S A U R I N. 703 
produce, such as cheese, butter, hemp, tanned skins, and 
wool. The transit trade between France and Italy is car¬ 
ried on chiefly by the new road across Mount Cenis. 
Inhabitants .—The Savoyards of both sexes have in gene¬ 
ral a brown complexion, from their frequent exposure to the 
open air. They live chiefly in the counTy; for, except Cham- 
bery, their capital, containing 12,000 inhabitants, there is 
no town of note, Rumilly having only 3000 inhabitants, 
and Moustiers, with St. Jean de Maurienne, 2000 each. 
From the simplicity of their manners, and their frugality 
and sobriety, the Savoyards have, by some writers, been 
compared to the Germans, as described by Tacitus. Be this 
as it may, their national qualities are thosepf an uninstructed, 
but at the same time an uncorrupted, people—frankness, 
probity, and credulity. The language in common use is a 
mixture of French and Italian, the former predominating. 
The Savoyards quit their native mountains, in the same way 
as the Welch or the Scottish Highlanders, and are remarked 
for pursuing a variety of callings, such as those of porters, 
livery servants, and agents in petty traffic; all indicative of 
individual activity or ingenuity, but unconnected with ma¬ 
nufactures, or with pursuits which require either previous 
education or the employment of capital. 
The name of Savoy is derived from the Latin Sabaudia ; 
and the country was, in the days of the Romans, the abode 
of a well known tribe of Celtic origin, the Allobroges, who 
were subjugated in the reign of Augustus. Their country 
formed a part of the great province of Gallia Narbonnensis, 
and remained in possession of the Romans during several 
centuries; a length of possession which accounts for the 
numerous remains of Roman antiquities found in different 
parts of Savoy. After various changes, it was erected, in 
the beginning of the 1 ] th century, into a county. In the 
early part of the 15th century, the governing count obtained 
the title of duke, and a great acquisition of power, by suc¬ 
ceeding to Piedmont. The same family continuing to go¬ 
vern the country, acquired the title of King of Sardinia in 
1719, and at present reign over that island. Piedmont, 
Genoa, and Savoy. The revolutionary war brought Savoy 
under subjection to France so early as the close of 1792, a 
situation in which it continued above 21 years. In 1814, 
though occupied by the allies, it was ceded to France by the 
first treaty of Paris; but in the hostilities which followed the 
return of Buonaparte in 1815, the king of Sardinia took 
part with the allies, and obtained the restoration of the 
country of his ancestors, with the exception of a small dis¬ 
trict, the commune of St. Julian, ceded to the Swiss canton 
of Geneva. 
SAVOY, a post township of the United States, in Berk¬ 
shire ; 120 miles west of Boston. 
SAURA, the name of a sect of Hindoos, so called from 
being worshippers solely or chiefly of Surya, or the sun. 
See Surya. 
SAURA, a village of Diarbekir, in Asiatic Turkey; 40 
miles south-west of Diarbekir. 
SAURA, a river of Peru, in the province of Piura, which 
runs west into the Piura. 
SAURAT, a town in the south of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Arriege. It has a population of 3500, and a 
number of iron mines in the neighbourhood; 3 miles north¬ 
west of Tarascon. 
SAURIN (Elias), an eminent Piedmontese Protestant 
minister, was born in the year 1639. He was educated in 
grammar learning by his father, under whose instructions he 
made such a proficiency, that at the age of 18 he entered 
upon his academical studies with distinguished advantage. 
He attended, successively, several Protestant seminaries, and 
in 1661, was admitted to the ministry, and appointed pastor 
of the church at Venterol. At this place, and at Embrun, 
he acquired so high a reputation for learning and talents, 
that in 1664 he would have been appointed professor of 
divinity at Die, had he not been driven from France by 
persecution. Knowing the bitterness of his enemies, and 
what he had to expect from judges already prejudiced 
against him, he withdrew to Holland. Here he became 
pastor of the Walloon church at Delft, and retained that 
situation till 1671, when he accepted the same office at 
Utrecht. He was one of the ministers accused of heresy by 
Jurieu; and he had a contest with Bayle. He died in 1703. 
His principal works were “ An Examination of the Divinity 
of M. Jurieu;” “ Reflections on the Rights of Conscience;” 
“Treatiseon the Love of God;” and another, “Treatise on 
the Love of our Neighbour.” 
SAURIN (James), a celebrated French Protestant preacher, 
the son of an eminent lawyer at Nismes, was born in the year 
1677. Upon the revocation of the edict of Nantes in 1685, 
his father retired with his family to Geneva, where the subject 
of this article made a considerable progress in learning while 
he was very young. At the age of 17, he went into the 
army, in which he served with reputation till the year 1696, 
when the duke of Savoy, in whose employment he was, 
having made peace with France, he returned to his studies at 
Geneva, which, at that period, was the residence of some 
of the best scholars in Europe. Under these professors, 
Saurin applied assiduously to several departments of litera¬ 
ture, but particularly to the study of divinity. When he 
had completed his course of studies, in 1700, he visited Hol¬ 
land and England. In the former country his stay was very 
short, but in the latter he continued almost five years, and 
reached among his fellow refugees in London. In 1703 
e married, and in 1705 he returned to Holland, where he 
was desirous of settling with a church, but as nothing of the 
kind offered, he accepted the office of chaplain to one of the 
principal families at the Hague. Soon afterwards, he be¬ 
came one of the pastors to a church of French refugees, who 
were permitted to assemble in the chapel belonging to the 
palace of the princes of Orange at the Hague, in which he 
officiated during the remainder of his life) When the prin¬ 
cess of Wales, afterwards queen Caroline, passed through 
Holland on her way to England, M. Saurin had the honour 
of paying his respects to her, and she, upon her return, 
desired Dr. Boulter, the preceptor to prince Frederic, the 
grandfather of the present king, to write to M. Saurin, to draw 
up a treatise on the education of princes. The work was 
done, but never printed, and the author received a hand¬ 
some present from the princess, and afterwards a pension 
from George II., to whom he dedicated a volume of his ser¬ 
mons. M. Saurin died in 1730. His address was a happy 
compound of the affable and the grave; his voice was strong, 
clear, and harmonious, and he never lost the management of 
it. His style was pure, unaffected, and eloquent. In the 
introductions to his sermons, he used to deliver himself in a 
tone, modest and low; in the argumentative part, he was 
clear and plain, pausing at the close of each period, that he 
might discover, by the countenances of his hearers, whether 
they were convinced by his reasoning; and in his perora¬ 
tions he was extremely pathetic and animated. His doctrine 
was that inculcated by the French Protestants in general, 
which was, what is known under the term moderate Cal¬ 
vinism. He was a fine scholar, and took the greatest in¬ 
terest in the concerns and spiritual welfare of his hearers. 
He was author of 12 volumes of Sermons. From these, 
selections, translated into English, were published between 
the years 1775 and 1784, by the Rev. Robert Robinson, in 
5 vols. 8vo. Dr. Hunter translated and published a sixth 
volume in 1796. M. Saurin was author of many other 
works, but the most considerable of them is entitled “ Dis¬ 
courses Historical, Critical, and Moral, on the most memo¬ 
rable Events of the Old and New Testament,” which form 
six large volumes folio, but they were not all written by 
M. Saurin ; he died before the third was finished, which was 
completed by M. Roques, who added a fourth on the Old 
Testament. To these M. Beausobre subjoined two volumes 
on the New Testament. See Robinson s Memoirs of M. 
Saurin , prefixed to vol. i. of his Sermons. 
SAURIN (Joseph), a celebrated French mathematician, 
was born in 1659. He received the elements of learning 
under his father, and made a rapid progress in acquiring 
the 
