S A I 
last century it was made over to NijeebKhan, an Afghan 
chief, who brought it into a high state of cultivation, and 
was succeeded by his son, Zabita Khan, during whose go¬ 
vernment, viz., in the year 1772, Saharunpore was invaded 
andlaidwaste bythe Mahrattas. In the year 1785 he was 
suceeded by his son the execrable Ghoolam Kadir, who re¬ 
belled against his sovereign, the aged Shah Alum, took him 
prisoner, and with his own hands eradicated the eyes of the 
monarch ; in retaliation for which, he was put to death a 
few years afterwards by the Mahratta chief Mahdagee Sin- 
dia, who took possession of the district. The successful 
issue of the war of 1803 against the Mahrattas, enabled the 
British to become masters of this valuable district, and it was 
immediately placed under the superintendence of a civil es¬ 
tablishment of a judge, collector, &c., and has since been di¬ 
vided into two collectorships. Its chief towns are Saharun¬ 
pore, Merat, Sakertol, and a celebrated fortress called Ghose 
Ghur, 
SAHARUNPORE, the capital of the above mentioned 
district, and now the residence of the judge, collector, &c. of 
the northern division of the district. It As an open town, 
and suffered much from the Mahrattas, but is now recover¬ 
ing. It is situated a short distance east of the river Jumna. 
Lat. 30.15. N. long. 77. 23. E. 
SAHARUNPORE, a town of Hindostan, province of 
Delhi, belonging also to theBritish. Lat. 30.0. N. long. 77. 
16. E. 
SAHAY, a village of the west of Bohemia, in the circle of 
Pilsen, the scene of an engagement between the French and 
Austrians, in 1742. 
SAHEC, a village ofFarsistan, in Persia ; 105 miles east 
of Schiras. 
SAHET, a village of Upper Egypt, on the Nile, forming 
the port of Badjoura and Farshout. 
SAHLAYDUN, a town of the Birman empire, province 
of Pegu. It is situated, on the western bank of the Irra- 
wuddy river, and carries on a considerable tradeof teak timber 
with Rangoon. It has also a land communication with the 
sea coast of Arracan. Lat. 18. 35. N. long. 94. 40. E. 
SAHLITE, in Mineralogy, a mineral which derives its 
name from Sahlbergh, in Sweden. Its colour is a pale 
greenish-grey; it occurs both crystallized and massive. The 
form of the crystals is an eight-sided prism, with dihedral 
summits, resembling that of pyroxene, with which mineral 
it is classed by Haiiy. It differs from that species of py¬ 
roxene denominated augite in colour ; it scratches glass, and 
is infusible. The constituent parts, according to Vauquelin, 
are, silex, 53; lime, 20; magnesia, 19; alumine, 3; oxyd 
of iron and manganese, 4. 
SAHWQTTY, a town of the Birman empire, situated on 
the western bank of the Irrawuddy river. Lat. 19. 41. N. 
long. 94. 50. E. 
SAI, in Zoology, a name given to the capuchin monkey. 
See Simia Capucjnja. 
SAI, a large town of Bambarra, in Central Africa. It is 
well fortified by strong walls, mounted with towers, which 
completely command the town, and have the appearance of a 
regular fortification. It is surrounded with two deep trenches, 
at 200 yards distance from the walls. These fortifications 
were built to punish the town for the non-obedience of the 
dooty to a tyrannical order of the king. • That prince laid 
siege to Sai, and the dooty being obliged to surrender, was 
put to death, and the inhabitants carried away and sold as 
slaves; 26 miles south-west of Sego. 
SALANKS, See Sa yanks. 
SAIBGUNGE, a town of Hindostan province of Bengal, 
district of Rungpore. Lat. 26. 15. N. long 88. 48. E. 
SAIBUSCH. See Zywie. 
SAIC, one of the many names given by the ancients to 
quicksilver. 
SA'ICK, s. \saica, Ital.] A Turkish vessel proper for 
the carriage of merchandize, bailey. 
It has square sails on the middle mast; without either 
unizen, top-gallant, or shrouds; only a main-mast, with a 
SAI 547 
main-top-mast, both very high: with a bolt-sprit, and a 
little mizen-mdst. 
The height of the main-mast makes the saicks visible at a 
great distance: their make renders it impossible for them to 
go with a side wind; but when they have the wind before 
them, nothing can outstrip them. The generality of them 
carry no guns. 
SAID, preterit, and pdrt. pass, of say. Aforesaid.— 
King John succeeded his said brother in the kingdom of 
England and dutchy of Normandy. Hale. — Declared; 
shewed. 
SAID, or Sahid, a name applied to Upper Egypt, com¬ 
prehending the territory extending along the Nile, from the 
vicinity of Cairo, to the frontier of Nubia. It consists 
throughout of a plain only a few miles broad, inclosed 
between the chains of mountains which extend parallel to 
both banks of the Nile. This valley is extremely fertile, 
particularly in grain. It appears to have been anciently 
much more populous than it is now, and to have contained 
immense cities, the remains of which still present the most 
immense and extraordinary architectural anti quities in the 
world. The most remarkable are those found at Edfu, Den- 
dera,and on the site of Thebes. 
SAIDA, or Seida, a sea-port town of Syria, built on the 
site of the ancient Sidon. This is celebrated as the most 
ancient of the Phenician cities, preceding even Tyre, by 
whose splendour it was, however, eclipsed. It is mentioned 
by Jacob, in his prophetic speech Concerning the country 
which his sons were to inhabit; and it is stated as a place of 
refuge for some of the kings, who were driven out of Joshua. 
In sacred writ, Tyre and Sidon are frequently mentioned; 
and they were known, not only as the two principal towns 
of Phenicia, but as among the most flourishing and com¬ 
mercial in the ancient world. Sidon was also enriched by 
an extensive manufacture of glass. During the middle ages, 
it was occupied by the French, who were at considerable 
pains in repairing it. Although now much decayed from its 
ancient greatness, it retains still some importance as the port 
of Damascus. It is situated in a plain, extending only two 
miles inward from the sea, when it rises into mountains, in¬ 
capable of cultivation; so that trade must at all times have 
been the sole source of its prosperity. The town itself is 
built on the north side of a hill, and extends 600 paces 
along the sea. Like other Turkish towns, it is dirty, ill 
built, and full of modern mins. The ground in the neigh¬ 
bourhood, however, is laid out in orchards and gardens, 
which appear very beautiful at a distance. The magnificent 
harbour, composed of vast moles stretching out into the sea, 
is now entirely destroyed. Its final ruin is said to have been 
effected by Feckerdine, emir of the Druses, when he esta¬ 
blished an independent power, with the view of preventing 
the grand seignior from landing a maritime force here to act 
against him. The huge stones of which the mole was built, 
may still be seen, being capable of filling its whole thick¬ 
ness: some of them are twelve feet long, eleven broad, and 
five deep, on the north-west part of the town, on a point 
stretching out into the sea. It is supposed to have been 
built by Lewis IX., but contains on the top a work of an 
older date. On the opposite side of the town is a modern 
fort, built by Degnizlu, but consisting merely of a large 
tower, incapable of resisting any serious attack. The road 
is formed by a shoal running opposite to the castle, and leav¬ 
ing a space between, in which vessels may ride, though not 
in perfect safety. The trade of Saida is still considerable, as 
being the emporium, not only of Damascus, but of the sur¬ 
rounding country. The French, the ouly European nation 
here settled, have a consul, and five or six commercial 
houses. The exports consist of com, silk, raw and spun 
cotton, particularly the last, which forms the principal trade 
of the inhabitants. Saida was once the seat of a pachalic, 
but is now included in that of Damascus. The population is 
reckoned at 7000 or 8000. Lat. 33. 25, N., long. 35.14. E. 
SAIDOU, a small river in the desert part of Syria, which 
falls into the Euphrates, near Rabba. 
SAIGA, 
