G60 
SAN 
shoals gradually. The currents and eddies cause some incon¬ 
venience, and the high land occasions much variation in the 
winds, which perplexes mariners on their entrance into the 
narrows; but as the water is not deep, and the current far 
from strong, a ship is safe the moment her anchor is let go, 
and by means of a boat and kedge she may be placed in any 
situation the pilot chooses. The part called the narrows is 
defended by two forts, on passing which there is a kind of 
lagoon of three or four leagues in length, almost full of man¬ 
groves, terminated by the town. Lat. 23. 59. 30. S. long. 
46. 21. W. 
SANTOS, a town of South America, in the province of 
Panama, on the west side of the bay of Panama. It is of a 
hot temperature, very abundant in cattle, with which, and 
with salted meats, cheese, and other articles, it supplies the 
city of Panama. The inhabitants are a mixture of Spaniards 
and Indians. Lat. 8 . N. long. 81.8. W. 
SANTOS. See Bahia df. Todos. 
SANTOS, an island on the west coast of Brazil, about six 
leagues in circumference. Lat. 24. S. 
SANTOS, a settlement of South America, in the kingdom 
of Quito, and province of Jaen de Bracamoros.—It is also the 
name df several other insignificant settlements. 
SANTOS, Los, a settlement of South America, in the 
province of Tucuman. 
SANTRIEH, a district of Africa, in the southern part of 
Tripoli, and the north of Siwah, consisting chiefly of sandy 
desert. 
SANVITALIA [so named by Lamarck], in Botany, a 
genus of the class syngenesia, order polygamia-superflua, na¬ 
tural order of compositae oppositifoliae ; corymbiferae (Juss.) 
—Generic Character. Common calyx hemispherical, im¬ 
bricated, with ovate, concave scales. Corolla compound, 
radiated: florets of the disk tubular, perfect, with an erect, 
five-cieft limb ; those of the radius about fourteen, female, 
ovate, emarginate, spreading. Stamina: in the perfect 
florets, filaments five, capillary, very short; anthers united 
into a cylinder. Pistil: germen in the perfect florets, ob¬ 
long, compressed; style simple; stigmas two, spreading: 
germen in the female ones prismatic, triangular, acute at the 
base, crowned at the top with three small spines, the inner¬ 
most of which is erect, the rest reflexed : style and stigma as 
in the former. Pericarp none, except the unchanged calyx. 
Seeds, of the radius, prismatic, smooth, crowned with two 
reflexed, and one erect, bristles; those ,of the disk wedge- 
shaped, compressed, encompassed with a vertical, membra¬ 
nous, toothed border, which gradually disappears as the 
seeds approach the radius. Receptacle chaffy.— Essential 
Character. Receptacle chaffy. Seeds of the radius crowned 
with three bristles; those of the middle of the disk winged. 
Calyx imbricated. 
1 . Sanvitalia procumbens, or trailing sanvitalia.—Stem 
procumbent Leaves ovate, entire.—Native of Mexico, from 
whence it was brought to the Spanish gardens, and from 
thence introduced to those of France, England, Germany, 
&c. The plant proves a hardy annual, flowering in July 
and August. The stem is much branched in an opposite 
manner, downy, like the stalked, opposite, three-ribbed 
leaves. Flowers terminal, solitary, encompassed with a few 
leaves; their disk purple, almost black ; their radius yellow; 
so that they resemble some of the smaller Rudbeckiae. 
2. Sanvitalia helianthoides, or upright sanvitalia.—Stem 
erect. Leaves ovate-oblong; serrated at the extremity.— 
Native of Peru. The flowers of this are said to be as large 
as those of Helianthus giganteus. 
SANUTO (Marino, surnamed Torsello), a noble Vene¬ 
tian and traveller, was born in the 13th century at Rivo- 
Alto, in the state of Venice. He passed his youth in five 
different voyages to the East; in which he visited Armenia, 
Egypt, Cyprus, Rhodes, Palestine, and the neighbouring 
countries. Upon his return to'Venice, he composed a work, 
entitled “ Liber Secretorum Fidelium Crucis:" in this he 
gave an exact description of these provinces, with the man¬ 
ners of the people; also a relation of the changes of govern¬ 
ment, and the wars undertaken to recover them from the 
S A 0 
infidels. When his work was completed, he travelled through 
Europe, with the view of engaging its sovereigns to concur 
in a new attempt. In 1321, he offered his book to pope 
John XXII. at Avignon, with four maps of the parts de¬ 
scribed, but it was not accepted. He was living in the year 
1329, but it is not known how much longer he survived. 
The work of Sanuto, with his letters, was published in 1611 
by Bongars, in the “ Gesta Dei per Francos.” The infor¬ 
mation contained in it has always been considered as highly 
valuable, and by some writers it has been regarded as “ a 
complete treatise of the commerce and navigation of that 
age, and even of remoter times.” There was another person 
of celebrity of the same name, who lived to the year 1535, 
and was much employed in public affairs by the republic of 
Venice. He wrote an ample chronicle of that state from its 
origin to 1501, which has been published in Muratori’s Col¬ 
lection of the Italian Historians. 
SANXAYS, a small town in the west of France, depart¬ 
ment of the Vienne, situated on a hill near the Von with 1700 
inhabitants; 9 miles north of Lusignan. 
SAN-YA, a town of Corea; 13 miles west of Tsin-cheou. 
SAN-YAM-LION, a town of Chinese Tartary. Lat. 41. 
7. N. long. 103. 3. E. 
SAN-YENG, a Portuguese town of Kayor, in Western 
Africa. 
SAN-YUEN, a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Shehsee. 
SANZA, a small town of Italy, in the Principato Citra. 
Population 2400; 7 miles north of Policastro. 
SANZIO (Raffaello). See Raphael. 
SAO, a town of China, of the third rank, in Sechuen. 
SAOLO, or Paulo, a small town of Italy, in the south of 
the kingdom of Naples, in Calabria Citra, near the sea. It 
has extensive manufactures of earthenware. 
SAON, a small town in the south-east of France, depart¬ 
ment of the Drome, near the Rubion, with 1500 inhabitants. 
SAONA, a small river on the north-west of the kingdom 
of Naples, in the Terra di Lav'oro, which falls into the sea at 
Gaeta. 
SAONA, an island in the West Indies, situated to the 
south-east end of the main-land of Hispaniola. From the sea 
it has a low long level appearance, is 21 miles in extent, and 
7 wide. Its nearest or north-west part is only half a league 
from Point Palmilla; the passage then widens, but is rocky, 
and a good pilot only carries seven feet through. The flats 
and rocks around the island are perfectly visible, even at a 
great depth, from the limpid state of the water. Its best har¬ 
bour is in the west end, and both points are remarkable when 
near, from being distinguished by two elevations, as also by 
a range of small hills in the middle, facing the south, which 
temper the climate, and fertilise the soil with gushing springs. 
It abounds in fish, and terrestrial and aquatic wild birds of 
various species, particularly the pigeon, that here comes in 
annual migration, undisturbed, to produce her young; which 
done, she again returns with her brood, and in immense 
flocks to the other parts of the island, in search of those 
grains, seeds, and berries, on which she feeds, and proceeds 
periodically to those parts where they are successively pro¬ 
duced, and niost abound. 
Saona, called by the natives Adamancy, once boasted a 
cacique, and subjects independent of Haiti, and was after¬ 
wards held in the right of the body of Jesuits, who improved 
its fertile soil, and had several settlements and pasture lands 
upon it. At present Saona lies unnoticed and unknown, 
trodden only by a few solitary fishermen, who annually visit' 
it, to collect tortoise-shell, or ensnare the wild cattle that' 
abound and procreate in the solitude. It was discovered by 
Columbus, in 1794. Lat. 18. 8. N. long. 69. 42. W. 
SAONE, a large river of France, which rises among the 
Vosges mountains, passes by Chatillon, Gray, Auxonne, 
Verdun, Chalons, Macon, &c., and after a course of about 
200 miles, joins the Rhone at Lyons. In its course it receives 
the waters of Doubs, Ouche, and other streams, and is 
navigable as far as Auxonne. It gives name to the depart¬ 
ments of the Upper Saone and Loire. 
SAONE 
