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•SAN 
S A N 
SANDAL-BRICKS. See Brick. 
SANDAL-WOOD, in Botany. See Santalum and 
Sirium. 
SANDAL, Great, a parish of England, West Riding of 
Yorkshire, where is a handsome church, and the remains of 
a castle, anciently belonging to the earls of Warren; 2 
miles from Walefi'eld, and 185 from London. Population 
2458. 
SANDAL, Kirk, a parish of England, West Riding of 
Yorkshire; 4 miles north-east of Doncaster. 
SANDALARIUM, or Sandai.arius Vicus, in Ancient 
Geography, the fourth quarter of Rome, in which was a 
temple of Apollo, built by Augustus. 
SANDALIGERULI, among the Ancients, servants whose 
business it was to carry their masters’ or mistresses’ sandals. 
SANDANAH, Cape, the extreme of the high land that 
forms the north-east end of the island of Java, and the north 
entrance of Baly straits on the west and north-west side. 
Lat. 7. 46. S. long. 114. 35. E. 
SANDAPELONES, among the Romans, a kind of 
porters, who were employed in carrying the bier called 
sandapila. 
SANDAPILA, among the Romans, a sort of bier used 
for carrying out the corpses of people of low circumstances. 
It was not a bed, but a kind of wooden chest, made of a 
few boards nailed together, and was usually burnt along 
with the body. 
SANDARACLI, in the works of some of the ancients, 
a name by which the yellow matter collected on the legs of 
bees is called; others of them called it erit/iace, and some 
ambrosia. We usually esteem this to be wax; but the ex¬ 
periments of Reaumur, and others, evidently prove, that it 
is not real wax; though it contains the matter of which wax 
is to be made: it is only the farina of flowers, collected 
into lumps, and probably serves the bees as food; and after 
it has afforded them nourishment, suffers some change in 
their bowels, by which it is converted into the substance we 
call wax. 
Sandarach is also a native mineral; the same with what 
is by some otherwise called realgar. 
It is sometimes also called sandaraclia Graecorum , in 
opposition to the gum sandarach. Some distinguish two 
sorts of Grecian sandarach: the natural , which is the first 
above described; and the factitious, which is only cerusse 
exalted by the fire, and burnt into a kind of minium. Both 
the one and the other are deadly poisons. 
Sandarach, Gum, or Sandaraclia Arabum, a resinous 
juice oozing out of the trunk and thick branches of several 
kinds of juniper, in the warmer climates, and particularly on 
the coasts of Africa, by incisions made in the heats of the 
summer. 
This juice concretes into semipellucid, pale yellowish tears 
or globes, resembling mastich, but larger: the resin, thus 
formed, has a light agreeable smell, but no considerable 
taste; it dissolves in rectified spirits and in oils both ex¬ 
pressed and distilled; but being nearly a pure resin, yields 
little or nothing to watery liquors. 
The small or common juniper yields very little sandarach; 
but its fruit yields oils, waters, salts, spirits, and extracts of 
some repute in medicine. 
The gum sandarach is an ingredient in varnish, and hence 
has been called vernix. With this, melted in oil of tur¬ 
pentine, is made the factitious varnish now used by painters 
and cabinet-makers. It is also reduced into an impalpable 
powder, called pounce, used to prevent paper from imbibing 
ink. 
Gum sandarach has been sometimes given internally in 
diarrhoeas and haemorrhages, its dose being from ten grains 
to half a drachm. Now it is hardly ever used for any medi¬ 
cinal purposes. 
The best is in fine white tears, free of dust; the English, 
Swedes, &c. drive a considerable trade with it. 
SANDARLIE, a small town on the western coast of Asia 
Minor, near the head of a bay called the gulf of Sandarlie; 
10 miles north-north-west of Smyrna. 
SANDARUS, the original name of the gum, which later 
ages have, by corruption of the name, called sandarax, or 
sandaraclia. The latter name is peculiarly improper, as it 
.confounds this innocent gum with a poisonous mineral of the 
arsenic or orpiment kind. See Sandarach. 
SANDAU, a small town in the north-west of Bohemia; 
39 miles north-west of Pilsen, and 79 west of Prague. 
Population 800. In the neighbourhood are mines of cobalt, 
garnets, and topazes. 
SANDAU, a town of Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe; 
48 miles north-by-east of Magdeburg, with 1400 inha¬ 
bitants. 
SANDAY, one of the Orkney isles, about 13 miles from 
north-west to south-east, and varying in breadth from 1 mile 
or less in some places, to 2 or 3 in others, so that the whole 
surface does not exceed 19 square miles It is of an irregular 
figure, having many extended points, with bays running 
inland. Being low and flat, which prevents it from being 
seen at a distance, it is remarkable for shipwrecks. It is of a 
light soil, being everywhere mixed with sand; but when 
well manured, it produces as good crops as any island in the 
Orkneys. Of 12,160 acres which it contains, 1725 are in 
constant tillage, and tolerably fruitful. It lies to the north¬ 
east of the isles of Eday and Stronsay, from which it is 
separated by a channel from two to three miles broad. The 
surface is low and flat, particularly on the east coasts which 
not only renders the coast dangerous to mariners, but subjects 
the island to inundation from a spring tide, with a gale of 
easterly wind. It yields some grain of inferior quality for 
exportation; but the staple commodity is kelp, of which 
about 500 tons annually are manufactured. There are two 
harbours, at all times safe and accessible: viz. Kettleloft on 
the south, and Otterswick on the north, nearly opposite to 
each other, and separated by a plain. Large shoals extend a 
great way from the coast; and on them many vessels are 
shipwrecked. In January, 1806, a light-house was erected in 
the vicinity of Stmday, 100 feet above the level of the sea, 
which displays a strong revolving light every other minute. 
Population 1800. 
SAND-BAY RIVER, a river of the United States, in the 
Illinois territory, which discharges itself into the Mississippi, 
between the mouths of Rocky and Illinois rivers. 
SANDBEACH, or Sandbach, a market town of England, 
in Cheshire, very pleasantly situated on an eminence near the 
little river Wheelock, which falls into the Dane, about 5 
miles below the town. Here is a large ancient church, and 
a chapel for the Methodists. In this market-place were two 
square crosses, ornamented with various images, and a carved 
representation of the crucifixion, but these have been removed. 
This town was formerly famous for its malt liquor, and had 
also a considerable worsted yarn manufacture, but this trade 
has declined. The Grand canal passes not far from the town. 
Market on Thursday. Population 2311; 26 miles east of 
Chester, and 161 north-north-west of London. Lat. 53. 8. 
N. long. 2. 23. W. 
SA'NDBLIND, adj. Having a defect in the eyes, by 
which small particles appear to fly before them.—My true 
begotten father, being more than sandblind, high gravel 
blind, knows me not. Shakspeare. 
SANDE, a small river of Brazil, which enters the 
Toccantines. 
SANDEC, one of the eighteen circles or districts into 
which Austrian Galicia is divided. It lies in the south-west 
of the province, on the borders of Hungary, and is watered 
by the Donajetz and the Poprad, the latter being the only 
river common to Galicia and Hungary. It is of a very 
irregular form, and contains 1400 square miles, with 195,000 
inhabitants. Its surface is covered with small hills, which 
increase in magnitude towards the south; but it has no 
elevation that deserves the name of a mountain. It contains 
extensive forests, and the abundance of wood has been the 
cause of erecting a considerable number of glass-houses. 
SANDEC, New, the chief town of the above circle of 
Austrian Poland, stands on the Donajetz; 160 miles west of 
Lemberg, and 44 south-west of Cracow. It contains 3700 
inhabitants. 
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