SAN 
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him ; but instead of answering them, he claimed his privi¬ 
leges, and insisted on the right of the church of Durham: 
he even denied the archbishop’s power in visitation, upon 
. which the archbishop, without hesitation, excommunicated 
him. Dr. Whittingham appealed to the queen, who ap¬ 
pointed a commission to inquire into the merits of the case. 
Of this commission the president and another of the mem¬ 
bers were friendly to the Puritans, so that Whittingham 
escaped without censure. The archbishop was not at all 
satisfied that the matter should thus have terminated, and he 
made some other attempts to harass the object of his enmity, 
which created against the prelate a great degree of odium. 
His eagerness also to find out Papists, and prevent their perni¬ 
cious designs, rendered him very obnoxious to persons of 
that communion. His life was thus rendered a scene of 
perpetual contention and warfare, in which he had of course 
numerous enemies, by whom many attempts were made to 
ruin his reputation and interest. One scheme, which was 
planned with this view, is thus related. In May, 1582, he 
slept at an inn in Doncaster, where, through the contrivance 
of Sir Robert Stapleton and other persons, his enemies, the 
innkeeper’s wife was, in the middle of the night, and while 
he was asleep, conveyed into his bed. At the same moment, 
and according to a preconcerted plan, the husband rushed 
into the room with a drawn dagger, threatening to avenge 
an injury which he pretended to have sustained. By the 
disturbance, Sir Robert Stapleton was supposed to have 
been awaked, and coming into the room, and seeming to 
give credit to the charge, advised the prelate to satisfy the 
innkeeper rather than suffer such a report to be noised 
abroad. The archbishop protested his innocence. Ad¬ 
mitting the fact, said the cunning Stapleton, still the credit 
of religion requires that the suspicion should not for a mo¬ 
ment get abroad. The archbishop unwarily followed the 
advice, and was accordingly laid under heavy contributions 
for a considerable time. At length he, by some means, 
discovered the hypocrisy of Stapleton, and brought the af¬ 
fair into the star-chamber; and after a full examination of 
the business, he was declared innocent, and Sir Robert, 
with his accomplices, were sentenced to an imprisonment 
and heavy fines. He died, after a life of toil and trouble, 
in July, 1588, in the 69th year of his age. Several Letters, 
and other papers written by him, are inserted in Strype’s 
“ Annals,” in his “ Life of Archbishop Whitgift,” and in 
Burnet’s “History of the Reformation.” In the year 1616, 
twenty-two of his discourses were collected together, and 
printed in a small quarlo, under the title of “Sermons of 
the Most Rev. Father in God, Edwin, Archbishop of 
York." 
SANDYS (George), a traveller and poet, bom in 1577, 
was the youngest son of the preceding. He was educated 
at Oxford, and in 1610 set out on his travels, which, after 
he had visited the principal parts of Europe, he extended to 
Greece, Turkey, Palestine, and Egypt. On his return, 
he employed himself in digesting the observations which he 
had made, and which he published in 1615, in a folio vo¬ 
lume. His descriptions chiefly relate to the Eastern coun¬ 
tries, and to Italy. The book was extremely popular for 
some considerable time after it was published. In 1673 it 
had reached to Ihe seventh edition. The author next dis¬ 
tinguished himself as a poet. He died in 1643. He was 
regarded as an accomplished gentleman, as well as a man of 
great worth, learning, and ability. His chief works, as a 
poet, are “Ovid’s Metamorphoses Englished, Mythologized, 
and represented in Figures;” to which was subjoined, “ An 
Essay to the Translation of the iEneis.” In 1636 he pub¬ 
lished “ A Paraphrase on the Psalms of David, and upon 
the Hymns dispersed throughout the Old and New Testa¬ 
ment.” In 1640 he published “ Christ’s Passion,” a trans¬ 
lation of Grotius’s sacred drama, “Christus Patiens.” 
He was thought by Dryden and Pope to have contributed 
very much to the improvement of English poetry. He 
passed the latter years of his life chiefly with Sir Francis 
Wyatt, of Bexley, in Kent. He was intimately acquainted 
with the excellent Lord Falkland, who addressed some poems 
- SAN 
to him, which are printed in Nichols's “Select Selec¬ 
tions.” 
SANDYX, a kind of minium, made of cerusse, or rather 
lead, calcined and rubefied; called also factitious san- 
darach. 
It is little use in painting; the real minium, or red lead, 
to which it is substituted, making a much better, brighter, 
and more durable colour. 
Though the generality of authors have taken this to be 
only a name for the fine red colour, some have plainly used 
it for a blueish-green. 
Strabo tells us, that the colour used by painters in his 
time, and called armenium pictorium, was of a blueish-green 
colour, and that it was called sandycis metallum by some. 
Thus the word zarnich was made to express the same two 
things with the addition of the yellow orpiment; and Avi¬ 
cenna describes them altogether, telling us, that zarnich is 
yellow, red, or green. The two first of these colours are 
natural to zarnich, as the name of orpiment; and there is, 
indeed, a greenish zarnich now also known in the world, but 
that was unknown in his time; and we find that he meant 
the lapis arm anus by the green zarnich. 
SANE, adj. [sanus, Lat.} Sound; healthy. Baynard 
wrote a poem on preserving the body in a sane and sound 
state. Todd. 
SANE, a small river of Prussia, in the province of Bran¬ 
denburg. It falls into the Spree; 12 miles above Berlin. . 
SANFORD, a post township of the United States, in 
York county, Maine; 98 miles north-north-east of Boston. 
Population 1492. 
SANFRE, or Sanfront, a town of the north-west of 
Italy, in Piedmont, province of Alba, situated on an emi¬ 
nence not far from the Po. It contains 3S00 inhabitants, 
and has a fine castle. 
SANFY, in Agriculture, a provincial term signifying 
wet, as land in a rainy season ; soft pulpy ground unfit for 
being wrought. 
SANG. The preterit of sing .—Then sang Moses and 
Israel this song unto the Lord. Ex. xv. 
SANG-FROID, s. [Fr.] Coolness; freedom from agita¬ 
tion.-—He could with the most perfect sang-froid lock up 
this admirable piece in his desk, and wait with philosophic 
patience for a favourable season to produce it. Sheridan. 
SANGA, a sea-port of Japan, in the island of Ximo, re¬ 
gularly built, with wide streets, and defended by a citadel; 
40 miles north-east of Nangasaki. 
SANGAL1IOS, a small town of Portugal, in the province 
of Beira, on the Agueda, containing 1000 inhabitants; 10 
miles west-by-north of Aveiro. 
SANGALL AN, or Cape Gallan, called Cangallan by 
the British seamen, is situated on the coast of Peru, north- 
north-west of the Island of Lobos, and 3 miles north-west of 
Carette Island. On the south side of the cape is a very goed 
harbour, much frequented by the coasting ships from Pa¬ 
nama and Lima. Off this cape the weather is very blustering 
and stormy. 
SAN-GALLO (Antonio de), a celebrated architect, was 
born in the 15th century, in the territory of Florence. His 
father, Antonio Picconi, was a cooper by trade, and Antonio 
was brought up to the business of a joiner. Having, 
however, two uncles, Giuliano and Antonio San-Gallo, 
architects of considerable reputation at Rome, he placed 
himself under their tuition, and assumed their name. He 
soon exhibited considerable talents, and his progress in the 
arts made him known to Bramante, who, in 1512, entrusted 
to him the execution of several works. He soon obtained 
employment from some cardinals; and in the pontificate of 
Leo X., when his uncle Giuliano quitted Rome, he was 
appointed his successor as architect of St. Peter's, in con¬ 
junction with Raphael. He also manifested great skill as an 
engineer, and Leo adopted a plan which he gave for the 
fortification of Civita Vecchia. Under Clement VII. he was 
employed in enlarging and embellishing the Vatican palace, 
and in repairing the fortifications of Parma and Placentia. 
He is also celebrated for the construction of a remarkable 
well 
