SALISBURY. 
for scarcely had those who met, chiefly clergy, began their 
deliberations, when Mortimer broke in upon them with an 
anned force, and threatened them with death, if they 
presumed to pass a single resolution contrary to his pleasure. 
This violent conduct afterwards formed one of the articles of 
impeachment against him, when he was brought to trial by 
command of the king in 1330. The next event of historical 
importance which occurred here, was the execution of Henry 
Stafford, duke of Buckingham, by whose influence and exer¬ 
tions Richard III. was advanced to the throne, though he 
subsequently thought proper to raise the standard of rebellion 
against his master. In the 17th century, when civil war 
desolated the kingdom, Salisbury was frequently laid under 
contribution by both parties ; but no event of particular im¬ 
port happened in this city till towards the close of Cromwell’s 
government. At the time, however, of the premeditated re¬ 
volt, in 1655, it is remarkable as having been the only place 
in England which became the scene of active operations in 
favour of the house of Stuart. Penruddock, Grove, Jones, 
and several other gentlemen of Wiltshire, marched into the 
city with a squadron of 200 horse, and seizing the sheriff and 
judges, then present at theassizes, proclaimed Charles II. king. 
Clarendon affirms that if this troop had been supported by a 
simultaneous movement of their associates in other parts of 
England, the restoration of that monarch would most likely 
have been effected by force of arms, and not, as afterwards 
happened, by the decision of parliament, and the influence of 
general Monk. 
Eminent Natives .—Salisbury has given birth to many per¬ 
sons of distinction, among whom are the following —Walter 
Winterburn, Cardinal of St. Sabin ; William Ilorman, au¬ 
thor of several works in prose and verse: John Thorn- 
borough, bishop of Worcester; George Coryat, a Latin 
poet, and a topographer; Michael Maschiart, an able civi¬ 
lian and poet; Sir Toby Mathews, a celebrated Jesuit and 
politician ; Dr. Thomas Bennet, a distinguished divine and 
writer ; Thomas Chubb, and John Edes, also noted con¬ 
troversialists ; John Greenhill, an eminent portrait painter; 
Richard Hayter, a theological author ; William and Henry 
Lawes, both famous musicians and composers; Dr. Harris, 
an eminent historian and biographer; James Harris, the re¬ 
nowned author of Hermes, and of other philosophical and 
philological works; John Tobin, v author of the Curfew 
and the Honey Moon ; and the late John Feltham, author 
of a Tour through the Isle of Man, and several other 
volumes. 
In the vicinity of Salisbury are many objects worthy of 
detailed description, but cur limits restrain us from more 
than a cursory mention of them. About two miles south-east 
from the city is Clarendon park, anciently a royal forest and 
the scite of a palace, commonly called King John’s Palace, 
from a tradition that it was erected by that monarch. It is 
certain, however, that a royal residence existed here before 
his time, as Henry II. is mentioned by the old writers as 
having frequently held his court at Clarendon. In 1164 
that monarch convened a great council here, in which those 
laws limiting the ecclesiastical authority were passed, which 
are still called “ The Constitutions of Clarendon.” Rich¬ 
ard I. occasionally visited this retreat during the short pe- 
riod of his reign which was spent in England. His brother 
and successor, king John, is said to have been much attached 
to this place, and it is not unlikely that the considerable ad¬ 
ditions he made to the palace, gave rise to the tradition of 
his having been its founder. But it was in the reign of Henry 
III. that Clarendon attained the zenith of its glory. Its 
buildings were much enlarged and improved by that prince, 
who besides held his court oftener, and with greater splendour 
here, than any of his predecessors. Edward II. summoned a 
parliament to meet here in 1317 ; but the dissention which 
then prevailed between the king and his barons, prevented it 
assembling. During this prince’s reign, Clarendon was disaf¬ 
forested ; at least it was then first denominated the Park of 
Clarendon. In 1357, when the plague raged in London,and 
in many of the principal towns in England, Edward III. and 
his two royal prisoners, the kings of France and Scotland, 
Vol. XXII. No. 1523. 
577 
passed the summer months at this palace. From that period 
no mention is made of Clarendon till the reign of Edward VI., 
when the whole domain was granted to William Herbert, 
earl of Pembroke, for his own and his son’s life. While the 
latter held it, we are informed by Nichols, in his “ Progresses 
of Queen Elizabeth,” that her majesty was entertained at the 
Lodge, and enjoyed the pleasure of hunting in the park. 
After this event, another chasm occurs in the history of this 
place; but in 1665 we find it mentioned as granted to George 
Monk, duke of Albermarle, by king Charles Ilf At that 
time the superficial contents of the whole park or domain 
were estimated at 4300 acres. Monk bequeathed it to his 
cousin Granville, earl of Bath, from whose heirs it was pur¬ 
chased by Benjamin Bathurst, Esq., ancestor to the present 
proprietor, Frederick Hervey Bathurst, Esq., whose seat, called 
Clarendon Lodge, stands about a mile from the palace. 
This once magnificent edifice, now completely in ruins, occu¬ 
pied an eminence overlooking a narrow vale on its north¬ 
western side; and seems, from the extent of its present remains, 
to have covered a large space of ground. One lofty wall, 
which appears to have been the end wall of some large room, 
is the only part of the structure standing; but numerous 
foundations of other walls may yet be traced. The whole is 
surrounded by a large fosse and vallum, which incloses be¬ 
tween sixty and seventy acres. 
Chlorus’s camp, or Figbury-Ring, is situated to the north 
of Clarendon park, on a hill near the Roman road from 
Old Sarum to Winchester. This entrenchment is circular 
in its form, and is environed by a double ditch and rampart. 
The principal entrance opens towards the east, and is defend¬ 
ed by two small outworks. The country situated to the 
north and north-east of this encampment is intersected in 
various directions by banks and ditches, some of which 
seem to form inclosures, while others run out in irregular 
lines, without any apparent connection with each other. 
Several groups of barrows are seen near these ditches, and at 
one point are some appearances indicating the scite of a British 
village. 
Ivy church, situated on the south-east side of Clarendon, 
was formerly the scite of a priory dedicated to the Blessed 
Virgin. This house was founded and endowed by king 
Henry II. for four canons, and subsequently rose to opulence 
and distinction by the munificence of his successors. The 
monks here were the spiritual attendants at the royal chapel 
in Clarendon palace. Ivy church now forms part Of the 
manor of Alderbury, or Oldbury, the property of lord Rad¬ 
nor. Eastward from it stands the village of Farley, the birth¬ 
place of the celebrated Sir Stephen Fox, ancestor to the pre¬ 
sent Earl of Ilchester and Lord Holland. 
Longford castle, the seat and property of the Earl of Rad¬ 
nor, is situated about three miles to the south-east of Salis¬ 
bury, on the banks of the river Avon, which flows through 
the park in a clear, rapid, and broad stream. The house 
was erected in 1591, by Sir Thomas Gorges and his lady, on 
the scite of a more ancient mansion, said to have been built 
by Walter Walerm, lord of Longford, in the reign of Richard 
I. It is a triangular structure, in imitation of the noted 
Catholic Monogram of the Trinity, with a court in the cen¬ 
tre, and a round tower at each angle. The external walls 
are composed of stone and flint; and the principal front was 
formerly adorned with a great profusion of architectural orna¬ 
ments, all in stone; such as columns, pilasters, sculptured 
friezes, balustrades, caryatides, &c. This curious building 
was formerly surrounded by a deep moat, and from the views 
of it, drawn by Thacker, the grounds appear to have been 
bedecked with fish-ponds, parterres, dipt hedges, and ter¬ 
races. All these, however, have long been swept away, and 
the castle itself is destined to be demolished, and a much 
larger edifice raised in its stead. This mansion contains a 
very extensive and valuable collection of pictures, many of 
them by the first masters. Here is also a steel chair, re¬ 
markable for the great labour and ingenuity displayed in its 
execution. It was made by Thomas Rukers, at the city of 
Ausgburg, in the year 1575, and consists of more than 130 
compartments, occupied by groups of figures, representing a 
7 II series 
