680 
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sustaining one nodding flower; the leaflets of the upper 
calyx obtuse, bent over the corolla, so as to cover the inside 
of it; purple on the outside, green within, having purple 
edges: the petals are of a purple colour, and hollowed like a 
spoon. Germ large, channelled: stigma greeu, with the 
five corners stretched out beyond the brim, each cut into 
two points and purplish. Anthers target-shaped, furrowed, 
of a pale sulphur colour. Capsule large, covered by the per¬ 
manent stigma. 
The hollow parts of the leaves have always water standing 
in them, and the top or ear is supposed in hot dry weather 
to shrink, and fall over the mouth of the tube, and serve as a 
lid to prevent the exhalation of the water. In great droughts 
birds and other animals repair to these plants. In spring the 
leaves are of a dark green colour, but gradually change 
purplish, and towards autumn become dark brown. 
The English, who first settled in North America, gave this 
plant the name of side-saddle flower, from the resemblance 
of the stigma to a woman’s pillion. 
Propagation and Culture .—These plants are esteemed 
for the singular structure of their leaves and flowers, which 
have little resemblance of any yet discovered. 
The best method to obtain these plants is from the 
places of their natural growth, and to have them taken 
up with large balls of earth to their roots, and planted 
in tubs of earth ; they must be constantly watered during 
their passage, otherwise they will decay before they arrive ; 
for there is little probability of raising these plants from 
seeds, so as to produce flowers in many years, if the seeds do 
grow; so that young plants should be taken up to bring 
over, and such are more likely to stand here, than those which 
have flowered two or three times. When these plants are 
brought over, they should be planted into pretty large pots, 
which should be filled with soft spongy earth, mixed with 
rotten wood, moss, and turf, which is very like the natural 
soil in which they grow. These pots should be put into 
tubs or large pans which will hold water, with which they 
must be constantly supplied, and placed in a shady situation 
in summer; but in the winter they must be covered with 
moss, or sheltered under a frame, otherwise they will not live 
in this country; for as the plants must be kept in pots, so if 
these are exposed to the frost, it will soon penetrate through 
them, and greatly injure, if not destroy the plants; but when 
they are placed under a common frame, where they may 
have the open air at all times in mild weather, and be shel¬ 
tered from hard frost, the plants will thrive and flower very 
well. 
SARRAINS, a small town in the south of France, 
department of the Vaucluse, on the river Folette. Silk is 
cultivated largely in the neighbourhood. Population 2000; 
14 miles north-east of Avignon: 
SARRAN, a small town in the south of France, depart¬ 
ment of the Gers, on the small river Sarrainpion. Population 
1000. 
SARRANA, a species of ancient flute, of which the tones 
were acute and shrill, resembling those of a flute. Some 
imagine that Sarrana implied Tyrian. 
SARRANCOLIN, a petty town in the south-west of 
France, in the department of the Upper Pyrenees; 6 miles 
south of La Barthe de Nestes. 
SARRASIN, or Sarrazin, in Fortification, a kind of 
portcullis, otherwise called a herse, which is hung with ropes 
over the gates of a town or fortress, and let fall in case of a 
surprize. 
SA'RRASINE, s. A kind of birth-wort. Bailey. 
SARRAT, a parish of England, in Hertfordshire; 3f 
miles north-by-west of Rickmansworth. Population 378. 
SARRE, a small village of England, in the county of 
Kent, situated in the isle of Thanet, about half way between 
Thanet and Canterbury. It is a member of the port of 
Sandwich, and was formerly a sea-port of some repute, and 
much more populous than at present. In Bede’s time, two 
ferry-boats were employed here, which were occupied in 
transporting men and cattle from the isle of Thanet to East 
Kent, the water being then about 3 furlongs wide. Here 
S A R 
are two good inns; and an excellent pack of hounds is kepi 
here by subscription of several gentlemen in the neighbour¬ 
hood. The village is regulated by a deputy from the mayor 
of Sandwich. 
SARRE, or Saar, a river of the west of Germany, which 
rises among the Vosges mountains, in the French territory, 
flows through the Prussian government of Treves, and joins 
the Moselle at Consarbruck. 
SARRE, the name of one of the four departments added 
under Buonaparte to the French empire, at the expense of the 
German. The country is watered by the river Sarre, and 
comprises what was once the duchy of Deux Ponts, the 
archbishopric of Treves, and part of the Palatinate. In 1814 
it was separated from France, and the chief part of it added 
to the Prussian territories on the Rhine. 
SARREBOURG, a small town in the north-east of 
France, department of the Meurthe. It is situated on the 
Sarre, and has 1500 inhabitants; 14 miles west of Savern, 
and 38 east of Nancy. 
SARREGUEMINES. See Sarguemines. 
SARRIA, a small town of the north-west of Spain, in 
Galicia, on the river Lugo; 14 miles south-south-east of 
Lugo. 
SARRITION, or Sarritio, in Roman authors, the term 
used to express what we call hoeing in husbandry, or some¬ 
thing analogous to it; that is, a way of stirring up the earth 
about young plants, and destroying the weeds that would 
grow among them. When the plants had been some time 
come up, they stirred the land with wooden rakes or har¬ 
rows, and then went over the fields, and pulled up the weeds 
by hand. 
They used two kinds of sarrition; the one was intended 
onl y to move the ground, and was done lengthways of the 
furrows ; the other was to cover up the young plants, that 
they might grow the more strong and vigorous; and was 
performed by stirring up the earth cross-ways of the furrows. 
SARROLA, a village of Fooladoo, in Western Africa. 
SARSAPARILLA, or Sarsa, in Botany, somewhat al¬ 
tered from the Spanish name zarza, red, and parilla, a bushy 
little vine. See Smilax. 
SARSANA. See Sarzana. 
SARSE, s. [Perhaps because made of sarcenet. Johnson. 
—Rather from the Fr. sassure, which Cotgrave renders a 
scarce. Todd.'] A sort of fine lawn sieve. Barret. 
To SARSE, v. a. [sasser , Fr.] To sift through a sarse 
or searse. Bailey. 
SARSINA, a small town in the north-east of Italy, in 
Romagna, on the Savio, formerly a bishop’s see; 20 miles 
west-south-westof Rimini, and 33 south of Ravenna. 
SARSTEDT, a small town of Hanover; 9 miles north¬ 
west of Hildesheim, and 8 south-east of Hanover. Popula¬ 
tion 1100. 
SARSURA, in Ancient Geography, Surfeff, a town of 
Africa Propria, of which Caesar took possession ; situated 6 
miles west of Turris Annibalis. 
SART, s. A piece of woodland turned into arable. 
Bailey. 
SART, a small town of the Netherlands, in the province of 
Liege, with 1900 inhabitants. 
SART, a village of Asia Minor, now very small and 
insignificant, but distinguished by containing on its site the 
ruins of Sardis, once the splendid capital of Lydia. These 
ruins are found here confusedly scattered over a verdant 
plain. Some of the most remarkable are built of bricks, not 
attached together in the usual loose manner, but so strongly 
cemented as to make it scarcely possible to detach a speci¬ 
men. It is supposed that, without some positive violence, 
they would last for ever, which tends to countenance the 
prevailing report which refers them to the age of Croesus. 
SARTENE, a small town of the island of Corsica. Po¬ 
pulation 1900; 22 miles east-south-east of Ajaccio. 
SARTHE, or Sarte, a considerable river of France, 
which takes its rise in the department of the Orne, near 
Mortague, and joins the Mayenne; 6 miles above Angers. 
It is navigable from Le Mans. 
SARTHE, 
