622 SAM 
above; the branches opposite and upright. Leaves oppo¬ 
site, unequally pinnate, dark green: leaflets four to six pairs, 
ovate-lanceolate, smooth above, downy with a slight rough¬ 
ness underneath; the lowermost often lobed. Stipules large, 
leafy. Cyme terminating, in three principal branches, and 
those dividing into many others, hairy and many-flowered. 
All the flowers pedicelled.—Native of many parts of Europe, 
in waste ground, and balks of corn fields, by hedges and way 
sides: flowering in July. 
2. Sambucus Canadensis, or Canadian elder.—Cymes 
five-parted, leaves sub-bipinnate, stem frutescent. This rises 
to the height of twenty feet in North America, but in Eng¬ 
land it is seldom much more than half that height.—Native 
of North America. 
3. Sambucus nigra, or the common elder.—The common 
•elder grows to a bushy tree, twelve or sixteen feet in height, 
much branched, and covered with a smooth gray bark when 
young, which becomes rough on the trunk and older 
branches. Wood hard, tough, yellow, polishing almost as 
well as the box-tree; the younger branches containing a 
very large proportion of medullary matter or pith. Leaves 
opposite, unequally pinnate: leaflets commonly five. Cymes 
terminating, dividing into five principal branches, and many 
small ones. Flowers cream-coloured, with a sweet but faint 
smell, especially when dried.—Native of Britain and many 
other parts of Europe; also of Africa, Japan, &c. The leaves 
and stalks are so nauseous, that few animals will browse upon it. 
4. Sambucus Japonica, or Japonese elder.—Cymes three- 
parted, stipules none, stem shrubby.—Native of Japan. 
5. Sambucus racemosa, or red-berried elder.—This sends 
up many shrubby stalks from the root, rising ten or twelve 
feet high, and dividing into many branches, which are co¬ 
vered with a brown bark. Leaves opposite; the lower ge¬ 
nerally composed of two pairs of leaflets, terminated by an 
odd one. Flowers of an herbaceous white colour, appearing 
in April, and sometimes succeeded by berries, which are red 
when ripe.—Native of Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and 
Siberia. 
Propagation and Culture. —Dwarf elder propagates it¬ 
self, by its creeping roots. The other sorts may be propa¬ 
gated by cuttings. 
SAMBUNARA, a town of Bambouk, in Western Africa, 
near which is a gold mine. Sixty miles south of Gallam. 
SAMBURGH HEAD, a cape of Scotland, at the south¬ 
east extremity of the island of Shetland. Lat. 39. 44. N. 
long. 1. 39. E. 
SAMCOCK, one of the Ladrone isles, where good water 
is to be found. 
SAME, adj. Not different; not another; identical; 
being of the like kind, sort, or degree. 
Th’ etherial vigour is in all the same 
And ev’ry soul is fill’d with equal flame. Dry den. 
That which was mentioned before. 
Do you but think how well the same he spends. 
Who spends his blood his country to relieve. Daniel. 
SAME, adv. [pm, Saxon ; often used in composition ; as 
pm-msele, agreeing together; pm-pypcan, to work together, 
from the Su. Goth, sam, con. Spenser writes this word sam 
for the sake of his rhyme. Todd.] Together. Obsolete. 
What concord han light and darke satn ?- 
Or what peace has the lion with the lamb ? Spenser. 
SAMEE, a town of Gallam, or Kajaaka, in Western 
Africa, beautifully situated on the Senegal; 20 miles east of 
Toag. 
SAMEN, a province of Abyssinia, consisting of a chain 
of immense mountains, extending along the western and 
northern banks of theTacazze, and separating the high country 
of Tigre, from the low fertile regions around the capital. It 
is eighty miles long, but seldom so much as thirty broad. 
The highest mountain is called the Jew’s rock, and the whole 
chain is very rugged. 1 
S A'MENESS, s. Identity ; the state of being not another; 
SAM 
not different.—Difference of persuasion in matters of religion 
may easily fall out, where there is the sameness of duty, 
allegiance, and subjection. King Charles. —Indistinguish¬ 
able resemblance.—-If all courts have a sameness in them, 
things may be as they-were in my time, when all employments 
went to parliament-men’s friends. Swift. 
SAMER, a small town in-the north of France, department 
of the Pas de Calais; 12 miles south-east of Boulogne. Po¬ 
pulation 1600. 
SAMERIUS (Henfy), a learned Jesuit, was born at 
Manche, a small city in the duchy of Luxemburg, in the 
year 1540. He entered the society at the age of 21, in their 
college of Cologne, and during the progress of his studies, 
became distinguished for a deep knowledge in history and 
chronology. He was well qualified for the duties of a mis¬ 
sionary into Protestant countries, by the address with which 
he could assume a borrowed character. It was on this ac¬ 
count, that, when Mary, queen of Scotland, then a prisoner 
in England, had expressed a desire to have a priest of the 
Jesuits’ order to attend upon her,. he was sent into this 
country in the character of a physician. Under this disguise 
he gained access to that princess, and attended her some 
years, officiating privately as her confessor. At length he 
had some reason to believe, that the agents of Elizabeth 
began to suspect him, and he made his escape to the conti¬ 
nent. After this he was sent as a missionary into the United 
Provinces; where, on the capture ofSteenwyck, in Overyssel, 
by the English auxiliaries, in the year 1592, he was dis¬ 
covered, and thrown into prison. Through the grace of 
Count Maurice he obtained his liberty, and permission to 
retire to his native country. He died at Luxemburg in 1610, 
in the 70th year of his age. As an author, his chief work 
was entitled “ Chronologia Sacra ab orbe condito usque ad 
Christum natum,” 1608. This work is said to possess the 
merit of correcting a vast number of errors which had been 
made by preceding writers. Gen. Biog. 
SAMGANOODHA, or Samnanoodha, a harbour on 
the north-east side of Oonalashka island, on the north-west 
coast of North America; 10 miles east of Egooshak bay. 
Ships can lie here landlocked from all winds, in seven, six, 
and four fathoms water. It abounds with hallibut, salmon, 
&c. Lat. 53. 55. N. long. 166. 30. 15. W. 
SAMGAUM, a town of Hindostan, province of the Car¬ 
natic, and district of Nelloor, situated on the north side of 
the Pennar river. Lat. 14. 33. N. long. 70. 44. E. 
SAMHAR, a mountainous district of Abyssinia, to the 
north of Dixan, with a town of the same name. 
SAMI, a town of Ludamar, in Western Africa; 84 miles 
east of Benowm. 
SAMI, the Sanscrit name of the Adenanthera aculeata, 
of the wood of which the Brachmans, who devote themselves 
to the priesthoood, are in certain sects constrained to kindle 
a fire by the process of attrition. This is done on entering 
their sacerdotal office by means of a simple machine called 
Arani, which is thus constructed and used: a piece of a plank 
of a foot in length, and half that in diameter, has a small 
conical hole or socket in the upper side, into which is intro¬ 
duced the end of a pin, about a foot long and an inch in 
diameter, the other end of which forms a moveable handle: 
this is held steady in the left hand of the operator, who with 
a bow, having its string twice wound loosely round the up¬ 
right pin, twirls it quickly backwards and forwards with his 
right hand. The pin and socket fitting closely, the attrition 
of the two pieces of hard wood soon produces fire. 
SAMIA TERRA, an earth of the marie kind, found in 
the island of Samos, and much used both in medicine and in 
the pottery of the ancients. 
SAMIARII, among the Romans, were a kind of furbishers, 
who, with Samian earth, polished the arms of the praetorian 
soldiers, and emperor’s guards. 
SAMIAVERAM, a town of Hindoostan, in the Carnatic; 
10 miles north of Tritchinopoli. 
SAMICUM, in Ancient Geography, a territory in Tri- 
phylia, situated near the coasts, north-west of Lepreum. 
Near it are a temple of Neptune, held in great veneration, 
and 
