SAP 
/ 
SAONE, Upper, a department in the east of France, in¬ 
cluding the northern part of Franche Compte, and inclosed 
on the north by the department of the Vosges, and on the 
east by that of the Upper Rhine. Its superficial extent is 
about 2500 square miles; its population 312,000= Its sur¬ 
face is mountainous, being intersected by some branches of 
the Vosges chain. The principal rivers are the Saone, the 
Oignon, the Drugeon, and the Arnance. The climate is 
temperate.' The soil is in general stony, but in some places 
highly fruitful. The principal products are com, hemp, 
wine, fruit, and wood. Of mineral products, iron and coal 
are the most important; the former is worked to a large 
extent. The department belongs to the sixth military divi¬ 
sion, and to the jurisdiction of the cour royale of Besancon. 
It is divided into three arrondissements, 27 cantons, and 640 
communes. The chief town is Vesoul. 
SAONE AND LOIRE, a department in the east of 
France, comprehending the southern part of Burgundy, and 
bounded by the departments of the Jura, the Rhone, and the 
Allier. It has a superficial extent of 3500 square miles, and 
a population of 471,000. Its surface is very uneven, being 
covered with mountains, hills, and forests, separated, how¬ 
ever, by extensive plains and valleys. The principal rivers 
are the Saone, the Loire, the Arroux, the Doubs, and the 
Seille. This department contains also a canal which joins 
the Saone and Loire, forming a water communication be¬ 
tween the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The climate is 
temperate and salubrious; the soil is in some places stony 
and sandy, in others rich and fertile. The chief productions 
are corn, hemp, vines, and various kinds of fruit. Iron, 
marble, alabaster, crystal, coal, and other minerals, are also 
abundant in this hilly region. The wine of this department, 
articularly that of Macon, is celebrated. The department 
elongs to the 18th military division, to the diocese of Autun, 
and to the jurisdiction of the cour royale of Dijon. It is 
divided into the five arrondissements, Macon (the capital), 
Autun, Chalons, Charolles, and Louhans. 
SAORGIO, a well-built town of the Sardinian states, in the 
county of Nice, situated on the summit of a rocky mountain, 
on the road to Piedmont. It has a strong castle, and con¬ 
tains a population of 3100; 21 miles north-east of Nice. 
SAP, s. [pepe. Saxon; sap, Dutch.] The vital juice of 
plants; the juice that circulates in trees and herbs. 
Wound the bark of our fruit trees, 
Lest, being over-proud with sap and blood. 
With too much riches it confound itself. Shakspeare. 
See the articles Botany, and Vegetable Physio¬ 
logy. 
To SAP, v. a. [zappare, Ital.] To undermine; to subvert 
by digging ; to mine. 
Their dwellings were sapp'd by floods, 
Their houses fell upon their household gods. Dryden. 
To SAP, v. n. To proceed by mine; to proceed in¬ 
visibly.—For the better security of the troops, both assaults 
are carried on by sapping. Taller. 
SAP, s. In military language, a sort of mine. 
SAP, a small town in the north of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Orne. Population 1200; 30 miles north-east of 
Alencon. 
SAPA, St. Michael de, a village in the valley of Arica, 
in the province of Charcos, in Peru. It is a small place, but 
famous for the quantity of Guinea pepper produced in its 
vicinity. This will not thrive in mountainous parts, but is 
cultivated in the valleys. The inhabitants of this village sell 
annually no less than 80,000 crowns worth of it; 6 miles 
east of Arica. Lat. 17. 30. S. long. 78. 10. W. 
SAPACURI, a village of Western Africa, in the country 
of Sierra Leone. 
SAPADILLAS, two small islands in the Spanish Main, 
near the coast of Veragua. Lat. 9. N. long. 81. 55. W. 
SAPAROUA, one of the small Amboyna isles, about 35 
miles from Amboyna, with a fort on the south side. This 
island is extremely fertile in cloves, and, along with Noosa, 
Vol. XXII. No. 1530. 
SAP 661 
(formerly Laut), yielded to the Dutch East India Company, 
one half of all the cloves furnished from the Amboyna isles. 
It is about 20 miles in circumference. Lat. 3 . 40. S. lone 
28. 40. E. 
SAPATA ISLE, or Pula Sapata, so called by the Por¬ 
tuguese, from its resemblance to a horse-shoe. It is small, 
elevated, and barren, and from the sea has a perpendicular 
appearance, and white, like the cliffs of Dover, with innu¬ 
merable flocks of sea fowl hovering and screaming over it. 
Lat. 10. 4. N. long. 109. 10. E. 
SAPATOCA, San Joaquin de, a settlement of New Gre¬ 
nada, in the province of Tunja. 
SAPCOTE, a parish of England, in Leicestershire; 4 miles 
east-by-south of Hinckley. Population 692. 
SAPERSDEN, a parish of England, in Gloucester; 4 
miles from Stroud. 
SAPEY OVER, a parish of England, in Herefordshire; 
7 miles north-north-east of Bromyard. 
SAPEY PRITCHARD, or Lower, a hamlet of England, 
in Worcestershire; 12 miles west-north-west of Worcester. 
SAP-GREEN is a yellow green prepared from the con¬ 
creted juice of buckthorn-berries, and used in water-painting. 
Sap-green is very useful for some purposes as a washing 
colour, as it makes a strong and pretty bright stain. It may 
be prepared in the following manner:—Take any quantity 
of buckthorn-berries before they are ripe, and press out the 
juice in such a press as is used for making cyder or verjuice, 
or by any other method. Strain this j uice through flannel, 
and then let it stand to settle; and when it has stood for a 
proper time, decant off the clearer part of the fluid from the 
sediment. Put this juice into a stone or earthen vessel, and 
evaporate it till it begins to become of a thick consistence ; 
then remove it into a similar vessel, such as is used for 
heating cochineal, French berries, Brazil and other woods. 
See., and finish the operation in balneo marise; collecting 
the matter into one mass, as it acquires a proper consistence. 
The marks of goodness in sap-green are the transparency, 
brightness, and strength of colour it appears to have, when 
rubbed on paper. 
SAPHENA, in Anatomy, a name given to certain veins 
of the lower extremities. See Anatomy. 
SAPHETA, in Architecture, is the board over the top of 
a window, placed parallel and opposite to the window-stool 
at the bottom. 
SAPHEY KEY, a small island in the bay of Honduras, 
near the coast of Mexico. Lat. 17. 10. N. long. 88 . 40. W. 
SAPHIES, an African term which denotes certain charms 
or amulets, which the negroes constantly wear about them. 
These saphies are prayers, or rather sentences from the Koran, 
which the Mahometan priests write on scraps of paper, and 
sell to the simple natives, who regard them as possessing very 
extraordinary virtues. Some of the negroes wear them to 
guard themselves against the bite of snakes or alligators; and 
in this case, the saphie is commonly inclosed in a snake’s or 
alligator’s skin, and tied round the ankle. Others have 
recourse to them in time of war, to protect their persons 
against hostile weapons; but the common use to which these 
amulets are applied is to prevent or cure bodily diseases ; to 
preserve from hunger and thirst, and generally to conciliate 
the favour of superior powers under all the circumstances and 
occurrences of life. 
Similar charms or amulets are common in all parts of 
Africa, under the different denominations of domini, grigri 
fetiche, &c. &c. 
SA'PHIRE. See Sapphire. 
SAPHT, a village of Upper Egypt, to the south of Gizeh. 
SA'PID, adj. [sapidus, Lat.] Tasteful; palatable ; 
making a powerful stimulation upon the palate.—Thus 
camels, to make the water sapid, do raise the mud with their 
feet. Brown. 
SAPI'DITY, or Sa'pidness, s. Tastefulness; power of 
stimulating the palate.—As for their taste, if their nutriment 
be air, neither can it be an instrument thereof; for the body of 
that element is ingustible, and void of all sapidity. Brown. 
SA'PIENCE, s. [sapientia, Lat.] Wisdom ; sageness; 
8 F knowledge. 
