S A N 
657 
elliptic-ovate, acute, veiny, four times as long as the foot¬ 
stalks. Flower-stalks undivided or three-cleft. Stem 
arboreous.—-Gathered by Mr. Brown in the tropical part of 
New Holland. He remarks that it is nearly related to the 
former, but distinct. 
3. Santalum venosum, or veiny-leaved santalum.-—Leaves 
oval-oblong, bluntish, glaucous, slightly veiny, twice as 
long as broad. Clusters brachiate, undivided. Stem arbore¬ 
ous.-—From. the same country. 
4. Santalum oblongatum, or oblong-leaved santalum.— 
Leaves oblong, narrow, obtuse, coriaceous, glaucous, slightly 
veiny above, four times as long as broad. Cluster, brachiate, 
simple or divided.—-Gathered by Sir Joseph Banks, in the 
tropical part of New Holland. 
5. Santalum lanceolatum, or lanceolate-leaved santalum. 
—-Leaves lanceolate, elongated, acute at each end, glaucous, 
coriaceous, without veins. Clusters brachiate. Stem shrubby. 
—•Found by Mr. Brown in the same country. 
6. Santalum obtusifolium, or blunt-leaved santalum.— 
Leaves oblong-oval, obtuse, coriaceous, veinless 5 glaucous 
beneath; the upper ones here and there alternate. Clusters 
of few flowers. Stem shruby.—Gathered by Mr. Brown 
near Port Jackson, New South Wales. 
SANTANDER, or St. Andero, a small province of Spain, 
called properly Las Montanas de Santander and de Burgos, 
or simply Las Montanas. It lies along the southern shore 
of the Bay of Biscay, between Asturias, Old Castile, and 
Biscay proper. It consists of steep mountains and valleys, 
the former extending in many parts to the shore. The 
produce varies greatly, according to the elevation ; for while 
the highest peaks are covered with snow during great part of 
the year, the valleys produce maize; and the pasturage, 
whether on the plains or on the slope of the hills, is in 
general very good. This country contains mines of iron of 
the best quality; there are foundries of artillery and of steel 
at two small towns in the interior, called La Cavada and 
Lierganes. The coast has several excellent harbours, such as 
St. Vincent de la Barquera, Santillaua, Castro de Urdiales, 
Santander, Laredo, and above all, Santona. Ships of war 
are built at Guarnizo, near Santander. This province 
formed part of the ancient Cantabria, which the Romans 
found so difficult to subdue, and which subsequently with¬ 
stood all the efforts of the Moors. 
SANTANDER, the capital of the foregoing canton, is 
situated on the declivity of a hill, in a circular peninsula, to 
the east of Santillana. Its port is commodious, well 
sheltered, and of an easy access for merchant vessels of all 
sizes; frigates of 40 guns must wait the flow of the tide 
before they can pass the bar. The harbour is protected by 
two forts or castles, and the entry of vessels into the inner 
basin is facilitated by a fine pier 30 feet wide. Santander has 
long been one of the ports called habilitados, i. e. authorised 
to carry on a free trade with Spanish America. It has also 
a traffic with the north of Europe, exporting, among other 
articles, considerable quantities of wool. Its population is 
about 10,000: its suburbs are inhabited solely by fishermen. 
Since 1754 it has been the see of a bishop ; 50 miles north- 
west'of Bilboa, and 79 north of Burgos. Lat. 43.28.20. 
N. long. 3. 40. 15. W. 
SANTANDER, New, Province of. See Potosi, San 
Luis. 
SANTANILLA, or Swan Islands, two small islands in 
the bay of Honduras, surrounded with rocks. Lat. 17. 20. 
N. long. 85. 30. W. 
SANTARELLI (Giuseppe), cavaliero, eappellano di 
Malsa, and meastro di cappella, to the pope in 1770. In his 
youth he had been an opera singer of the first class; but 
after his admission into the papal chapel, iie had rendered 
himself not only a profound contrapuntist, but deeply read 
in the history of his art, and had employed many years in 
compiling the following curious work: “ Della Musica del 
Santuario, e della Disciplina de’ suoi Cantorior, “A 
Treatise on the Music of the Pontifical Chapel, and the 
Discipline of its Singers.” 
Vol. XXII. No. 1530. 
S A N 
This work, divided into centuries from the time of our 
Saviour, as secolo primo, sec. 2do. sec. terso, &c„, gives au¬ 
thorities for all its assertions throughout, from ecclesiastical 
history. 
The first volume was printed in 1764, but ntver pub¬ 
lished; the MS. of the second was in great forwardness in 
1770; and seemed to supply all the deficiencies of another 
curious work on the same subject, published in 1711, entitled 
“ Osservazioni per ben regolare i! Coro della Capella Pon- 
tificiaor, “ Rules for conducting the Choir of the Pope’s 
Chapel,” by Andrea Adami. But the historical part of 
this book beginning only at the year 1400, and ending in 
1711, wants such a complete work as that of Santarelli, 
which begins with the first ages of the church, and continues 
to the middle of the last century, for the gratification of such 
curious lovers of church music as wish to trace it from its 
source. 
SANTAREM, a considerable town of Portugal, on the 
right bank of the Tagus; 37 miles north-east of Lisbon. It 
is very pleasantly situated in the midst of a fine plain, and is 
divided into the Lower Town, which extends towards the 
river, and the Upper Town, which stands on an eminence. 
Though not fortified, the nature of the ground makes it a 
good position for an army. It contains 8000 inhabitants, 
with 13 parish churches, and 14 monasteries. It is of great 
antiquity, and was a place of note under the Romans, who 
called it Presidium Ju Hum. In the early history of 
Portugal it also makes a conspicuous figure, and was the 
residence of the courts of several kings. An academy of 
history and antiquities was established here in 1747. Lat; 
39. 17. N. long. 8. 9. W. 
SANTEE, a river of the United States, in South Carolina, 
fonned by the union of the Congaree and Wateree. It runs 
into the sea by two mouths, North and South Santee, 20 
miles below Georgetown. This river affords a navigation at 
some seasons nearly 300 miles, as high up as Morgantown, 
North Carolina. It is connected with Cooper river by a 
canal. The main branch in North Carolina, is called Ca¬ 
tawba. Lat. 33. 12. N. long. 79. 51. W. 
SANTELMO, an island in the Pacific Ocean, discovered 
by Quiros, in 1606. Lat. 28. S. long. 152. 25. E. 
SANTEN. See Zanten. 
SANTENAY, a small town in the island of Majorca. 
Population 2900; 30 miles east-south-east of Palma. 
SANTENAY, a large village in the east of France, in 
Burgundy, department of the Cote d’Or. The wine raised 
in the neighbourhood is in high repute. Population 1200 ; 
9 miles south-west of Beaune. 
SA'NTER. See Saunter. 
SANTERNO, a river of the east of Italy, and the Eccle¬ 
siastical States, province of Romagna. It rises in the Appe- 
nines, and falls into the Po d’Argento, about 14 miles north 
of Comaechio. 
SANTEUL, or, as it is sometimes spelt, Santeuil (John 
Baptist), a modern Latin poet, was born at Paris in 1630. 
He studied in the Jesuits’college, and at the proper age en¬ 
tered among the canons-regular of the abbey of St. Victor, 
and devoted himself to a literary life. He acquired a con¬ 
siderable name by his productions in Latin poetry, in which 
he sung the praises of several great men, and he furnished the 
city of Paris with a number of inscriptions for public edifices. 
His character was very singular: he was violent, capricious, 
and impatient. He composed in a sort of enthusiasm, with 
strange grimaces and distortions, and he had the highest 
opinion of his own performances. His moral conduct was 
very open to reproof, yet he had his fils of devotion, and 
none of his productions were more admired than his hymns. 
Those which he composed for the breviary of the church of 
Paris were so much applauded by the devout, that many 
other churches wished to employ him in the same task. At 
this time Santeul was living in the great world, being much 
patronized by the two princes of Conde, the duke of Bourbon, 
and other men of rank and consequence. He was also 
noticed by Lewis XIV., who granted him a pension. He was, 
8 E however, 
