710 
SAXE. 
SAWLEY, a parish of England, West Riding of 
Yorkshire; 5 miles north-east of Clitheroe. Population 
564. 
SAWLEY, a township of England, West Riding of 
Yorkshire; 5 miles south-west of Rippon. Population 
489. 
SAWMILL CREEK, a river of the United States, in 
Maryland, which runs into the Potomac. Lat. 39. 6. N. 
long. 77. 20. W. 
SAW'PIT, s. A pit wherein timber is sawn. 
SAW-PITT, a post village of the United States, in West 
Chester county, New York. 
SAWSTON, a parish of England, in Cambridgeshire, 
situated at the foot of the Gogmagog hills; 5 miles west-by¬ 
north of Linton. Population 603. 
SAWTRY ALL SAINTS, St. Andrews, and St. 
Judith’s, three parishes of England, in Huntingdonshire; 
3| miles south of Stilton. Population 815. 
S AW 1 WORT, s. A plant. See Serratula. 
SAWYAH, a spacious bay on the west coast of Celebes, 
somewhat farther south than Cape Durado. It is a fine deep 
sandy bay, capable of receiving ships of any burden. To¬ 
wards the north extremity is a small island called Steersman’s 
island. 
SAWYAH, a town of Celebes, on the west coast, situated 
on the north side of Sawyah bay, about five miles inland. 
It stands on a small rivulet, and has little trade beyond 
making sago. 
SAW'ER, or more properly Sawyer, s. One who saws 
timber. 
SAWYER’S FERRY, a small post town of the United 
States, in North Carolina; 14 miles from Nixontown. 
SAWYER'S, or Afff.radores Island, on the west 
coast of Mexico, is of a small size, and has on its south¬ 
east side a small creek of its name, which boats can only 
enter at high water; it is 12 miles from the Bar of Realejo. 
SAX, a village and district of Switzerland, in the canton 
of St. Gall, situated between the Rheinthal and Appenzel. 
The population of the district amounts to nearly 3000, em¬ 
ployed partly in pasturage, and partly in the making of 
linen and lace; 8 miles south-east of Appenzel. 
SAX, a small town of the south of Spain, in Murcia, on 
the River Taraffa; 23 miles west of Alicant. Population 
2200. 
SAXAPIIAW, a branch of Cape Fear river, in North 
Carolina, in the United States. 
SAXBY, a parish of England, in Leicestershire; 5 miles 
east-by-north of Melton Mowbray. 
SAXBY, a village of England, in Lincolnshire; 5| 
miles south-west of Barton-upon-Humber. 
SAXE (Maurice), Count of, a celebrated general, bom 
at Goslar, in 1696, was the natural son of Frederic Augustus I. 
elector of Saxony and king of Poland, by the countess of 
Konigsmarck. At a very early period, he displayed a most 
decided taste for arms. It was with difficulty that he was 
taught to read and write: the only means of inducing him 
to attend to his lessons, was to promise him some military 
exercise when they were finished. While he was a child, 
he served in the allied army, commanded by those great 
masters of the art of war, prince Eugene and the duke of 
Marlborough. He was present with the Saxon troops at the 
siege of Lille, in the year 1708, and at that of Tournay, and 
at the battle of Malplaquet in the following year. Upon all 
occasions, he exhibited the most determined and enterprising 
valour, and in the campaign of 1710 he obtained the public 
eulogies of the allied generals. He accompanied the king of 
Poland to the siege of Strasburg in 1711, where he so much 
distinguished himself, that a regiment of cavalry was raised 
for him, with which he fought against the Swedes at the 
battle of Gadebusch. Soon alter, his mother procured him 
a.marriage with the countess of Loben, a lady of fortune 
and beauty, by whom he had a child, which died in infancy. 
Count Saxe was, however, too much attached to licentious 
pleasure to be able to live happily in a domestic union : he 
obtained a divorce in 1721, after which he never married 
again. In the mean time he had been pursuing his military 
career, and, in 1717, he served in Hungary under prince 
Eugene, against the Turks. After the treaties of Utrecht and 
Passarowitz, having no longer a field for the exercise of his 
valour, he withdrew to France, in which he was fixed by a 
brevet of mareschal-de-camp, granted to him in 1720 by the 
regent, duke of Orleans. He there engaged with great 
ardour in the study of all the branches of mathematics con¬ 
nected with the military art, and in tactical improvements. 
In the year 1722, he obtained the command of a German 
regiment in the French service; he disciplined it in a new 
method of exercise, the merit of which caused the chevalier 
Folard to predict that he would become one of the first 
generals of his time. On the death of the duke of Courlaud 
in 1725, Count Saxe was instigated to become a candidate 
for the succession to that sovereignty; but he was, in tlie 
end, unsuccessful, and after a long struggle he gave it up, 
and returned to Paris. He there employed himself in cul¬ 
tivating his mind, and in his favourite military studies, of 
which one of the fruits was a work which he entitled “ Mes 
Reveries,” full of ingenious and original thoughts on mili¬ 
tary subjects. In the new war which broke out in 1733, in 
consequence of the death of the king of Poland, Count Saxe 
declined the command of the Polish army offered him by 
his brother, the elector, and joined the French army on the 
Rhine, under the marshal-duke of Berwick. His brill.ant 
services caused him, in 1734, to be advanced to the rank of 
lieutenant-general. After a short peace in Europe, the death 
of the emperor Charles VI. occasioned a new war, and, in 
1741, Count Saxe took Prague by escalade, and then re¬ 
duced Egra. In 1744, he was created a marshal of France, 
and at the same time the chief command of an army in 
Flanders was given him. At this period he was in extremely 
ill health, and being asked how he could venture in so weak 
a condition to take upon himself such a burden, considering 
his situation, he replied, “ my business is not to live, but to 
march.” In 1745, he gained the famous battle of Fontenoy, 
during the heat of which he mounted on horseback, though 
in such a state of debility, that his death was almost every 
moment expected. The fruits of this victory were all the 
principal towns in Flanders, of which Brussels surrendered 
the last, in February, 1746. The Marshal was greatly dis¬ 
tinguished in the campaigns of 1747 and 1748, which last 
was followed by the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, and Marshal 
Saxe was appointed commandant-general of all the conquests 
in the Low Countries. He now, with his well-earned fame, 
retired to his estate in France, which had been given him by 
the king of France, where he passed his time in the society 
of men of letters and artists. He only once quitted this 
retreat, and that was for the purpose of visiting the king of 
Prussia at Berlin, where he was received with the highest 
honours. He died at the early age of 54, being worn out 
with the labours of his military life. In his last illness, he 
said to his physician, Senac, “ I have had a fine dream,” 
such did he mean had been his life, which to others, cer¬ 
tainly, had been something more than a dream. By, and 
under his command, thousands had been cut off’ in the prime 
of life; but generals and monarchs seldom regard the lives 
of their men, except as materials adapted to their use, and 
formed for their glory. Marshal Saxe, though extremely 
licentious in his manners, remained attached to the Lutheran 
religion, and he was interred with great funeral pomp in the 
principal Lutheran church at Strasburg, where a magni¬ 
ficent mausoleum was erected to his memory. Marshal Saxe, 
though ardent and enterprising, was, notwithstanding our 
observation of commanders in general, sparing of the lives 
of his soldiers. He was just to the merit of his officers, 
zealously displaying their services, and supporting their in¬ 
terest at court. “ He had,” says his biographer, “ a romantic 
imagination, and formed various projects of ambition be¬ 
sides that respecting the dukedom of Courlaud; among these 
was a design upon the crown of Corsica, and several plans 
for settlements in America: and it is even said, that he had 
an idea of collecting the scattered nation of the Jews, and 
placing himself at their head." His “ Reveries” have been 
several 
