SAG 
geographers are still of opinion, that all these circumstances 
may be accounted for, by supposing a very narrow and 
winding strait separating the two coasts. This is the 
delineation followed in the Chinese and Japanese maps, and 
may therefore be retained, till the contrary is fully esta- 
. blished. ; r 
The territory of Saghalien appears to be very mountain¬ 
ous, particularly towards the centre. The eastern coast 
consists of wooded valleys and hills, behind which rise lofty 
mountains, covered with snow. To the south of the 51st 
degree, the country becomes more level, and exhibits only 
hills of sand. The soil is here favourable to agriculture, 
exhibits a vigorous vegetation, and is covered with forests 
of pine, oak, willow, and birch. The surrounding sea 
produces an extraordinary quantity of fish ; while the' rivers 
abound with trout and salmon of the very best quality. 
Roses, angelica, and other flowers, flourish on the hills. The 
eastern coast, along which Krusenstern sailed, appeared to be 
nearly destitute of inhabitants. The southern and western 
are occupied by the Ainos, of whom a description has 
already been given. Perouse gives a very favourable account 
of those with whom he had intercourse. They are friendly 
and affectionate towards each other; their constitution is 
healthy and vigorous; and they exercise with diligence the 
occupations of hunting and fishing. They sail in boats of 
willow bark, similar to those made on the neighbouring 
island of Jesso. The north-east coast, opposite to the 
mouth of the Saghalien, is occupied by a colony of Mantchou 
Tartars. The Japanese had formed a colony in the bay of 
Aniwa, at the southern extremity of the island; but it has 
been destroyed by the Russians, who, it is supposed, may 
intend to form an establishment themselves in the same 
quarter. 
SAGHALIEN RIVER, the same with Amur, which see. 
SAGHALIEN OULA-HOTUN, a small fortified town in 
the country of the Mantchou Tartars, situated on the river 
Amur or Saghalien ; 450 miles north-east of Peking. 
SAGHALIEN OULA-KIAMEN, a post of Chinese 
Tartary; 10 miles north-north-west of Saghalien Oula- 
Hotun. 
SAG HARBOUR, a post village and port of entry of the 
United States, in Suffolk county, New York, on the east end 
of Long Island, and on the Atlantic. This village contains 
about 80 houses, and a printing office. The shipping 
owned here in 1816 amounted to 2530 tons, employed chiefly 
in the whale and cod fisheries. It has a good harbour. In 
the year 1777, a large quantity of military stores, belonging 
to the British, was destroyed by the Americans, and a number 
of sloops and other vessels burned. Lat. 40. 57. N. long. 
72. 21. W. 
SAGIDA, or Sageda, a town of India, situated on this 
side of the Ganges, and the capital of the Adisathri, accord¬ 
ing to Ptolemy. It is the new Sagur ; which see. 
SAGINA [from <ra.yiA.-z, which is from a-aria, onero], 
in Botany, a genus of the class tetrandria, order tetragynia, 
natural order of caryophyllei or caryophyllese.—Generic 
Character. Calyx: perianth four-leaved: leaflets ovate, 
concave, spreading very much, permanent. Corolla: petals 
four, ovate, obtuse, shorter than the calyx, spreading. Sta¬ 
mina : filaments four, capillary. Anthers roundish. Pistil: 
germ subglobular. Styles four, awl-shaped, recurved, pu¬ 
bescent Stigmas simple. Pericarp : capsule ovate, straight, 
one-celled, fourvalved. Seeds numerous, very small, fastened 
to the receptacle. Sagina procumbens varies with petalous 
and apetalous flowers. Sagina apetala never has any petals. 
Sagina erecta has calyx-leaves lanceolate, acuminate. Sagina 
Virginica differs in several marks from its congeners.— Essen¬ 
tial Character. Calyx four-leaved. Petals four. Capsule 
one-celled, four-valved, many-seeded. 
1. Sagina cerastoides, or tetrandrous pearl-wort—Root 
fibrous, branched, annual. Herb bright green, many- 
stemmend, hirsute. Stems dichotomous, scarcely panicled. 
Leaves elliptic-oblong. Peduncles generally three times as 
long as the calyx, erect, bent back when the flowering is over, 
but becoming erect as the seed ripens. Calyx-leaves hirsute, 
Vol. XXII. No. 1521. 
SAG 541 
acuminate. Petals four, shorter than the calyx, white. Seeds 
rugged on the outside. The flowers expand only in bright 
weather.—Native of Scotland, on sandy shores and rocks, ora 
walls in rubbishy places; flowering in May and June. 
2. Sagina procumbens, or procumbent pearl-wort.—Root 
fibrous, annual, or perennial. Stems numerous, in shady 
moist places procumbent, in dry situations upright, two or 
three inches in length. Leaves half an inch long, linear, 
deep green: root leaves in tufts. Peduncles axillary, one- 
flowered, nodding before the flowers open. Capsule sur¬ 
rounded with the permanent calyx.—'Native of most parts of 
Europe, Siberia, and Japan, in barren pastures, on walls, &c. 
3. Sagina apetala, or annual small-flowered pearl-wort.— 
Root annual, small and fibrous. Stems several, nearly up¬ 
right, from one to three inches or more in height, filiform, 
jointed, clothed with short scattered hairs. Leaves opposite, 
linear-subulate. Peduncles slender, at first nodding, but 
afterwards upright. Petals white, very minute, often alto¬ 
gether wanting.—Besides England, it is a native of France 1 , 
Italy, and Germany. 
4. Sagina erecta, or upright pearl-wort.—The whole herb 
is smooth and glaucous. Stems two or three inches high, 
upright. Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate. Peduncles so¬ 
litary, purplish, one or two on a stalk. Petals white. 
5. Sagina Virginica, or Virginian pearl-wort.—Stem fili¬ 
form, a finger’s length. Leaves opposite, awl-shaped, very 
small. One flower terminating, and some opposite, each on 
its proper peduncle. Calyx four-parted, upright 1 . Petals 
four, oblong. Stamens four, the length of the calyx.—Na¬ 
tive of Virginia. 
SAGINAGA, Lake, a small lake of North America, 
formed by the river which connects Lake Superior with the 
lake of the Woods. Its greatest length from east to west 
is about 14 miles, with very irregular inlets, and it is no¬ 
where more than three miles wide. 
SAGITTA, in Architecture, the name sometimes used for 
the key-piece of an arch. 
SAGITTA, in Astronomy, the arrow or dart, a constel¬ 
lation of the northern hemisphere, near the Eagle. The stars 
in the constellation Sagitta, in Tycho’s catalogue, are five, 
and as many in Ptolemy’s and Hevelius’s; in Mr. Flam¬ 
steed’s catalogue they are eighteen. 
SAGITTA, in Botany, signifies the top of any small twig, 
scyon, or graft of a tree. 
SAGITTA, in Geometry, is a term which some writers 
use for the abscis of a curve. 
SAGITTA, in Trigonometry, &c. is the same as the versed 
sine of any arc; and is so called by some writers, because it 
is like a dart, or arrow, standing on the chord of the arc. 
SAGI'TTAL, ad/. [sagittalis, Lat.] Belonging to an 
arrow.—[In Anatomy.] A suture so called from its stand¬ 
ing between two other sutures, as an arrow between the bow 
and the string. 
SAGITTARIA [from the form of the leaves resembling 
the head of an arrow], in Botany, a genus of the class mo- 
noecia, order polyandria, natural order of tripetaloidese 
(Juss.) —Generic Character. Male flowers many. Calyx: 
perianth three leaved: leaflets ovate, concave, permanent. 
Corolla: Petals three, roundish, blunt, flat, spreading, three 
times as large as the calyx. Stamina: filaments numerous 
(often twenty-four), awl-shaped, collected into a head. An¬ 
thers erect, the length of the calyx. Female flowers fewer, 
below the males. Calyx: perianth as in the male. Corolla : 
■petals three, as in the male. Pistil: germs numerous, com¬ 
pressed, collected into a head, gibbous outwards, ending in 
very short styles. Stigmas acute, permanent. Pericarp 
none. Receptacle globular, collecting the seeds into a globe. 
Seeds numerous, oblong, compressed, girt longitudinally 
with a membranaceous margin, which is wide, gibbous on 
one side, acuminate at both ends.— Essential Character. 
Calyx three-leaved. Corolla three-petaled. Male: fila¬ 
ments commonly twenty-four. Female : pistil many. Seeds 
many, naked. 
1. Sagittaria sagittifolia, or common arrow-head.—Root 
perennial, consisting of a tuber fixed deeply in the mud. 
C Y Stem 
