638 
SAN 
educated for the ministry, and removed from his native 
place to Amsterdam, where he died in 1680, at the early 
age of thirty-six. He was author of “ Nucleus Historiae 
Ecclesiasticae,” giving an account of the Arians 5 this work 
was first published in 1668, in two vols. 8 vo. It was after- 
wards printed in an enlarged form, at Cologne, in 1676; 
and then in London, in 1681. His next work was pub¬ 
lished in 1671, entitled “ Tractatus de Origine Animae.” 
And in 1677 he sent into the world “ Note et Obser¬ 
vations in G. J. Vossium de Historicis Latinis,” in which 
his great learning, judgment, and accuracy, are said to be 
very advantageously displayed. Among his other works 
may be mentioned “ Centuria Epigrammatum “ Inter¬ 
pretations paradoxre IV. Evangeliorum“ Confessio 
Fidei de Deo Patre, Filio, et Spiritu Sancto, secundum 
Scripturam “ Scriptura Sacrae Trinitatis Revelatrix 
and among the numerous manuscripts which he left behind 
him, a treatise was found, that was afterwards given to the 
world under the title of “ Bibliotheca Anti-Trinitariorum, 
sive Catalogus Scriptorum, eDsuccincta Narratio de Vita 
eorum Auctorum, qui praterito et hoc Saeculo, vulgo recep- 
tum Dogma de tribus in unico Deo per omnia rEqualibus 
Personis vel . impugnarunt, vel docuerunt solum Patrem 
D. N. J. Christi esse ilium verum seu altissimum Deum.” 
“ This curious work,” says the biographer of Sandius, 
“ presents us with a long catalogue of Unitarian writers, 
and of the works which they composed, nearly in the 
chronological order. Besides enumerating the productions 
of the respective authors, it gives an account of the different 
editions, of the translations of them which have been pub¬ 
lished, and sometimes of the occasions on which they were 
written.” Annexed to the “ Biblotheca” are several 
interesting documents, which throw a good deal of light 
on the ecclesiastical history of the Unitarians in Poland and 
Lithuania. 
SANDNESS, a parish in the western parts of the Main¬ 
land of Shetland, united with Walls, Papastour, and Fowla, 
in forming a parochial district. Population 533. 
SANDOMIR, a palatinate or province of the kingdom of 
Poland, according to the territorial division of 1815. It is 
bounded on one part by the Vistula, on another by the 
Pilica: the rest of the boundary is formed by the palatinate 
of Cracow. Its area is about 4700 square miles, with 
448,000 inhabitants. Like the rest ot Poland, it abounds in 
wood, and has extensive forests towards the middle. It has 
also several sandy tracks and marshes, but in general is of 
great fertility, and wants only a skilful and efficient cultiva¬ 
tion to render it a flourishing country. The part lying to¬ 
wards the south-east, around the town of Sandomir, is re¬ 
markable for its fertility. This palatinate has also a greater 
variety of minerals than is common in Poland. It has no 
salt; but iron, lead, copper, and zinc, are found and 
wrought here.—Sandomir was also the name of palatinate in 
the old kingdom of Poland. It was of considerable extent, 
but in 1772, the part to the right of the Vistula was ceded to 
Austria, and has remained in her possession ever since. 
SANDOMIR, a town in the south of Poland, on the 
Vistula, opposite to the influx of the San, and the chief 
place of the foregoing palatinate. In a remote age, before 
Poland had acquired much extension, this was the residence 
of the court. At present it is a poor place, the houses built 
of wood, the population only 2100. It is surrounded with a 
wall and moat; it has a gymnasium or great school; but its 
trade, notwithstanding its position at the confluence of two 
considerable rivers, is insignificant; 108 miles south-by-east 
of W arsaw. 
SANDON, a parish of England, in Essex; 2 miles west- 
by-south of Danbury. 
SANDON, a parish of England, in Hertfordshire; 5 
miles north-west of Buntingford. Population 580. 
SANDON, a parish of England, in Staffordshire; 4 miles 
north-north-east of Stafford. Population 480. 
SANDOR1CUM, in Botany, a genus of the class decan- 
dria, order monogynia.—Generic Character. Calyx: pe- 
S A N 
rianth one-leafed, tubular, five-toothed, short. Corolla: pe, 
tals five, lanceolate, spreading. Nectary: tube cylindrical, 
length of the petals, with a ten-toothed mouth. Stamina: 
filaments none; anthers ten, oblong, within the mouth of 
the nectary. Pistil: germ globular, superior. Style fili¬ 
form, length of the nectary. Stigma thickish, grooved, ten- 
rayed ; the rays recurved. Pericarp: berry (drupe) roundish, 
depressed, five-lobed, succulent, one-celled. Seeds five, 
large, convex on one side, angular on the other .—Essential 
Character. Calyx five-toothed. Petals five. Nectary cy¬ 
lindrical, truncate, bearing the anthers at its mouth. Drupe 
filled with five nuts. 
Sandoricum Indicum.—This is a tree with an ash-coloured 
bark, and the wood red in the middle Leaves alternate, on 
long petioles, ternate. Leaflets petioled, roundish-ovate, 
acuminate, veined, quite entire, smooth above, ferruginous- 
tomentose beneath. Petioles tomentose. Panicle narrow, 
axillary, longer than the petiole, naked.—Native of the Phi¬ 
lippine and Molucca Islands. The fruit is acid. It is called 
Hantol in the Philippine Islands. 
SANDOWN, a village of England, in the Isle of Wight, 
situated on a bay of the same name. Here is a tort, 
which was erected by Henry VIII. to command the bay. It 
is a regular square, flanked by four bastions, and encom¬ 
passed by a wet ditch ; 2 miles south of Brading. 
SANDOWN CASTLE. See Sandwich. 
SANDRART (Joachim de), was born at Franckfort, in 
1606, and at the age of 15 went to Prague, where he was 
instructed by G. Sadelee, in engraving; but was advised by 
him to become a painter. He therefore placed himself with 
G. Houthorst, at Utrecht, and under his instruction acquired 
considerable power. He went to Rome and Venice, and at 
the latter place copied several pictures of Titian and P. Ve¬ 
ronese. At the former, he was employed by the prince Jus- 
tiniani and the cardinal Barberini, and after a long residence 
there returned to his native country. Towards the latter part 
of his life, he resided at Nuremberg, where he established an 
academy, and composed several works on art, particularly 
his lives of the painters, under the title of “ Academia Artis 
Pictorise,” in 1683. By this work, he is better known than 
by his paintings, which possess no striking degree of cha¬ 
racter. He died at Nuremberg, in 1688, aged 72. 
SANDRIDGE, a parish of England, in Hertfordshire; 3 
miles north-east of St. Alban’s. Population 649. 
SANDSTING, a parish of Shetland, united to that of 
Aithsting. 
SANDSTONE, s. Stone of a loose and friable kind, 
that easily crumbles into sand.-—Grains of gold in sandstone, 
from the mine of Costa Rica, which is not reckoned rich ; 
but every hundred weight yields about an ounce of gold. 
Woodward. 
The grains or particles of sandstone are generally quartz, 
sometimes intermixed with felspar or particles of slate. 
When the cementing matter is lime, such sandstones are 
called calcareous sandstones: frequently the cementing mat¬ 
ter is oxyd of iron intermixed with alumine. The particles 
of sand in sandstones vary greatly in size, some being so 
minute as scarcely to be visible. In other sandstones, the 
grains or particles are of considerable magnitude. Geolo¬ 
gists have generally admitted, that all sandstones have been 
formed mechanically, from the debris of pre-existing rocks, 
broken down and cemented together; but this opinion 
appears to have been too hastily formed. Some sandstones 
are highly crystalline, and the particles adhere closely with¬ 
out. any visible cement: we have no more authority tor con¬ 
sidering such rocks to be mechanical formations, than we 
have for considering granite to be so, which is universally 
admitted to be the result of a crystalline process. In fact, 
some very small-grained granites differ little from sandstone; 
and amongst the rocks which have been classed as primary, 
there are some which alternate with a fine-grained granular 
quartz-rock, differing in no respect from some of the crys¬ 
talline sandstones occurring among secondary rocks. In¬ 
deed, when we consider that quartz, felspar, and mica toge- 
gether, or two of these substances, frequently form fine¬ 
grained 
/ 
