SAL 
beginning of November lo April, and showers and frosts 
follow till about the end of June. The heat then becomes 
intense in the valleys, and brings forward the vegetation with 
uncommon rapidity. The Sirocco, so well known in the 
Mediterranean, passes along these valleys -from Italy, and 
though much cooled in this mountain track, has not even 
here lost its power of producing languor: though it seldom 
lasts above a day, it never fails to cause a sudden thaw and 
flood. 
This country produces, in favourable situations, wheat, 
oats, barley, and other corn. Its pastures are more exten¬ 
sive; but its chief wealth consists in its minerals, viz. the 
salt of its northern, and the metals of its southern mountains. 
In the latter, gold is found occasionally; silver less rarely ; 
while iron and lead are abundant. The annual product 
of the salt mines of Hallein approaches to 100,000/. sterling. 
The productive industry of the country, however, is very 
limited, the materials seldom undergoing any other prepara¬ 
tion than smelting, and the iron being almost all exported in 
bars. Hence, as in Auvergne, Westphalia, and other poor 
countries, a general habit of emigration among the active but 
illiterate inhabitants of the province, who traverse the adja¬ 
cent states, either in quest of labour, or for the sale of their 
petty commodities. Salzburg was formerly subject to an 
archbishop, who was a prince of the empire, and primate of 
Germany. On the general secularisation in 1802, Salzburg 
was made an electorate, and given with some additional 
territory, to the grand duke of Tuscany. In 1806 it lost its 
new rank, and was incorporated with the Austrian states; 
but in 1809 it was transferred to Bavaria. After the over¬ 
throw of Buonaparte, it was restored, with the exception of a 
part of its territory, to Austria : the revenue afforded by it is 
about 100,000/. a year. So early as the 16th century, a 
number of the inhabitants of Salzburg embraced the refor¬ 
mation, and became exposed to persecution from their archi- 
episcopal rulers. The result, after several changes of treat¬ 
ment, was the emigration of no less than 30,000 of the inha¬ 
bitants, with their property, in Prussia, the Protestant part of 
the north of Germany, and in part lo the English colonies 
in North America, where their descendants, in numbers 
greatly increased, are still to be discerned. 
SALZBURG, a city in the south-west of Austria, and ca¬ 
pital of the preceding proviuce. It stands on the banks of 
the Saltza, at the commencement of a long defile which tra¬ 
verses the Rhoetian Alps. Having been for ages an archi- 
episcopal see, it contains a greater number of churches and 
clerical buildings than is proportioned to a town of a popu¬ 
lation of 13,000. The cathedral, one of the earliest speci¬ 
mens of Italian architecture in Germany, is more' remarkable 
for solidity than elegance: it has two towers in front, and is 
altogether in the Roman style of building. The university 
of Salzburg, founded in 1623, subsisted nearly two centuries, 
but was converted in 1810 into a lyceum or academy, with 
a theological and surgical school. Here are likewise elemen¬ 
tary schools of different kinds, and a seminary for educating 
country schoolmasters. Salzburg has two public libraries on 
a small scale. Its charitable institutions are well endowed. 
The most striking feature of the place is its romantic situation 
amidst lofty mountains. The citadel, no longer kept in re¬ 
pair, stands in a bold and commanding situation, and one of- 
the gateways leading into the town is cut through a solid 
rock, being 300 feet in length, 30 in height, and 24 in 
breadth. Salzburg has few manufactures, except hardware, 
from the materials supplied by the adjacent mines. In May, 
3818, above 100 houses were destroyed here by accidental 
fire; 63-miles east-south-east of Munich, Lat. 47. 43. 10. 
N. long. 13. 1. 25. E. 
SALZBURG, or Sovar, a town in the north-east of 
Hungary. It contains 4000 inhabitants, and has several 
brine springs, which produce about 6000 tons of salt annually, 
the brine being so rich as to deposit a considerable quantity of 
the salt without the aid of artificial evaporation. There are 
also mines of rock salt in the neighbourhood, but they are 
r of wrought, having been long since filled with water, which 
S A M 615 
is allowed to remain ; 84 miles north-north-east of Erlau, and 
2 south-south-east of Eperies. 
SALZBURG, or Vizakxa, a small town of Transylvania. 
Though situated in what is termed the Saxon province, the 
inhabitants are Magyars and Walachians, employed chiefly 
in the neighbouring salt-works and mines, which are the 
most important in the country; 4 miles north-west of Her-' 
manstadt. 
SALZ DER HELDEN, a small town situated in the 
north of Germany, but in the south of Hanover, on the 
Leine. Here are productive salt-works. Population 1000 ; 
2 miles south-east of Eimbeck, and 19 north of Gottingen. 
SALZ-DETFURT, a small town of Germany, in Hano¬ 
ver ; 8 miles south-south-east of Hildesheim, with 1000- in-' 
habitants, and some salt-works. 
SALZGITTER, another small town of Hanover; 11 miles 
north of Goslar. Population 1600. Outside of the walls is 
a salt-work called Sal^liebenthal, belonging in common to 
Hanover and Brunswick. 
SALZ-KAMMERGUT, a district of Upper Austria, lying 
between Styria and the lake of Traun, on both sides of the 
river Traun. Its extent is 254 square miles; its population 
14,000, partly Lutherans, but chiefly Calvanists. This is 
a very rugged and romantic track, affording to its inhabit¬ 
ants few resources, except in the forests and salt-works, both 
of which belong to government. 
SALZKOTTEN, or Soltkott, a small town of Prussian' 
Westphalia, in the principality of Paderborn, containing 
1200 inhabitants, with a good salt-work; 8 miles west-south¬ 
west of Paderborn, and 11 east-by-south of Lipstadt. Lat. 
51. 40. 45. N. long. 8. 35. 7. E. 
SALZO, a small town in the north of Italy, in the duchy of 
Parma, situated on an eminence in the district called Stato’ 
Pallavicino. 
SALZSCHLURF, a small town of the west of Germany, 
in Hesse-Cassel; 9 miles west of Fulda, with salt-works, and 
a population of 900. 
• SALZSTETTEN, a small town of the west of Germany, 
in Wirtemberg, near Horb, with 900 inhabitants. 
SALZUFLEN, a small town of the north-west of 
Germany, in the county of Lippe-Detmold; 12 miles north- 
north-west of Detmold. Population 1300. 
• SALZUNGEN, a small town of the interior of Germany, 
in the duchy of Saxe-Meinungen, on the river Werra; 10 
miles north-west of Schmalcalden. It contains 2200 
inhabitants, employed chiefly at the salt-works, which pro¬ 
duce between 6000 and 7000 tons a-year. 
SALZWEDEL, or Soltwedel, a town of Prussian 
Saxony, in the government of Magdeburg, on the river 
Jeetze ; 27 miles east of Hamburgh. It is surrounded with 
wails, and is divided by a branch of the river, into the old 
and new towns. It contains 6000 inhabitants, and has six 
churches, three hospitals, and a gymnasium. Its chief 
manufactures are the weavingof woollen, linen, and cotton.. 
Leather is tanned, and the whole of the surrounding country 
is supplied with shoes from this place. The traffic in corn, 
cattle, and hops, is also considerable. In the spring of 
1813, an engagement took place here between a Russian 
and a French division, to the disadvantage of the latter. 
SAM, is to curdle milk for cheese, or set the curd. A 
provincialism. 
SAM-GROUND, a term applied to coarse-ground oats or 
barley used forfattening different sorts of live-stock, as neat 
cattle and hogs, as well as for the feeding of horses in some 
cases. It is much used in the northern districts. The meal 
of this coarse-ground grain is never sifted, but the whole is 
eaten together by the animals. A provincialism. 
SAM A, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Ariea, 
where there is a creek which serves to shelter fishermen’s 
barks. 
SAMA, on the Gold coast, the same as Ghamah, which 
see. 
SAMABALETA, a river of New Granada, in the province 
of Santa Martha, which enters the Lebrija. 
SAM AC A, 
