584 
SAL 
SAL 
caused him to be expunged from the list of senators by the 
censors Appius Claudius and Calpurnius Piso. He was 
afterwards restored by Julius Caesar, promoted to the digni¬ 
ties of quaestor and praetor, and nominated to the government 
of Numidia. In this high office he enriched himself so 
much by pillage and rapine, that on his return to Rome he 
was enabled to build himself a magnificent villa, with exr 
tensive gardens, on the Quirinal Hill, which even still retain 
the name of Sallust. He married Terentia, the divorced 
wife of Cicero, and from this circumstance, it has been said 
by some, arose an everlasting hatred between the orator and 
the historian; though, according to others, this enmity was 
occasioned by the defence which Cicero undertook to make 
for Milo in the case of Clodius. Sallust died in the 51st 
year of his age, in the year 35 “before the Christian era. 
The vices of this man deserve a peculiar stigma, on account 
of their contrast with the rigid morality contained in his 
writings, which might lead the incautious reader to take 
him for a Cato. But while the man and the statesman must 
be ever held in contempt and abhorrence, the author has 
always been regarded as one of the ornaments of the age and 
country in which he flourished. He had composed a history 
of the Roman republic, from the death of Sylla to Cati¬ 
line’s conspiracy: of this nothing remains but a few frag¬ 
ments. His only compositions that have come to modern 
times, in a'state of tolerable perfection,are the history of Cati¬ 
line’s conspiracy, and of the wars of Jugurtha, king of Nu¬ 
midia. In these works, which have met with uniform ap¬ 
plause, the author is greatly admired for the elegance, the 
vigour, and the animation of his sentences: he every where 
displays a wonderful knowledge of the human heart, and 
paints with a most masterly hand the causes that gave rise to 
the great events which he relates. No one was better ac¬ 
quainted with the vices that prevailed in Italy, from his 
own practice of many of them; and no one seems to have 
been more severe against the follies of the age, and even 
those failings of which he not only stood guilty in the face 
of the world, but must have stood self-condemned. His 
descriptions are elegantly correct, and his harangues are 
nervous and animated, and, apparently, extremely well 
adapted to the character and different pursuits of the great 
men in whose mouths they are placed. By the moderns it is 
agreed that the concise energy of the Latin language is no 
where displayed to more perfection than in the existing works 
of Sallust, in which there is great skill shewn in sketching 
the characters that come under his notice. By his contem¬ 
poraries his style was criticised for an affectation of the use 
of old words, and an occasional obscurity, produced by the 
boldness of figure and excess of brevity. Notwithstanding 
this defect, if it were a defect, his reputation stood very high 
in Rome: Martial calls him “ primus in Romana historia 
and Tacitus speaks of him as “ rerum Romanarum fioren- 
tissimus auctor.” Quintilian compares him to the Greek 
Thucydides. 
Though faithful in every other respect, he has not painted 
the character of Cicero with all the fidelity and accuracy 
which the reader claims from the historian; and in passing 
over in silence many actions which reflect the greatest honour 
on the first husband of Terentia, the rival of Cicero has dis¬ 
graced himself, and rendered his compositions in some re¬ 
spects suspicious. There are preserved also, under the name 
of Sallust, two orations to Caesar, “ De Republica Ordi- 
nanda,” and two declamations against Catiline and Cicero. 
The authenticity of the orations is doubtful, and the de¬ 
clamations are, by the best informed critics, decided to be 
spurious. Of this author the editions have been numerous, 
but the-most esteemed are those of Gronovius, cum. not. var. 
Lug. B. 1690; of Wasse, Cantab. 1710; of Havercamp, 
Amster. 1742: and of Edinburgh, 1755. There are other 
persons noted in Roman history of the same name: of whom 
one was a nephew of the historian, by whom he was adopted. 
He is said to have imitated the moderation of Maecenas, 
and to have remained satisfied with the dignity of a Roman 
knight, when he could have made himself powerful by the 
favour of Augustus and of his successor Tiberius. Horace- 
dedicated one of his odes to him. Secundus Promotus Sal- 
lustius was a native of Gaul, and the intimate friend of the 
emperor Julian. He is remarkable for his integrity, and the 
soundness of his counsels. He was prefect of Gaul. There 
is another “ Secundus,” sometimes confounded with Pro¬ 
motus, who was also a favourite of Julian, who made him 
prefect of the East. He conciliated the good graces of the 
Romans by the purity of his morals, and the excellence of 
his religious principles. After the death of Jovian, he was 
universally named by the officers of the Roman empire to 
succeed to the imperial throne, but he declined the honour, 
pleading old age, and its attendant infirmities, as his excuse. 
The Romans would have invested his son with the imperial 
purple, but the father very wisely opposed so dangerous a 
situation for the young man, saying that he had not ex¬ 
perience to support the dignity to which they would have 
elevated him. 
SALLUVII, in Ancient Geography, a people of Gallia 
Narbonnensis, whose capital was Aquae Sextiae. These people 
are the same with the Salians: they were anciently enemies 
of the Romans: but in the year of Rome 629, the consul 
M. Fulvius repulsed their enterprises, and their chief Teu- 
tomal, in the year 631, was defeated by C. Sextius Calvinus, 
who was the consul that founded Aquae Sextiae. Pliny. 
SA'LLY, s. [sallie, Fr.] Eruption; issue from a place 
besieged; quick egress.—The deputy sat down before the 
town for the space of three winter months; during which 
times sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were 
beaten in with loss. Bacon. —Range; excursion.—Every 
one shall know a country better, that makes often sallies into 
it, and traverses ft up and down, than he that, like a mill- 
horse, goes still round in the same track. Locke. —Flight; 
volatile or sprightly exertion.—These passages were intended 
for sallies of wit; but whence comes all this rage of wit? ; 
Stillingfleet. —Escape; levity; extravagant flight; frolick; 
wild gaiety; exorbitance.—The episodical part, made up of 
the extravagant sallies of the prince of Wales and Falslaff’s' 
humour, is of his own invention. Malone. 
To SA'LLY, v. a. To make an eruption; to issue out. 
The noise of some tumultuous fight: 
They break the truce, and sally out by night. Dry den. 
SA'LLYPORT. s. Gate at which sallies are made. 
My slippery soul had quit the fort. 
But that she stopp’d the sallyport. Cleaveland. 
SALM, the name of several principalities or domains in 
Germany. The territory originally of this name, lay chiefly 
in Lorraine and Luxemburg; but having been ceded to 
France in 1802, the possessors were indemnified out of the 
secularisations to the east of the Rhine, and stand at present 
as follows: —1st. Salm-Salm, and Salrn Kirburg, possess, 
in or near the bishopric of Munster, territory to the extent of 
620 square miles, with a population of 60,000. 2d. Salm 
Reiferscheid, subdivided into four branches (two bearing the 
title of princes, and two that of counts), possess domains, 
partly in Suabia, partly in Bohemia, Moravia, and‘the Ne¬ 
therlands. 
SALM, a small river of the grand duchy of the Lower 
Rhine, which rises near Manderscheid, and falls into the 
Moselle near Numagen; 8 miles below Treves. ’ 
SALM, Old, a small town of the Prussian province of 
the Lower Rhine; 12 miles north-north-east of Spa, and 45 
north of Luxemburg. Population 2500. It was the chief 
place of the Lower county of Salm. 
SALMAGUNDI, s. [It is said to be corrupted from 
selon man gout, or sale a mon gout. Johnson. —The 
French write it salmigondi ; and the author of La Vie 
Privee des Francois, says, it originally signified an entertain¬ 
ment among tradesmen, or low artisans, where each person 
brought a different dish. Cotgrave calls it a hash, made of 
cold meat sliced and heated in a chafingdish, with crums of 
bread, wine, verjuice, vinegar, nutmeg, and orange peel. 
Malone. —“ It is probably a corruption of the Latin sal- 
gama, salted meats, preserved fruits. Todd. ]—A mixture of- 
chopped 
