SAL 
SAL 
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calyx; anthers-small. Germen simple superior; style one; 
stigma often capitate. Capsule encompassed with the calyx, 
of one or many cells, with numerous seeds, inserted into a 
central receptacle. Corculum destitute of albumen. Stem 
shrubby or herbaceous.^ Leaves opposite or alternate. Flowers 
axillary or terminal. 
Section 1. Flowers polypetalous.—This consists of Lager- 
stroemia ; Munchausia, justly suspected to be its congener; 
Pemphis of Forster, reduced by the younger Linnaeus to 
Lythrum ; Ginoria of Jacquin and Linnaeus ; Grislea ; Law- 
sonia; Crehea of Aublet and Schreber; Lythrum; with 
Acisanthera, Parsonsia, and Cuphea of Browne, the former 
referred by Linnaeus to Rhexia, the two latter to Lythrum. 
Section 2. Flowers often apetalous. Isnardia; Ainman- 
nia ; Glaux; and Peplis.—The order in question differs in 
several respects from some that agree with it in the insertion 
of its stamens and petals; as from Jussieu’s Onagrae, and 
Myrti, in having a superior germen. Some of the Melastomse 
come nearer to it in this respect; but have a different and 
peculiar structure of anthers. Jussieu doubts whether the 
genera constituting his second section might not be removed 
to the Portulaceae. 
SALICASTRUM, a name by which Pliny, and some 
other botanical authors, have called the solanum lignosum, 
the woody nightshade, or bitter sweet. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2. 
SALICETO (Guglielmo de), a physician and surgeon of 
the 13th century, was a native of Placentia, and in holy 
orders. He appears to have resided for some time at Bo¬ 
logna, and finally to have received a public salary from 
Verona, where he died about 1277. This person was a 
learned and able practitioner for the time, and left writings 
which, for a long time, were regarded as of high authority, 
though composed in the barbarous style of the age. He 
copies much from Albucasis and others of his predecessors, 
yet has many things which appear the result of his own ex¬ 
perience. Some of his chirurgical observations are valuable, 
but he is charged with having relied too much upon oint¬ 
ments and plaisters, and other topical applications. It is 
remarkable that he makes the distinction between the nerves 
destined to the voluntary, and to the vital or involuntary 
motions. He wrote both on medicine and on surgery. The 
first work, entitled “ Summa Conservationis et Curationis” 
was first printed at Venice in 1489, folio. His “ Chirurgia,” 
a more noted work, has frequently been edited, and has been 
translated into French. Friend Hist. Phys. Halleri 
Bib!. Chirurg. Floy. 
SALICETfO, a small town in the north-west of Italy, 
in Piedmont, situated on a rising ground, near the Bormida. 
Population 3000 ; 16 miles east of Mondovi. 
SALICHA, a name given by some of the old writers to 
cinnamon. Avicenna and Serapion use it for the bark we 
call cassia lignea, and the Greeks hylocasia, when stripped 
clean from the wood. 
SALICI, a small town of Austrian Italy, in the Trevisan, 
on the river Livenza; 22 miles east-north-east of Treviso. 
SALICINEA, a name used by Gessner, and some other 
authors, for the nardus celtica, or Celtic spikenard. 
SALICORNIA [from sal, salt, and cornu, a horn], in 
Botany, a genus of the class monandria, order monogynia, 
natural order of holoraceae, atriplices (Juss). —Generic 
Character. Calyx four cornered, truncate, ventricose, 
permanent. Corolla none: Stamina: filaments one, 
(or two) simple, longer than the calyx. Anther oblong, 
twin, erect. Pistil: germ ovate-oblong. Style simple, 
under the stamen. Stigma bifid. Pericarp none. Calyx 
ventricose, inflated. Seed single.— Essential Character. 
Calyx ventricose, entire. Petals one. Stamina one or 
two. Seed one covered by the calyx. 
1. Salicornia herbacea, herbaceous marsh sampire, or 
jointed glasswort.-—Root fibrous, small, annual or biennial. 
Stem for the most part upright, subdivided at the base, 
branched at top: branches opposite, upright, very succulent, 
leaflets, joints flatted, widening at the end, emarginate. 
Spikes opposite, with one at the end larger than the rest, 
peduncled, round, gradually attenuated towards the top, 
Vol. XXII. No. 1523. 
sharpish, jointed. Flowers opposite, near together, mostly 
three on each side in the clefts of the joint. It has four 
varieties.—This plant is common on the coast of Europe,^ 
Asia, Africa, and America, where the shore is flat and oozy. 
2. Salicornia perennans, or perennial jointed glasswort. 
—Herbaceous, patulous, joints compressed at the top emargi- 
nate-bifid, spikes axillary in threes peduncled, scales, acute, 
root perennial. —Native of Siberia,by the Jaikin dryish marshes. 
3. Salicornia fruticosa, shrubby marsh sampire, or jointed 
glasswort.—Root woody, perennial. Stem suffruticose, as¬ 
cending, very much branched; branches and branchlets 
opposite and less fleshy. Spikes sessile, altogether cylindric, 
blunt, many flowered, with very short joints.—Native of 
Europe and Africa, in the same situation. In England 
found near the Isle of Sheppy ; and on the shore all the way 
from Weymouth turnpike to Rhodipole. 
4. Salicornia strobilacea.—Stem prostrate shrubby, joints 
truncate alternately spike-bearing, spikes naked very short 
opposite.—Native of the Caspian sea. 
5. Salicornia Virginica, or Virginian jointed glasswort.— 
Herbaceous erect, branches quite simple, undivided, ter¬ 
minated by a long jointed spike. It is distinct from the 
first species, which is also found in Virginia. 
6. Salicornia Arabica, or Arabian jointed glasswort.— 
Joints obtuse thickened at the base, spikes ovate.—A shrub, 
with alternate divided branches. Leaves fleshy, blunt, co¬ 
vering the branchlets, opening on one side alternately.— 
Native of Arabia, and Barbary. 
7. Salicornia foliata, or leafy jointed glass wort.—Leaves 
linear alternate embracing and decurrent.—A shrub, with 
alternate almost simple branches.—Native of Siberia. 
8. Salicornia amplexicaulis, or clasping-leaved jointed 
glasswort.—Stem decumbent, frutesdent at the base, a hand 
or little more in height, very much branched: branches 
from all the axils of the leaves, alternate, spreading, an inch 
and half long, two together very near each other. Leaves 
small, alternate, beneath convex, above flatfish; on the younger 
branches imbricate.—Native of the kingdom of Tunis. 
9. Salicornia Caspica, or Caspian jointed glasswort.— 
Joints cylindric, spikes filiform.—In muddy lands by the 
Caspian sea, and in Media. 
SA'LIENT, adj. \s aliens, Lat.] Leaping; bounding ; 
moving by leaps.—The legs of both sides moving together, 
as frogs, and salient animals, is properly called leaping. 
Brown. —Beating ; panting. 
A salient point, so first is call’d the heart. 
By turns dilated, and by turns comprest, 
Expels and entertains the purple guest. Blackmore. 
Springing or shooting with a quick motion. 
Who best can send on high 
The saliant spout, far streaming to the sky. Pope. 
S ALIGN AC, a small town in the south-west of France, in 
the department of the Dordogne. Population 1200; 8 miles 
north-east of Sarlat, and 33 south-east of Perigueux. 
SA'LIGOT, s. [sa/igot, Fr. Cot grave.'] Water-thistle. 
See Tribulus Aquaticus. 
SALII, priests of Mars, of whom there were twelve in¬ 
stituted by Numa, for preserving the brazen shield which was 
said to have fallen down from heaven, in the eighth year of the 
reign of Numa, for the relief and safety of Rome, against a 
raging pestilence; and also those other eleven shields made so 4 
much to resemble this, that they could not be distinguished 
from one another. These priests wore painted parti-coloured 
garments, and high bonnets, with a steel cuirass on the breast. 
They had their name Salii from saltare, to dance; because, 
after assisting at sacrifices, they went dancing about the 
streets with ancilia, or bucklers, in the left hand, and a rod 
in their right, striking musically on one another’s bucklers 
with their rods, and singing hymns in honour of the gods. 
Their great feast was kept in the month of March, when they 
carried their sacred charge about the city. They also carried 
about the ancilia whenever a just war had been proclaimed 
by order of the senate against any state or people, supposing 
that by this means they secured the patronage and succour of 
7 F Mars. 
