648 SAN 
which, therefore, is a common receptacle, receiving all the 
new matter, and furnishing all that is necessary for growth, 
nutrition, secretion, &c. The food of animals then under¬ 
goes a threefold change, being converted first into chyle, 
then into blood, and lastly into the various constituents of 
pur frame. It is the second of these changes which con¬ 
stitutes sanguification; by virtue of which the blood, 
receiving on one side, and giving out on the other, remains 
always the same; that is, the same in external appearance 
and obvious properties; animal chemistry not being yet 
sufficiently advanced to detect the differences, which 
different kinds of food, and different states of the system, in 
all probability produce in this fluid. 
What then is the nature of the process by which the 
white milky fluid, the chyle, and the transparent lymphs of 
the absorbing vessels, are converted into blood ? What are 
the agents of this change? Does it occur in the large or 
small vessels ? Is it produced by respiration, by the addition 
of any thing from the air, or the separation of any thing 
from the blood? We do not know. The process of 
sanguification is still a mystery, of which little has hitherto 
been unveiled. 
SA'NGUIFIER, s. [sanguis and facio, Lat.] Producer 
of blood.—Bitters, like choler, are the best sanguifiers, and 
also the best febrifuges. Floyer. 
To SA'NGUIFY, v. n. [sanguis and facio, Lat.] To 
produce blood.—At the same time I think, I command: in 
inferior faculties, I walk, see, hear, digest, sanguify, and 
carnify, by the power of an individual soul. Hale. 
SANGUIN, a sea-port on the Grain coast of Africa, where 
the English had once a factory, and the Dutch carried on a 
considerable trade, but both have now abandoned it, in 
consequence of differences with the natives. 
SANGUIN-TAL-GUIN, a lake of Chinese Tartary; 30 
miles long, and 12 broad. Lat. 49. 8. N. long. 38. 36. E. 
SANGUINARA, a small river of Italy, in the Popedom, 
Patrimonio di San Pietro. It falls into the Tuscan sea. 
SANGUINARIA [from its bloody-coloured juice], in 
Botany a genus of the class poly and ria, order monogynia, 
natural order of rhoeadae papaveraceae (Juss.) —Generic 
Character. Calyx: perianth two-leaved, ovate, concave, 
shorter than the corolla, caducous. Corolla: petals eight, 
oblong, blunt, spreading very much: alternately interior 
and narrower. Stamina: filaments very many, simple, 
shorter than the corolla. Anthers simple. Pistil: germ 
oblong, compressed. Style none. Stigma thickish, two- 
grooved with a streak, height of the stamens, permanent. 
Pericarp: capsule oblong, ventricose, sharp at both ends, 
two-valved. Seeds very many, round, acuminate.— Es¬ 
sential Character. Calyx two leaved. Corolla eight- 
petalled. Silique ovate, one-celled. 
Sanguinaria Canadensis, Canadian sanguinaria, blood- 
wort, or puccoon.—Root tuberous, thick, fleshy, not unlike 
that of Tormentilla, placed transversely, with several slender 
fibres descending from it; of a reddish saffron colour, and 
yielding a juice of the same hue, from whence its name of 
Sanguinaria; this juice is bitter and acrid, and it flows also 
from the leaves and footstalks when cut. In the spring the 
root puts forth slender round smooth stems, pale green or 
brownish tinged with purple, each terminated by a little 
conical head, which expands into a white flower of eight 
petals, at first concave, then flat, and finally rolled back so 
as to be convex, marked with slender streaks. Filaments 
white with saffron-coloured anthers. Germ glaucous. 
—The woods of Canada and other parts of North America 
produce this plant in abundance. 
Propagation and Culture .—This plant is hardy enough 
to live in the open air in England, but it should be planted 
in a loose soil and a sheltered situation, not too much 
exposed to the sun. It is propagated by the roots, which 
may be taken up and parted every other year; the best 
time for doing of this is in September, that the roots may 
have time to send out fibres before the hard frost sets in. 
SA'NGUINARY, adj. [sanguinarius, Lat. sanguinaire, 
Fr. from sanguis , Lat.] Cruel; bloody; murderous,— 
S A N 
The scene is now more sanguinary, and fuller of actors: 
never was such a confused mysterious civil war as this. 
Howell. 
SA'NGUINARY, s. [sanguis, Lat.] An herb. Ains¬ 
worth. 
SA NGUINE, adj. [sanguin, Fr. sanguineus, from san¬ 
guis, Lat.] Red ; having the colour of blood. 
This fellow 
Upbraided me about the rose I wear; 
Saying, the sanguine colour of the leaves 
Did represent my master’s blushing cheeks. Shakspeare. 
Abounding with blood more than any other humour; 
cheerful.—Though these faults differ in their complexion as 
sanguine from melancholy, yet they are frequently united. 
Gov. of the Tongue. —Warm; ardent; confident.—Aset 
of sanguine tempers ridicule, in the number of fopperies, all 
such apprehensions. Swift. 
SA'NGUINE, s. Blood colour. 
A griesly wound. 
From which forth gush’d a stream of gore, blood thick. 
That all her goodly garments stain’d around. 
And in deep sanguine dy’d the grassy ground. Spenser. 
The blood-stone, with which cutlers sanguine their hilts. 
[sanguine, Fr.] Cotgrave. 
To SA'NGUINE, ». a. To make of a sanguine colour; 
to varnish with sanguine. 
I would send 
His face to the cutler’s then, and have it sanguin'd ; 
’Twill look a great deal sweeter. Beaum. 
To stain with blood. 
Nor you, ill sangtiin'd with an innocent’s blood! 
Which my dear mistress’ side so rudely rent. 
Brothers in ill, shall ’scape your punishment. Fanshaw. 
SA'NGUINELY, adv. With sanguineness; ardently; 
confidently.—Statesmen and beauties are very rarely sensi¬ 
ble of the gradations of their decay ; and, too, sanguinely 
hoping to shine on in their meridian, often set with con¬ 
tempt and ridicule. Ld. Chesterfield. 
SA'NGUINENESS, or Sangui'nity, s. Ardour; heat 
of expectation; confidence.— Sanguinity is perhaps only 
used by Swift.—Rage, or phrensy it may be, in some per¬ 
haps natural courage, or sanguineness of temper in others ; 
but true valour it is not, if it knows not as well to suffer as 
to do. That mind is truly great, and only that, which 
stands above the power of all extrinsick violence; which 
keeps itself a distinct principality, independant upon the 
outward man. Decay of Chr. Piety. 
SANGUI'NEOUS, adj. [sanguineus, Lat. sanguin, Fr.] 
Constituting blood.—This animal of Plato containeth not 
only sanguineous and reparable particles, but is made up 
of veins, nerves, and arteries. Brown. —Abounding with 
blood.—A plethorick constitution, in which true blood 
abounds, is called sanguineous. Arbuthnot. 
SANGUINEROLA, in Ichthyology, a name given by the 
Italians to the phoxinus, or minnow. Artedi makes this a 
species of cyprinus. 
It has the Italian name from the blood-red colour which 
displays itself under its belly. 
SANGU1NETTO, a small but well-built town of Austrian 
Italy, situated in a marshy district; 19 miles south-south-east 
of Verona. 
SANGUINEUS, in Botany, a name given by some of 
the ancients to the birch-tree, from the deep reddish-black 
colour of its twigs. Pliny calls it sangumeus frute.r, and 
not understanding that it was the same with the birch, men¬ 
tions the name of that tree immediately after it, as if dif¬ 
ferent from it. The Italians still call the birch sanguino ; 
and some authors, from the redness of the twigs of some 
species of the alaternus, have called that shrub the sanguineus 
albus. Some have supposed that this name was used to ex- 
ress the birch-tree also, but erroneously; for though the 
ark of the body of that tree is sometimes white, there was 
no 
