621 
SAM 
ipiost flourishing in the Jyepore territory. Lat. 26. 55. N. 
Jong. 75. 20. E. 
. SAMBHA, in Hindoo Mythology, a son of Krishna, by 
one of his wives named. Jambavanti, who, in the extravagant 
allegories of that whimsical people, is related to have been 
the daughter of a bear, and won by some heroic exploit on 
die part of Krishna. This has been thought connected 
with some astronomical allegory; Krishna being the sun. 
Several children are stated to have been the offspring of this 
connection. •Sambha stole a daughter of a Kuru rajah, 
which gives rise to several battles in which the thief is made 
•prisoner. The differences were healed for the time, but ap¬ 
peared to have laid the foundation of the future wars described 
in the Mahabarat. 
SAMBHAR, Cape, a cape on the south-west coast of the 
island of Borneo. Lat. 2. 52. S. long. 109. 50. E. 
. SAMBHU, a name of Siva, the destructive power of the 
Hindoo trimurti, or triad. Siva is often called by the name 
<?f Sambhu, which is said to be an abbreviation of Swayam- 
bhu, or the self-existing. See Swayambhu. 
SAMBO, the offspring of a Negro man with an Indian 
woman, or of an Indian man with a Negro woman. His 
colour is nearly, that of a grif or cobb, the produce of a 
Mulatto or Negro. The Sambo is well formed, muscular, 
and able to endure fatigue. 
SAMBOANGAN, a cape on the south-west coast of Min¬ 
danao. Lat. 6. 43. N. long, 122. 10. E. 
SAMBOANGAN, a Spanish fortress and settlement on the 
south-west extremity of the island of Magindanao. The 
town is situated on the banks of a small rivulet which flows 
into the sea. The number of inhabitants is about 1000, 
among which are included the officers, soldiers, and their 
respective families. In its environs are several small look-out 
houses, erected on posts twelve feet high, in all of which a 
constant guard is kept against the hostilities of the natives, 
with whom the Spaniards are in a state of perpetual hostility. 
The fort is built of masonry, and has a high wall close to the 
sea. It is not very capacious, the church and many of the 
houses being without the walls; but the cannon of the fort 
commands, them, and can far oppose any approach that may 
be made that way by an enemy. There is a clear plain, of 
some extent, towards the land. A swamp also on one side 
of the fort, adds to its strength. As a place of defence, how¬ 
ever, it is of no importance, and is in a state of rapid decay. 
Towards the sea is no harbour, only au open road; but many 
islands around make the road a very good one. On some 
of those islands, the Spaniards keep a breed of hogs. The 
tides on the springs are pretty strong in the offing, and the 
passage between Sainboangan and the island Basilan, which 
belong to Soolco, being narrow, the Spaniards prevent 
Chinese junks from passing this way to Magindanao. The 
garrison is said to consist of about forty or fifty American 
Spaniards, a few native Spaniards, and about a hundred 
Bisayans, or natives of the Philippines. They are generally 
very deficient in discipline. To this place criminals from 
the Philippines are sent into banishment; but the inhabitants 
are nevertheless said to be more polished in their manners 
than this circumstance would seem to indicate, being in¬ 
structed by their priests in music and dancing; in both of 
which accomplishments they are great proficients, being well 
acquainted with European music, particularly with Handel’s 
compositions. The adjacent country is extremely fertile, 
and cattle have multipled everywhere, to the great diminu¬ 
tion of their value. Pirates swarm in the neighbourhood, 
and they frequently plunder and cut off Spanish vessels richly 
laden, while lying in the harbour. They frequently also 
make descents close to the fort, and carry off the inhabitants, 
whom they sell into slavery. About the year 1755, this 
fortress was captured by the Sooloos. Lat. 6. 45. N. long 
122.10. E. 
SAMBOR, a circle of Austrian Poland, lying to the north 
of Hungary. Its superficial extent is 1780 square miles; its 
population 237,000; and it is consequently one of the largest 
in Galicia. The Dniester has its souree in this circle, and 
Voi. XXII. No. 1527. 
SAM 
traverses the northern part, while the Strv traverses the south. 
This latter portion is intersected by a number of lofty moun¬ 
tains. See Galicia Austrian. 
SAMBOR, a town of Austrian Poland, and the chief place 
of the above circle. It is situated in a large plain, on the 
banks of the Dniester; 46 miles south-west of Lemberg, and 
160 east-south-east of Cracow. It is the seat of a criminal 
court, has a gymnasium or college, and a high school, and 
contains 6400 inhabitants, partly Catholics, partly of the 
Greek church. They are employed in manufacturing and 
bleaching linen, and in making salt. Government has 
also erected a depot here, both for the latter article and for 
tobacco. Lat. 49. 31. 30. N. long. 23. 14. 30. E. 
SAMBOR, Old, a small town of Austrian Poland, near 
the former. 
SAMBORN, a village of England, in Warwickshire, four 
miles north-west of Alcester. Population 588. 
SAMBOROUGII, Cafe, a cape on the south-east coast 
of Nova Scotia. On it is a light-house. Lat. 44. 30. N. 
long. 63. 22. W. 
SAMBRE, a river which rises in French Flanders, near 
Landrecies, passes by Charleroi, and falls into the Meuse, at 
Namur. Its banks were, in 1794, the scene of several san¬ 
guinary conflicts. 
SAMBU, a river of the province of Darien, in South 
America, which falls into the Pacific ocean. There is also a 
settlement of the same name on its banks. 
SAMBUCA, an Ancient Musical Instrument. The sam- 
buca is said to have been invented in Syria, by a person of 
the name of Sambicus, and it is pretended that it was used 
by the first Sybil: Suidas, however, asserts it to have been 
invented by Ibycus. 
. Athenaeus describes it as an acute instrument with four 
strings. Porphyry pretends that it was of a triangular form, 
and that its strings were of different lengths. St. Jerom, St. 
Isidor, and many others, assure us that it was a wind instru¬ 
ment. How unprofitable, alas! is all the information we 
are now able to acquire concerning the musical instruments 
of the ancients : we are not only ignorant of their form and 
species, but even uncertain of their names. The prophet 
Daniel is the first who speaks of symphony as an instru¬ 
ment, and of the sambuca, when he describes the magnifi¬ 
cence of Nebuchadnosor, at the time when he commanded 
every one to fall down and worship the golden calf. 
SAMBUCA Lincea, an instrument of more modern times, 
invented in the 16th century by Fabio Colonua, of Naples, 
descended from the illustrious Roman family of that name. 
This instrument had 500 strings, and the inventor in de¬ 
scribing and recommending its use as a perfect instrument, 
published a tract in 4to., at Naples, in 1618. It was not 
only to express the three genera of the ancients, but to have 
distinct strings for the major and minor tones and semitones 
Of the modern diatonic genera. This impracticable instru¬ 
ment has been described by Mersennus, lib. 6. Harmonico- 
rum, prop. 13., and Waltber has given his divisions of r a 
tone info five parts, in his plates, tab. ix. fig. 7. 
SAMBUCUS, the name of an ancient engine of war, used 
by Marcellus in besieging the city of Syracuse. 
It was so big, that Plutarch, in the life of that general, 
observes, two ships were required to carry it. 
SAMBUCUS [of Pliny. Akt^ of the Greeks], in Botany, 
a genus of the class pentandria, order trigynia, natural order 
of dumosae: caprifolia (Juss .)—Generic Character. Calyx: 
perianth one-leafed, superior, five-parted, very small, per¬ 
manent. Corolla: one-petalled, rotate-concave, five-cleft, 
blunt: segments reflex. Stamina: filaments five, awl-shaped, 
the length of the corolla: anthers roundish. Pistil: germ 
inferior, ovate, blunt: style none, but instead of it a ven- 
tricosegland: stigmas three, blunt. Pericarp: berry round¬ 
ish one-celled. Seeds three, convex on one side, angular 
on the other .—Essential Character. Calyx five-parted. 
Corolla five-cleft. Berry three-seeded. 
1. Sambucus ebulus, or dwarf elder.—Root creeping. 
Stems herbaceous, three feet high, upright, leafy, branched 
7 T above, 
