SAL 
SAL 
599 
foot or more in length; thirdly, the salmon obtains a con¬ 
siderable bulk before it begins to breed; the samlets, on the 
contrary, are found both male and female of their common 
size, and are readily distinguished by being furnished 'with 
either the hard or soft roes; fourthly, they are found in the 
fresh waters all times of the year, and even at seasons when 
the salmon-fry have gained a considerable size. It is well 
known that at Shrewsbury (where they are called Samsons,) 
they are found in such quantities in the month of September, 
that a skilful angler, in a coracle,' will take with a fly from 
twelve to sixteen dozen in a day. They spawn in November 
and December, at which time those of the Severn push up 
towards the head of that river, quitting the smaller brooks, 
and return into them again when they have done spawning. 
They have a general resemblance to the trout, and must, 
therefore, be described comparatively. 
The head is proportionally narrower, and the mouth 
smaller; the body deeper; the length seldom more than six 
or seven inches, or at most about eight and a half; the pec¬ 
toral fins have generally but one large black spot, though 
sometimes a single small one attends it; whereas the pectoral 
fins of the trout are more numerously marked; the spurious 
or fat fin on the back is never tipped with red, nor are the 
edges of the anal fin white; the spots on the body are fewer, 
and not so bright; the body is also marked from back to 
sides, with six or seven large blueish bars; but this Mr. 
Pennant allows to be not a certain character, as the same is 
sometimes observed in young trouts; lastly, the tail of the 
samlet is much more forked than that of the trout. The 
samlet is very frequent in the rivers of Scotland, where it is 
called the parr. It is also common in the Wye, and is there 
known by the title of skirling or laspring. 
64. Salmo Groenlandicus, or Greenland salmon.—Length 
about seven inches, which it very rarely exceeds; shape 
lengthened, contracting somewhat suddenly towards the tail; 
dorsal fin placed in the middle of the back; fins rather 
large for the size of the fish; scales small; tail forked; 
colour pale green, with a tinge of brown above; abdomen 
and sides silvery; in the male fish, just above the lateral line, 
is a rough fascia, beset with minute pyramidal scales, stand¬ 
ing upright like the pile of a shag. The use of this villous 
line is highly singular, since it is affirmed, that while the fish 
is swimming, and even when thrown on shore, two, three, 
or even as many as ten, wall adhere, as if glued together, by 
means of this pile, insomuch that if one is taken, the rest 
are also taken up at the same time. This species swarms off 
the coasts of Greenland, Iceland, and Newfoundland, and'is 
said to be one of the chief supports of the Greenlanders. 
The inhabitants of Iceland are said to dry great quantities of 
it, in order to serve as a winter food for their cattle, whose 
flesh is apt to acquire an oily flavour in consequence. This 
fish lives at sea the greatest part of the year; but in April, 
May, June, and July, comes in incredible shoals into the 
bays, where immense multitudes are taken in nets, and after¬ 
wards dried on the rocks. When fresh, they are by some 
said to have the smell of a cucumber, though others affirm 
the scent is highly unpleasant. They feed on small'crabs, 
and other marine insects, as well as on the smaller fuci and 
confervas, on which they are also observed to deposit their ova. 
SA'LMON, s. [saumon , Fr.] A well-known fish. See 
Salmo. —They take salmon and trouts by groping and 
tickling them under the bellies in the pools, where they 
hover, and so throw them on land. Carew. 
SALMON, a river of the United States, in Connecticut, 
which runs into the river Connecticut, in East Haddam. 
SALMON, a river of the United States, in New York, 
which flows into Lake Ontario; 4 miles north of Mexico 
point. Length 60 or 70 miles. There is on this river, 
about 10 miles from the lake, a tremendous cataract, which 
has a descent of 110 feet perpendicular. 
SALMON (Francis), a learned Frenchman, who flourished 
in the last century, was descended from an opulent family, 
and born at Paris, in 1677. Attached from his earliest years 
to a studious life, he acquired considerable skill in the learned 
languages, particularly in those in which the scriptures of 
the Old and New Testament are written, and became a very 
able divine, as well as intimately conversant with the fathers 
and the councils. In the year 1702, HtfWaS' ‘Created doctor 
of divinity by the faculty of the Sorbonne, and afterwards, 
on account of his great knowledge of books, received the 
appointment of librarian to their society. He died suddenly 
at Chaillot, near Paris, at the age of 60, in the year 1736. 
It is mentioned, very much to his praise, that young men 
ever found in him an able and affectionate adviser, who 
liberally communicated to them his knowledge, and took 
great pleasure in directing them to such books as were best 
adapted to the respective subjects they were pursuing. As 
an author, he is known by “ A Treatise on the Study of the 
Councils and their Collections, with Observations on the 
Authors who have written on the Subject, and on the Choice 
of their Editions,” 1724. This work, which was replete 
with erudition, was favourably received by the learned world, 
was translated into Latin, and printed at Leipsic, in 
1729. M. Salmon intended to have given a supplement to 
“ Father Labbe’s Collection of Councils” and had made con¬ 
siderable progress in it when death put a stop to his labours. 
M. Salmon also had projected an “Index Sorbonicus,” or 
alphabetical library, in which was to be given, under the 
names of the respective authors, their acts, lives, chronicles, 
histories, books, treatises, bulls, &c. dispersed through a vast 
number of miscellaneous collections. In this task he was 
assisted by four doctors of the Sorbonne, but the only fruit 
of their labours, as far as the public was concerned, were a 
“ Conspectus” of the work, and “ Epistola plurium e Socie- 
tate ad illustrum Marchionem Scipionem MafFeium, de Ra- 
tione Indicis Sorbonicis, seu Bibliothecee quam adornant.” 
SALMON (Thomas), an English historian and general 
writer, of whose personal history nothing is known, except 
that he died in 1743. He was concerned in writing the 
“ Great Universal Dictionary:” he compiled likewise a 
work entitled “ The present State of all Nations;” and he 
was author of what was, at one time, a very popular work, 
entitled “ A Geographical Grammar,” the plan of which 
was afterwards adopted by Guthrie. Salmon was author 
likewise of the “ Chronological History of England,” in 
2 vols. 8vo., and of an “ Examination of Burnet’s History 
of his own Times.” 
SALMON COVE, a port on the north-west coast of 
North America, in Observatory inlet, so named from the 
abundance of salmon found there by Captain Vancouver, 
Lat. 35. 20. N. long. 230. 21. E. 
SALMON CREEK, a river of the United States, in Ca¬ 
yuga county, New York, which runs into the south end of 
Lake Cayuga; 19 miles long. 
SALMON CREEK, a river of the United States, in 
Franklin county, New York, which runs into the St. Law¬ 
rence ; 7 miles north of French Mills, 
SALMON CREEK, Big, a river of Upper Canada 
which runs into Lake Ontario. 
SALMON FALL, a name given to the river Piscataqua, in 
part of its course. See Piscataqua. 
SALMON-PEEL, the name of a fish found in great 
plenty in the rivers of Wales, agreeing in the colour of its 
flesh, and perhaps in kind, with the common salmon. 
SALMON-PIPE, in our old writers, an engine to catch 
salmon, or such like fish. 
SALMON RIVER, a river of New Brunswick, which runs 
into the St. John. Lat. 47, N. long. 67. 32. W. 
SALMON RIVER, a river of New Canada, which runs 
into the Pickouagamis, Lat. 48. 30. N. long. 731 30. W. 
S ALMON-SE WSE, a name sometimes used for the young 
fry of salmon. 
SA'LMON-TROUT, s. A trout that has some resem¬ 
blance to a salmon. See Salmo. —There is in many rivers 
that relate to the sea salmon-trouts as much different from 
others, in shape and spots, as sheep differ in their shape and 
bigness. Walton. 
SALMSHOHE, a lofty mountain of Upper Austria, in 
the circle of Salzburg, near the great Glockner, 8650 feet in 
perpendicular height. 
SALMULU 
