SAN 
well at Orvietto, which had two staircases for the descent 
and ascent of beasts of burden. He enjoyed the favour of 
Paul III., who employed him in many important works as 
architect and engineer; and when Charles V. visited Rome 
after his Tunisian expedition, San-Gallo had the planning of 
the triumphal decorations with which he was received. The 
Pauline chapel, and the magnificent staircases by which the 
chapels of the Vatican communicate with St. Peter’s, were of 
his construction. The grandest effort of his genius was a 
wooden model of St. Peter’s, which, however, was not 
closely followed. As he was noted for the solidity of his 
building, he was employed in strengthening the foundations 
of the Vatican, and of the great columns which support the 
cupola of St. Peter’s. Being engaged by the pope to survey 
the inundations of the lake of Marmora, the heat and the 
exhalations from the foul water caused a disease, of which he 
died in the year 1546. Gen. Biog. 
SANG AM A, a river of Western Africa, which crosses the 
country of Waree, and falls into the Atlantic, near Cape 
Formosa. 
SANGAMAIN, a river of the United States, in Illinois, 
which unites with the Illinois, and is navigable for boats 150 
miles. 
• SANGAMSERE, a town of Hindostan, province of 
Bejapore, district of the Con can, and situated on the banks 
of the Jaigur nver. It has been recently taken from the Mah- 
rattas by the British. Lat. 17. 11. N. long. 73. 15. E. 
SANGANEER, a town of Hindostan, province of 
Ajmeer, district of Kotah. It is fortified by a strong stone 
wall and ditch, and garrisoned by the troops of the rajah of 
Kotah. The adjoining territory is desolate, having been fre¬ 
quently overrun by the Mahratta armies. One of the British 
detachments encamped at this place in January, 1818. It is 
situated near the upper part of the Chumbul river. Latitude 
not ascertained. 
SANGAR, a town of Hindostan, province of Malwah, 
belonging to the Mahrattas. Latitude not ascertained, 
i SANGARA, a town of Hindostan, province of Bejapore, 
district of Nandere, belonging to the Nizam. It is situated 
at the junction of the Manzora with the river Godavery. 
Lat. 18. 49. N. long. 78. 12. E. 
SANGARIUS, or Sangaris, in Ancient Geography, a 
river of Asia Minor, which proceeded from mount Didymus 
towards Pessinante, in the borough of Sangarus. The 
-Euxine commences to form a small gulf at the mouth of 
this river, the town of Heraclea being its other boundary. 
This river was famous in antiquity. It is mentioned by 
Livy and Strabo. According to Plutarch, it had borne the 
name of Xerabates. Venus had a temple or chapel on the 
banks of this river, with a statue of the goddess. 
SANGAY, a mountain of South America, in Quito, and 
in the province of Quixos and Macas. It rises to the height 
of 16,122 feet, and its north side is constantly covered with 
snow. From its summit, flames, smoke, and metallic and 
calcined matter, are seen continually to burst forth, accom- 
anied with astonishing explosions, which are sometimes 
eard at Quito, though 135 miles distant. The country ad¬ 
jacent to this volcano is totally barren, occasioned by the 
enormous quantity of stones and cinders continually ejected 
from the mountain. 
SANGAY, a river of the same province and kingdom, 
which rises at the foot of the above mountain, from the 
melted snows, and uniting itself with the Upano, forms the 
Paira, which enters the Amazons with an abundant stream. 
—There is a settlement of the same name on its shores. 
SANGAY, a river of Eastern Africa, which falls into the 
channel of Mosambique. Lat. 13. 22. S. 
SANGBARAH, a town of Hindostan, province of Guje- 
rat, belonging to the Guicowar Mahrattas. Lat. 23. 37. N. 
long. 74. 13. E. 
SANGERFIELD, a township of the United States, in 
Oneida county, New York. It is considerable, and con¬ 
tains a printing-office, from which is issued a weekly news¬ 
paper. 
SANGERSHAUSEN, a town of Prussian Saxony, in 
SAN 647 
Thuringia, near the Hartz mountains. It is surrounded wit 
a wall, is neatly built, has saltpetre works, and some trade 
in corn. In 1758, a corps of Hessians was defeated by the 
French near this town. Population 3600; 36 miles north- 
north-east of Erfurt, and 44 west-by-north of Leipsic. 
SANGIR, an island in the Eastern seas, between 36 and 
40 miles in length, and between 10 and 15 miles in breadth. 
It is of an oblong form, extending in a direction north-north¬ 
west. It is broadest towards the north; towards the south it 
rows narrower, and has several good bays. It is surrounded 
y 40 smaller islands of various dimensions. From the sea 
the, land appears high and well wooded; and the coast has 
better harbours, and is less dangerous from hidden rocks and 
shoals, than most of the Eastern islands. The country is 
well inhabited, and affords refreshments of various kinds, 
such as bullocks, hogs, goats, and poultry; and cocoa-nuts 
are in such plenty, that an oil is expressed from them 
and exported. Spices are also procured, with which a trade 
is carried on to Magindanao. The principal town and bay 
are about the middle of the west coast, and called Taroona, 
in Lat. 3. 28. N. long. 125. 44. E. The anchorage is within 
a mile of the shore, in 60 fathoms, near a small river or 
watering-place. There is also another town, called Tabock- 
ang, nearly opposite, on the east coast. On anchoring, the 
canoes come off in great numbers with goats, fowls, yams, 
cocoa-nuts, and various other fruits and vegetables, for which 
they prefer white metal buttons to any other commodity: of 
money they have scarcely an idea. This and the neighbouring 
islands abound with cocoa-nuts; a fathom of brass wire will 
urchase 100; an ordinary knife 300; and four knives, a 
allet or 601bs. of cocoa-nut oil, and other articles in pro¬ 
portion. Water is procured from the river, but must be 
rafted off, which requires great caution, as the (ides run very 
rapidly near the island. The inhabitants are numerous, and 
appear mild and benevolent;’ many of them are habited like 
Chinese, of which it is probable there is a colony on the 
island. Besides Taroona and Tabockang there are many 
other harbours towards the south end of this island, along 
the middle of which runs a ridge of high mountains, termi¬ 
nated to the northward by a lofty volcano, from which 
there was a great eruption in 1711. Sangir was formerly 
under the influence of the Dutch, who had a small garrison 
here. By the exertions of the missionaries, who preached in 
the Malay tongue, and by the help of several black preach¬ 
ers, Christianity was propagated among the natives with 
considerable success. The population is estimated at above 
12,000. Lat. 3. 28. N. long. 125. 44. E. 
SANGRALOVE, a river of Brazil, in the territory of 
Matto Grosso, which runs south-south-west, and then turns 
west, to enter the Guapore. 
SANGRO, a river in the south part of the kingdom of 
Naples, in the Abruzzo Citra, which falls into the Adriatic.. 
SANGUESA, a small town of the north-east of Spain, in 
Navarre, on the river Arragon; 25 miles south-south-west 
ofPampeluna, and 51 north-west of Saragossa. Population 
2600. 
SANGUFFEROUS, adj. [sangufer , Lat.] Conveying 
blood.—The fifth conjugation of the nerves is branched to 
the muscles of the face, particularly the cheeks, whose san¬ 
guiferous vessels it twists about. Derhant. 
SANGUIFICATION, the conversion into blood of the 
materials which supply the losses experienced by that fluid in 
nutrition, growth, secretion, and the other vital processes to 
which it is subservient. The composition of animal bodies 
is constantly changing; their particles are subject to an 
incessant motion of composition and decomposition. The 
old materials are removed from them by the absorbents, and 
new matter is supplied from the blood by the capillary 
vessels. Various secretions and exhalations occurring 
constantly in many partsofthe body, require acorresponding 
supply of new matter. The source of the supplies required 
for the purposes just specified is the food, which isconvertecT 
by the action of the stomach, and small intestines, into 
chyle. This chyle, instead of being immediately applied to 
the nourishment of parts, &c., is conveyed into the blood; 
which, 
