ismell, resembling that of the leek-kind, or a mixture of gal- 
banum with a little assa-fcEtida; and a moderately hot 
biting taste. It is frequently prescribed, either by itself, or 
in conjunction with ammoniacum or galbanum, in hysteric 
cases, asthmas, and other irritative disorders in which assa- 
foetida has been found serviceable; but its powers are much 
weaker. It may be taken in the form of pills, from 10 grains 
to half a drachm; in doses of a drachm, it opens the bowels. 
539 
SAGAPOLA, a mountain in the interior of the eastern 
part of Mauritania Csesariensis, in which was the source of 
the river Sabus. 
SAGARA, is, with the Hindoos, a personification of the 
sea. Sagara is made to espouse Sumati, a maid of surpassing 
beauty, daughter of Garuda, or Superna, the man-eagle that 
serves as a vehicle for Vishnu. This marriage, and its ex¬ 
travagant progeny, is connected, by a long allegorical chain, 
with the source and course of the Ganges, and is very poe¬ 
tically detailed in the first book of the Ramayana. Sagara 
is a name occurring also in historical relations, as the son 
of a Rajah Bahu, sovereign of Oude; but so intermingled 
with fable, as not to be deserving of farther notice in that 
light. 
SAGARA, the ancient Helicon, a mountain of Greece, 
a few miles to the north of the gulf of Corinth. It is of consi¬ 
derable height, and its scenery is picturesque. Here may 
still be traced the fountains of Aganippe and Hippocrene, 
the stream of Permessus, and the village of Ascra, the birth¬ 
place of Hesiod, now called, like the mountain itself, Sagara. 
From its top maybe seen a great part of Greece; in particu¬ 
lar the plains of Lebadia, Chaeronea, and Orchomenus. The 
village of Sagara is built in a deep dell, surrounded by lofty 
mountains. 
SAGARA NACKEN BAY, a bay on the east coast of 
the island of Java. Lat. 7. 33. S. long. 109. 21. E. 
SAGARAWIDA BAY, a bay on the south coast of the 
island of Java. Lat- 8. 15. S. long. 113. E. 
SAGARD, a small town of the Prussian states, in the 
peninsula of Jasmund, or north point of the island of Rugen. 
Population 700. It is remarkable only for a medicinal 
spring, resorted to by numbers of invalids from the north of 
Germany; 22 miles north-east of Stralsund. 
SAGAR1S, Berezen, a river of Sarmatia, the mouth of 
which was in the island Lcr.ce, the same with that of the 
Borysthenes. 
SAGARTII, a people of Asia, in Media, east of mount 
Zagros (Ptol.) and reckoned by Herodotus among those of 
Persia. 
SAGATHEE, or Sagathy s . A slight woollen stuff; be¬ 
ing a kind of serge, or ratteen; sometimes mixed with a little 
silk. It is manufactured chiefly at Amiens; though we had 
it in England. 
The word is formed from the French sayette, a diminu¬ 
tive of saye, say. (See Say). The French name sayette 
again is derived from that of the thread used herein, which is 
chiefly prepared and spun in Flanders, about Turcoing, &c. 
and called Jil de sayette. 
Making a panegyrick on pieces of sagathy or Scotch 
plaid. Tat/er. 
SAGATUK, a river of the United States, in Connecticut, 
which runs into Long Island Sound, between Fairfield and 
Norwalk, forming a bay at its mouth. 
SAGAY, a small island of the Hebrides, near Harris. 
SAGDA, or Psagda, the name of a stone described by 
Aldrovandus, which, he says, is of a green colour, and has 
the property of attracting wood. 
Pliny and the ancients give this name to a gem of a 
greenish colour, very much esteemed at that time; and about 
the origin of which the ancients had many fabulous reports. 
Solinus tells us, that it is produced at the bottom of the sea, 
and thence rises up of itself as ships pass over the place 
where it is, and fixes itself to their bottoms, and that it can¬ 
not be got off again without cutting away a part of the 
wood. This author has generally taken his accounts of ' 
things from Pliny; though he has been at the pains to dis¬ 
guise them, in such a manner, that they are often unintel¬ 
ligible. All that Pliny says on this occasion is, that the 
sagda was of a green colour, and was found by the Chal- 
dceans at the bottoms of their ships; even this, however, is 
not very intelligible, unless they meant that the ships which 
traded to the Red Sea, and lay long in the harbours, and 
were sometimes a-ground, picked up at their bottoms the 
stones which make up the shores, and some of these are of 
the 
