616 
SAM 
SAMACA, a settlement of New Granada, in the province 
of Tunja, which is fertile in wheat, maize, and barley, and 
contains 250 Indians, and more than 300 house-keepers. 
SAMACHINA, a village of Asiatic Russia, in the govern¬ 
ment of Irkoutsk ; 68 miles north-west of Ilimsk. 
SAMADERA, in Botany, a barbarous name used by 
Gsertner for Vitmannia. 
SAMADET, a small town in the south-west of France, 
department of the Landes, with 1300 inhabitants. In the 
neighbourhood is dug a large quantity of turf; 9 miles south- 
by-east of St. Sever. 
SAMADJE, or Samagi, a village of Irak, in Persia. 
SAMADONG, a large town in the interior of the island 
of Java; 144 miles south-east from Batavia. The 
surrounding country is in the highest state of cultivation, 
and with the luxuriant fertility, and pleasing diversity of hill 
and dale, mountain and valley, afford a highly picturesque 
and beautiful scene. The inhabitants here are fairer in 
their complexions, and possess softer features, than in the other 
parts of the island. The women are also gracefully shaped 
and beautiful. 
SAMAGALLI, a settlement of Quito, in the province of 
Quixos and Macas, on the shore of the river Avenico. 
SAMAGALOVA, a village of Tobolsk, in Asiatic Russia, 
on the Tara; 60 miles north of Krainsk. 
SAMAIPATA, a settlement of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 
which contains above 600 Spanish inhabitants. 
SAMAK, or Samahe, an island in the south-western 
part of the gulf of Persia, about 12 leagues in circumference, 
SAMAKOV, a small town of European Turkey, in 
Romania. It has some iron works, with a manufactory of 
ships’ anchors, and other heavy iron goods, which are 
exported by the Danube; 33 miles south-south-east of 
Sofia. 
SAM ABOUT, a: village of Upper Egypt, situated on the 
western side of the Nile, near which MouradBey was defeated 
by the French ; 14 miles south of Girge. 
SAMAMINGKOOS, a town of Ludamar, in Africa, 
chiefly inhabited by Foulahs. 
SAM AN A, a town of Hindostan, province of Delhi, 
belonging to a native chief in alliance with the British. Lat. 
30. 2. N. long. 75. 48. E. 
SAMANA, a large bay at the east end of the island of St. 
Domingo, which opens to the north-east, between Cape 
Samana, which is also called Cape Reson or Cape Gran¬ 
deur, on the north; and Cape Raphael, south-east of the 
former, 20 miles apart. Its mean breadth is about 11 miles, 
and its length 39. Some mariners reckon Pointe d’lcaque, 
or Icaque point, as the south point of the bay, which comes 
after Cape Raphael, and is only 30 miles from the head of 
the bay, and lies in Lat. 19. 8. N. and 'long. 69. 13. W. 
This bay offers a safe shelter to the largest squadrons. Ly¬ 
ing to the windward of the island, it has the advantage over 
all the other places as a maritime post, which renders it 
capable of protecting the whole gulf of Mexico, to which it 
is in reality a key. The entrance is difficult, and very 
narrow ; because from the south side of its opening runs a 
breaker, which advances in a point towards Port Banister, and 
between which and the north coast nature has placed the 
rack or shallow, called the Rebels. This rock narrows the 
entrance, so that between it and the land, forming the north 
side, in the interior of the bay, there is little more than 800 
fathoms. Thus, with a battery on shore, and another on the 
lOQk, the Rebels would, by their cross fire, completely 
defend the entrance against even the smallest vessels; and a 
battery on the other side of the Rebels would effectually 
prevent any vessel from entering between it and the breakers. 
Samana was taken by the English in November 1808.— 
There is also a settlement of the same name in this bay. 
SAMANA, an island near the east coast of Hispaniola ; 
33 miles long, and from 7 to 9 broad. Lat. 19. 13. N. 
long. 69. 22. W. 
SAMANA, or Crooked Island, one of the Bahama 
islands. Lat, 22.50. N. long. 74. 4. W. 
SAM 
SAMANA, Cape, at the east end of the island of Samana. 
Lat. 19. 13. N. long. 69. 11. W. 
SAMANAP, a town on the south-east coast of the island 
of Madura. It is a large and populous town, and the 
residence of a prince. It is situated on a fine bay, which, 
though rather shallow, will admit of large brigs or country 
prows, lying close up to the town. This place carries on an 
extensive commerce; and the country abounds in rice, and 
teak timber for building. Here the Dutch used to build their 
largest ships for the country trade. Few European Dutch 
settlers are now remaining here, but the half-cast population 
is still considerable, and thegrumber of native inhabitants is 
very great. The bay is much frequented by merchant vessels, 
which adds greatly to its importance. The fort is much out 
of repair, and its situation is badly chosen; so that, in fact, 
it is only of use as a depot. The British resident’s house, 
and a few others belonging to individuals, are fine buildings. 
The old prince of Samanap, worn out with age, has sur¬ 
rendered the reins of government to his second son, who 
appears to be of a mild disposition, and is greatly esteemed 
by the people. The heinous character of the old sovereign 
may be read in his countenance, which is of a most diabolical 
cast. The princes live separately, but their courts shew little 
or no splendour; 82 miles from Bancallang, on the west 
coast of Madura. Lat. 7. 5. S. long. 114. E. 
SAM AND, a town of Hindostan, province of Moultan, 
district of Bakar, tributary to the Afghans. It is situated on 
the eastern side of the river Indus. Lat. 28. 11, N. long. 19; 
57. E. 
SAMANDRAKI. See Samothrace. 
SAMANEANS, a kind of magi, or philosophers, erro¬ 
neously confounded by some with the Brahmins, or Brach- 
mans, who, proceeding from Ariana, a province of Persia, 
and the neighbouring countries, spread themselves in India, 
and taught new doctrines. According to some writers, the 
Brahmins, before their arrival, were in the highest period of 
their glory ; they were the only oracles of India, and their 
principal residence was on the banks of the Ganges, and in 
the adjacent mountains; while the Samaneans were settled 
towards the Indus. Others say, that the Brahmins derived 
all their knowledge from the Samaneans, before whose arrival 
it would be difficult to prove that the Brahmins were the 
religious teachers of the Indians. The most celebrated and 
ancient of the Samanean doctors was Boutta, or Budda, who 
was born 683 years before Christ. His disciples honoured 
him as a god; and his doctrine, which consisted chiefly in 
the transmigration of souls, and in the worship of cows, was 
adopted not only in India, but also in Japan, China, Siam, 
and Tartary. It was propagated, according to M. de Sainte 
Croix, in Thibet, in the eighth century, and succeeded there 
the ancient religion of Zamolxis. The Samaneans, or Bud- 
dists, were entirely destroyed in India by the jealous rage of 
the Brahmins, whose absurd practices and fables they affected 
to treat with contempt; but several of their books are still 
respectfully preserved on the coasts of Malabar ;■ and, more¬ 
over, we are told, that several of the Brahmin orders have 
adopted their manner of living, and openly profess the 
greatest part of their doctrines. L'Ezour Vednm , ou Ancien 
Comment, du Vedam x published by M. de S. Croix, Paris, 
1779. 
SAMAQUANTI, a river of New Granada, in the 
province of Choco, which enters the sea in the gulf of 
Darien. 
SAMAR, one of the Philippines, situated south-east from 
the large island of Luzon, from which it is separated by a 
strait about five leagues in breadth. In length it may be 
estimated at 140 miles, by 60 the average breadth. In this 
inland the soil is extremely fertile, easily cultivated, and re¬ 
wards the industry of the labourer with at least forty fold. 
Besides other grain, the Indians sow a considerable quantity 
of rice, but which is wholly intended for the use of the 
parochial clergy, the settlement of Manilla, and the governor 
of the province. The common food of the natives consists 
chiefly in a species of potatoe, yams, and a root named gaby. 
From 
