682 
S A R U M. 
with a large sum of money, to purchase statues^ pictures, &c., 
worthy of a royal collection. Unhappily, on Andrea’s re¬ 
turn home, he forgot his engagement, broke through all ties 
of gratitude and honour, and shamefully squandered both 
the gifts and trust of his generous patron with his improvi¬ 
dent wife, and faithless friends. It is almost needless to add, 
that he never returned to France. At last he fell into that 
poverty to which, by his prodigality and ingratitude, he 
seemed justly entitled, and sunk into wretched despondency; 
when, being deserted by the woman who was principally 
instrumental in bringing him into this state of misery, he 
suffered'a variety of difficulties and distresses, and died of 
the plague, which afflicted his native city, in 1530, in the 
forty-second year of his age. 
The most renowned picture of del Sarto is a composition 
known by the name of the Madonna del Sacco, from the 
circumstance of St. Joseph, who is near her, reclining on a 
sack of grain. The simplicity and beauty of this work place 
him far above his usual rank ; and indeed it might well pass 
for a production of Raphael. In general, his groups have 
more of common nature, and his expressions border on insi¬ 
pidity. The quality most esteemable in his productions, 
and which is extraordinary, considering that he wa§..% Tus¬ 
can, is the clear and evanescent tones of his colouring, 
which are as pure and harmonious, if not so luminous, as those 
of Correggio. The fame, however, which he acquired by a 
few pictures, has given a value to all those which proceeded 
from his hand, to which many of them are by no means en¬ 
titled ; and he certainly is not one of those unfortunate sons 
of genius, who have enjoyed less than their due portions of 
praise. His compositions are agreeable ; his design partakes 
of the style of Michael Angelo, without his boldness, or 
breadth, and his execution is light and clear, though some¬ 
times weak. His pictures, when they are brought to sale, 
bring high prices, and are to be rarely met with in this 
country. 
SARTO'RIOUS, s. [from sartor, Latin, a taylor.] 
The muscle which serves to throw one leg across the other.— 
The sartorious, or taylor’s muscle, rising from the spine 
[of the ilium] running diagonally across the thigh, and 
taking hold of the inside of the main bone of the leg, a little 
below the knee, enables us, by its contraction, to throw one 
leg and thigh over the olher; giving effect, at the same time, 
to the ball and socket-joint at the hip, and the hinge-joint 
at the knee. Valet). See Anatomy. 
SARTOROE, an island on the west coast of Norway. 
Lat. 60. 17. N. 
SARVAJAYA, in Mythology, a name of the Hindoo 
goddess Parvati, given to her in her martial character of 
Durga. The name means “ all-conquering.” 
SARVAMANGALA, a name of the Hindoo goddess 
Parvati; which see. The name is said to mean “ all-pre¬ 
serving,” or “ all-fostering,” alluding to her presiding over 
the welfare of all nature: an appellation and character that 
we should rather have deemed applicable to Lakshmi, the 
consort of the conservative Vishnu; but the functions and 
appellations of these goddesses are often found to coalesce. 
SAR.VAR, a small town in the south-west of Hungary, at 
the confluence of the Gunz and the Raab. At present it 
contains only 800 inhabitants, but it is supposed to have 
been formerly much larger; 70 miles south-south-east of 
Vienna, and 62 south of Presburg. Lat. 47. 14. 50. N. long. 
16.55. 21. E. 
SARVITZ, a river of the south-west of Hungary, which 
rises in the county of Veszprim, and flows into the Danube. 
A canal has been dug along its banks, to drain the neighbour¬ 
ing marshes. 
• SARUM, or Sarojv, in Ancient Geography, a town of 
European Sarmatia, and one of those which Ptolemy places 
at the mouth of the Borysthenes. 
SARUM, Old, a spot in Wiltshire, England, one mile 
north of Salisbury, was formerly a city of note, and is still 
invested with the privilege of a borough town, by sending 
two members to Parliament, but is now deprived of houses 
and inhabitants; yet though desolate, and with scarcely a 
vestige of human habitation, it is peculiarly interesting in its 
annals and associations to the topographer and to the anti¬ 
quary. Once a proud, populous, and flourishing city, 
adorned with a cathedral and other religious edifices, and 
guarded by lofty bulwarks, towers, and a castle: now dis¬ 
playing nothing of human art, but ditches and banks, which 
are partly overgrown with wild brush-wood, while the more 
level land is appropriated to corn and grass. The founda¬ 
tion of Old Sarum is referred, by tradition, and all the 
early accounts extant, to the Britons, at some era prior t6 
the Roman invasion; and this opinion is considered by 
most antiquaries to be strongly corroborated by the circular 
form of the fortifications, and their position on the summit 
of an eminence. Under this impression, Sir Richard Hoare 
considers it to have been probably out of those fortresses 
which was wrested from the Britons in the reign of the em¬ 
peror Claudius, “ when his general, Vespasian, is said to 
have taken twenty British towns, and to have subdued two 
powerful nations, one of which is supposed to be the Belgae, 
who inhabited the western counties of Hampshire, Wiltshire, 
and Somersetshire.” Whether this city was among the num¬ 
ber taken by Vespasian, or was first founded by the Romans, 
it is universally allowed to have been very early one of the 
principal stations of that people, and to have been denomi¬ 
nated Sorbiodunum, or Sorviodunum: though whether this 
appellation was originally applied by the Romans, or was 
a mere modification of the British name, is altogether uncer¬ 
tain; nor is its history under the Romans better ascertained. 
But that they continued to occupy it for a long time, and 
probably to the latest period of their residence in Britain, 
may fairly be inferred from the extent of its works, and from 
the military roads communicating with it. These roads ap¬ 
pear to have been six in number, and communicated with 
the following stations, &c. One proceeded south-westerly 
to Durnovaria, Dorchester; a second, easterly to Venta- 
Belgarum, Winchester; a third, north-easterly to Vindonum, 
Silchester ; a fourth appears to have branched off from the 
latter to Cunotie, near Marlborough ; a fifth south-westerly 
towards Iscalia, Ilchester; and a sixth to Aquae Solis, Bath. 
Some of these military ways, or roads, are still seen in bold 
ridges in different parts of the neighbouring downs. Soon 
after the Romans left this island, Old Sarum was occupied fey 
the Saxons. 
In the year 552, it ivas besieged and captured by Kenric, 
the second king of Wessex; and proved a most important 
acquisition to the West Saxons, as it put them in possession 
of a strong post within the dominions of the enemy, in 
which they could establish magazines, and thereby become 
enabled to extend their conquests wdth greater rapidity. We 
accordingly find, that within a few years, Kenric subdued 
the whole of Wiltshire, and some districts of the adjoining 
counties. From this period to the dissolution of the hep¬ 
tarchy, but few notices occur of the history of Old Sarum : 
it was unquestionably throughout the whole time a royal 
castle, and was frequently occupied by the West Saxon mo- 
narchs. Afterwards, it seems to have been usually committed 
to some powerful noblemen; but still continued the pecu- 
lium of the monarch himself. In the time of Alfred, an outer 
ditch was formed by his order; as appears evident by an 
original document preserved in the Cottonian library; and 
which is thus rendered by Sir Richard Hoare, in his “ An¬ 
cient Wiltshire.” “ I Alfred, king and monarch of the 
English, have ordered Leofric of Wiltunshire, not only to 
preserve the castle of Sarum, but to make another ditch to be 
defended by pallisadoes, and all who live about the said cas¬ 
tle, as well as my other subjects, are immediately to apply 
to this work.” King Edgar convoked a parliament or great 
council at Sarum, in the year 960, to consult about the best 
mode of defence for the northern counties, against the de¬ 
predations of the Danes ; and several law’s for the better go¬ 
vernment of the church, as well as the state, appear to have 
been enacted at the same time. In 1003, Swein, king of 
Denmark, is_said to have pillaged and burntthe castle of Old 
Sarum: 
