G70 
S A R 
composed entirely of vast mountains and deserts. It is divided 
into districts, and these districts into kheils or clans, each of 
which furnishes its quota to the army of Mahommed Khan. 
There is a town of the same name in the heart of the sandy 
desert. 
SARAX, in Botany, a name given by some authors to-the 
whole class of the ferns. 
SARA-YACU, a river of Peru, in the province of Gua- 
nuco, which, after many windings, enters the Ucayale, in 
Lat. 6. 45. S. 
SARAZIN (James), a sculptor who had a considerable 
share in forming the most eminent artists of that class in 
France, was born at Noyon, in 1590. He received the 
elements of his art at Paris, from thence he went to Rome, 
where he contracted an intimate friendship for Domenichino, 
the celebrated painter, who, with himself, was employed at 
Frescati, and who assisted him with his advice. He resided 
at this city eighteen years, and, returning through Florence 
and Lyons, he revisited Paris about the year 1628. Here 
he soon rose into notice, and was engaged in various works 
by Cardinal Richelieu and other persons of distinction. His 
reputation at court caused him to be employed by queen Anne 
of Austria, on a very singular occasion. When pregnant of 
her first child, Lewis XIV., she vowed an offering to the 
shrine of Loretto of a statue of pure gold of the weight of 
the child, provided it should prove a male. The condition 
being performed on the part of the Virgin, Sarazin was 
ordered to cast a silver angel, three feet and a half high 
which should be in the act of presenting to her the little 
golden dauphin, whose weight was just six pounds. Sarazin, 
after this, executed several works, which gave greater scope 
to his genius, of which one of the most admired was a group 
of two children and a goat at Marli. His principal piece 
was the mausoleum of Henry de Bourbon, prince of Conde, 
consisting of a number of emblematical figures, forming a 
grand composition. His works are characterized by elegance 
and grace; but his figures are said to be deficient in dignity 
and correctness, and his draperies want lightness. Sarazin 
died at Paris in 1660, at the age of 70. His school was the 
most famous in France during that period, and produced 
many distinguished sculptors. 
SARBATCHOU SAHA, a small island near the coast of 
Corea,in the sea of Japan. Lat. 42. 54. N. long. 131. 37. E. 
SARBE, a large and abundant river of New Granada, in 
South America. 
SARB1EWAKI (Matthias-Cassimer), a Jesuit distin¬ 
guished for his Latin poetry, was born in 1595, of an illus¬ 
trious family, in the duchy of Masovia, in Poland. He en¬ 
tered into the society of Jesus in 1612, and being sent to 
Rome, devoted himself to the study of whatever is connect¬ 
ed with classical antiquity and poetry. Some odes which he 
presented to Urban VIII. caused him to be employed by 
that pope in the correction of the hymns for his new bre¬ 
viary. On his return to Poland, he was made professor at 
Wilna in various departments of learning; and when he 
took the doctor’s degree, Ladislaus V. assisted at the cere¬ 
mony, and put his own. ring on his finger. That prince 
afterwards nominated him his preacher, and made lnm his 
companion in all his journies. He died in the year 1640. 
The Latin poems which he left behind him consist of odes, 
epodes, dithyrambics, epigrams, and miscellaneous pieces. 
His reputation as a poet depends altogether on his lyrics. 
Grotius, Heinsius, and some other competent judges, have 
thought him occasionally equal to Horace. Some of his 
odes relate to events in the history of his country, which are 
touched with true poetic spirit and fire. His works have 
been several times reprinted; the best edition is that of Bar- 
bou in 1759, 12mo. 
SARBO, an island in the Red Sea, near the coast of 
Abyssinia. Lat- 15. 8. N. 
SARBURG, or Sarhebourg, a small town in the south¬ 
east of France, department of the Meurthe, on the Sarre. 
Population 1500; 38 miles east of Nancy. 
SARCA, a river of the Austrian empire, which rises in 
S A R 
the Tyrol, and falls into the lake of Garda at its northern 
extremity. On flowing out of the lake, it takes the name 
of the Mincio; which see. 
SARCASM, s. [sarcasmus, Lat. craoKa.'^o!, Gr. “ decharner 
un os, et par metaphore, montrer les dents a quelqu’un, lui 
faire la nique, derive de actoE, chair.” Morin. Our word 
seems to be of no great date. Burton uses the Latin form : 
“ Many are of so petulant a spleen, and have that figure 
sarcasmus, so often in their mouth, so bitter, so foolish.” 
Hammond is the earliest writer, whom I have found, of sar¬ 
casm. Johnson.~\ A keen reproach; a taunt; a gibe.—Rejoice, 
O young man, says Solomon, in a severe sarcasm, in the 
days of thy youth, and walk in the ways of thy heart; but 
know, that for these things God will bring thee into judg¬ 
ment. Rogers. 
SARCA'STIC, or Sarca'stical, adj. Keen; taunt¬ 
ing ; severe.—What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension 
would this have drawn from the friendship of the world, and 
yet what a gentle one did it receive from Christ. South. 
SARCASTICALLY, adv. Tauntingly; severely.—He 
asked a lady playing with a lap-dog, whether the women of 
that country used to have any children or no ? thereby sar¬ 
castically reproaching them for misplacing that affection 
upon brutes, which could only become a mother to her child. 
South. 
SARCENET, s. [supposed by Skinner to be sericum 
saracenicum, Lat.] Fine, thin woven silk.—Why art thou 
then exasperate, thou idle, immaterial skein of sley’d silk, 
thou green sarcenet flap for a sore eye, thou tassel of a 
prodigal’s purse ? Shakspeare. 
SaRCHAD, a town of Syria, in the district beyond 
Jordan, situated near a range of mountains to which it 
gives name; 45 miles south-south-east of Damascus. 
SARCITES, in Surgery, an anasarca. 
SARCITES, the Flesh-stone, in Natural History, a name 
given by some authors to the cornelian, from its being of 
the colour of flesh, as it is very exactly in some pieces. 
SARCITES, or Suarites, is also a stone supposed to be 
found in the belly of a lizard; it seems to have been a 
species of pale cornelian. Pliny mentions it, but gives no 
description of if. 
SARCIUM, in Surgery, a caruncle. 
To SARCLE, v. a. [sarcler, Fr. sarculo, Lat.] To 
weed corn. Ainsworth. Obsolete. 
SARCOCE'LE, s. [cra^E and k'/jXyi, Gr.; sarcocelc, Fr.] 
A fleshy excrescence which sometimes grows so large as to 
stretch the scrotum much beyond its natural size. See Sur¬ 
gery. 
SARCOCOLLA [ 2 a,gK 0 Ko\Xcc Gr.], a gum-resin oozing 
out of an oriental vegetable, either with or without incisions. 
It has been the opinion of many writers of the middle 
ages, that this was the gum of the peach-tree. The origin 
of this opinion may be traced to Dioscorides, who, treating 
of sarcocolla, says, that it is the gum of a Persian tree. The 
words Persian-tree and peach-tree are the same both in 
Greek and Latin; and hence, what he said of a tree growing 
in Persia, has been attributed to the peach-tree; and this 
gum, so very different from the gum of that tree, has been 
supposed to flow from it. Linnaeus supposes that it is pro¬ 
duced by the Penrea mucronata, an ^Ethiopian shrub of the 
order conglomerate. Others have, in this instance, doubted 
his authority, and the fact remains undecided. 
Neither authors nor merchants are agreed as to the place 
where it grows: some say it is in Persia; others in Arabia 
Deserta. It is a concrete juice, that comes from Persia and 
Arabia either in grains, or in tears of different colours; some¬ 
times white, sometimes yellow, and sometimes red; but the 
whitest are preferred, as being the freshest. 
The taste is bitter, accompanied with somewhat of a dis¬ 
agreeable sweetness, and an odour resembling, in some de¬ 
gree, that of aniseed. It softens in the mouth, bubbles, and 
catches flame from a candle, dissolves almost wholly in water, 
and the greatest part of it in rectified spirit. It does not 
crystallize : treated with nitric acid it yields oxalic acid. 
SARCOCOLLA, 
