SAL 
SAL 
607 
the hall of the senate, and the prison. The latter is an ex¬ 
tensive structure, of which the lower divisions are exceedingly 
strong and secure, the windows having two sets of bars 
about eighteen inches from each other, of heavy circular iron. 
These dungeons are entered from a grated room above, by 
trap-doors. In the centre of the first story is a well secured 
hall, out of which open a number of dark cells, about six 
feet square, that have strong close doors, but no windows, 
and are provided each with a heavy chain, fastened to a 
ring in the wall. These cells are for inquisition and state 
criminals. The prison seldom contains less than two hun¬ 
dred persons, the greater part confined for offences disgrace¬ 
ful to society; and the rest run-away slaves, and state victims, 
too frequently placed there on the most trifling pretences. 
A small hospital adjoins the prison; but, from the heat of 
climate, the close situation of the building, the want of a 
free circulation of air, and the total neglect of cleanliness, 
there are upwards of a hundred burials in a year. The 
custom-house and wharfs are on the beach, as also is the 
dock-yard; near which are the marine store-houses and 
offices, with the house of the intendant, or port commander. 
Some, but not many, of the superior class of in¬ 
habitants, have erected for themselves large and elegant 
mansions, particularly in the vicinity of the town and 
have appropriately fitted them up. The habitations of other 
individuals who are opulent, are roomy and convenient, but 
shabbily furnished. Viewing them from the street, they 
have a dull and dirty appearance; and what they thus pro¬ 
mise from without, is completely realised within. The 
houses belonging to tradesmen and shopkeepers are still more 
disgusting; instead of glazed windows, they have wooden drop 
lattices, which want even the addition of painting to enliven 
or preserve them. The lowest order of soldiers, mulattoes, 
and negroes, have tiled cabins, open to the roof, with a single 
lattice window. These several and different buildings, with 
the exception of a street or two, are all intermingled through¬ 
out the city, and exhibit a motley and disagreeable appear¬ 
ance. The city is protected by a number of forts and bat¬ 
teries ; but, with the exception of one of eighteen guns, of St. 
Phillips, and Do Mar, they are nearly nugatory, from the 
want of ordnance. As the present defence rests entirely on the 
last mentioned fort, we shall describe it minutely, taking only 
a cursory notice of the others. The Fort Do Mar was erected 
about the year 1600, on a small rocky bank of the inner bay, 
three-quarters of a mile from the shore. It was first built in a 
circular form ; but when the Dutch entered the bay in 1624, 
they were so greatly annoyed by it, during their attempt to 
take possession of the place, that they thought it deserving of 
additional fortifications, and they completed it to the shape it 
bears at present, raising the original tower, and surrounding 
it with an extensive lower battery. The diameter of the 
whole is about two hundred and seventy feet, and that of the 
upper tower battery a hundred: the lower battery mounts 
twenty-nine guns, of which there are a few that are forty-two 
pounders, and none less than twenty-four; the upper contains 
only sixteen, consisting of twenty-fours and eighteens. The 
tower ascends from the level of the lower battery about twen¬ 
ty-five feet; it is not a solid mass, but has several apartments, 
which diverge like rays from the centre to the exterior, and 
are employed as magazines for powder, artillery stores &c., and 
for barracks. The top of the tower is paved with flag-stones 
carefully cemented and sloped, to preserve the rain that falls 
on its surface, which, collecting in the centre, descends through 
a grate info an extensive reservoir below, and affords a suf¬ 
ficiency of water for thegarrison for six months, without any 
other supplies. The house and offices of the commandant, 
and some rooms for state or military prisoners, are ranged on 
the lower battery, near the sloping entrance of the fort, on 
the side fronting the sea. The garrison, when complete, 
consists of five hundred men, but few only attend duty, to 
avoid expense. The shipping usually anchor between this 
fort and the city, where they are immediately under its pro¬ 
tection, and that of St. Phillips, on the opposite shore. On 
the extreme point of the peninsula, and nearly opposite the 
bar, is the small antique fort and light-house of St. Antonio Do 
Barro; and in proceeding to the bar, a deep small bay in¬ 
dents the shore, rising to a sandy beach, and flanked on one 
side by the trifling fort of Santa Maria, and on the other by 
St. Diego, which is a circular battery; at the extremity of 
the city that leads to the sea, an eighteen-gun battery, chiefly 
twenty-fours, ranges at water-mark, and is in tolerable condi¬ 
tion. Passing this, the dock-yard is defended by the high 
bulwark battery of St. Philips, mounting about thirty guns 
of various bores. There are three other insignificant batteries 
on the inhabited part of the beach, and a small one on the 
point of Montserrat. The city is defended on the land side, 
at the south and north passes, which are parallel to the beach, 
by three forts; on the south by the-extensive fortification 
and outworks of St. Pedro’s, the completest of the whole, but 
at the present moment nearly dismantled.- The northern pass 
is a valley, entirely commanded by Barbalho on the one side, 
and St. Antonio Do Carmo, on the opposite eminence, 
nearer the bay. This last is a quadrangular fort, that has a few 
guns peeping over its glacis. It is said that of all the guns 
which, according to the last returns to government, were 
mounted on the different forts, 94 were all that were truly 
serviceable. From the recent changes that have occurred, 
it is probable, however, that these fortifications are now 
better provided with artillery. There is in the city about 
5000 infantry ; their pay and appointments are miserable ; 
but they are well armed. The government dock-yard ad¬ 
mits on the stocks only a ship of the line at a time. There 
are several private dock-yards near the city, in which well- 
modelled merchant ships of all dimensions are built. This 
capital carries on a considerable commerce, chiefly in linen, 
cloths, hats, silk and thread stockings, grain, rice, flour, biscuit, 
port wine, household utensils, negroes, oil, cheese, butter, and 
bacon ; in exchange for which, it exports gold, sugar, 
tobacco in leaf and in dust, brazil wood, skins, balsam of 
copaibi, ipecacuanha, and many other drugs. The inha¬ 
bitants of the city aud suburbs are estimated at upwards of 
100,000, of whom 30,000 are whites, 30,000 mulattoes, and 
the rest negroes. Lat. 12. 58. S. long. 38. 32. 30. W. 
SALVADOR, St. a district of Guatimala, in South 
America, which produces in great abundance, sugar-cane and 
indigo, and is of a very fertile soil. 
SALVADOR, St. the capital of the above province, 
situated on the banks of a river, which at the distance of 12 
miles runs into the Pacific Ocean. It has a little trade, and is 
the residence of a governor. Population about 5000 Indians, 
whites, and castes; 140 miles east-south-east of G uatimala. 
Lat. 13. 14. N. long. 89. 20. W. 
SALVADOR, St. a settlement of Peru, in the province of 
Calca and Lares. 
SALVADOR, St. a settlement of Quito, in the province of 
Quixos and Macas.—It is also the name of several other in¬ 
considerable settlements. 
SALVADOR, St. a river of the province of Buenos Ayres, 
which rises near the coast of the river Plata, runs west, and 
enters the Uruguay. 
SALVADOR, St. a river of Brazil, in the province of Rio 
Janeiro, which runs east, and enters the sea. 
SALVADOR, St. one of the Bahama islands, in the north 
Atlantic ocean, discovered by Columbus in 1492. It is also 
known by the name of Cat island; this island, except at 
the south extremity, is very narrow. The population in 
1797, amounted, including whites, to 657, and in 1803, the 
era of patented estates granted by the crown for cultivation, 
to 28,903. Lat. 24. 20. N. long. 75. 40. W 
SALVADOR, St. Little. See Little Island. 
SALVADOR, San, an island on the coast of New Spain, 
Lat. 32. 43. N. long. 118. 30. W. 
SALVADOR A [so named by Garcin from Salvadore, an 
apothecary at Barcelona], in Botany, a genus of the class 
tetandria, order monogynia, natural order of Atriplices (Juss). 
—Generic Character. Calyx: perianth one-leafed, four- 
cleft ; lobes revolute. Corolla one-petalled ; tube short; 
borderfour-cleft; segments oblong, revolute. Stamina: fi¬ 
laments 
