712 
SAXIFRAGA. 
or sengreen.—Leaves obovate, senate, stem naked, flowers 
clustered, capsule half inferior. Root perennial, black, send¬ 
ing down long fibres into the black moist ground.—Native 
of Britain, Spitzbergen, Lapland, Virginia, and Canada. 
16. Saxifraga Bellardi.—From a fibrous root proceed tufts 
of hirsute leaves, dark green, wedge-shaped, three or five- 
lobed, with the middle lobe larger and bluntish. From the 
centre of each tuft issues one flower, seldom two or three; 
they are sessile, and the petals are elliptic and pure white.— 
Native ot the Piedmont Alps on moist mossy rocks. Found 
by Bellardi. 
17. Saxifraga Daurica.—Leaves cuneiform-rhombed, tooth¬ 
ed at the end, smooth, petioled, stem naked.—Native of the 
highest Alps of Dauria, under the snow. 
18. Saxifraga sarmentosa, or China saxifrage.—Leaves 
roundish, toothed, hairy, runners creeping, two petals elon¬ 
gated.—Native of China and Japan. 
19. Saxifraga punctata, or dotted Siberian saxifrage.—■ 
Leaves roundish, toothed, on long petioles, stem naked. 
Flowers smaller than in saxifraga geum, almost inferior.— 
Native of Siberia. 
20. Saxifraga umbrosa, or London pride.—Leaves all ra¬ 
dical, aggregate in tufts, spreading, running down into the 
petiole, even and quite smooth, often purple beneath. Scape 
a span high, erect, red, hairy, many-flowered, with a few 
small alternate bractes. Flowers upright. Petals obovate- 
lanceolate, white or flesh-coloured, most beautifully dotted 
with yellow and dark red. Germ altogether superior, rose- 
coloured.—Native of Ireland and England. 
21. Saxifraga hirsuta, or hairy saxifrage.—Stem naked, 
panicled. Leaves thick, kidney-shaped, crenate, deep green 
above, pale green beneath, on long, thick, hairy foot-stalks. 
Corolla white, marked with red spots. Stamens longer than 
petals.—Native of the Pyrenees. 
22. Saxifraga cuneifolia, or wedge-leaved saxifrage.— 
Leaves in spreading tufts, producing other little tufts, thick, 
solid, white and cartilaginous at the edge. Stem very brittle, 
a long span in height. Panicle thin, with the flowers on 
long, tender, branched pedicels.—Native of Switzerland, 
Styria, Dauphine. It flowers here in May. 
23. Saxifraga geum, or kidney-leaved saxifrage.—Leaves 
kidney-shaped, toothed, stem naked, panicled. Distinct 
from the preceding species in having the leaves erect. Petals 
dotted below the middle. Calyx reflexed.—Native of the 
Alps of Europe. 
II.—Leaves undivided; stem leafy. 
24. Saxifraga oppositifolia, or purple-flowered saxifrage.— 
Stem-leaves ovate, opposite, imbricate, the upper ones ci- 
liate. Stems very long, trailing, either forming tufts or 
hanging down from the crevices of rocks, branched, leafy ; 
the flowering branchlets erect. Flowers terminating, soli¬ 
tary, purple, large and handsome. Calyx purplish, ciliate 
at the edges. This beautiful plant insinuates its roots into 
every crevice, and with its numerous trailing branches 
cloaths the rocks with a rich tapestry, during the months of 
April and May. In gardens it flowers in February and 
March. As the flowers go off they incline to blue, and it 
is said to vary with white flowers. There are two varieties: 
one bearing flowers of a beautiful red colour, and the other 
yellow.—Native of Spitzbergen, Lapland, Britain, Switzer¬ 
land, Dauphine, Piedmont, Siberia; on Alpine rocks; flow¬ 
ering in April. On Snowdon; on Ben Lomond, and other 
Scottish mountains; Isles of Rum and Skye. 
25. Saxifraga aspera, or rough saxifrage.—This has tufts 
of leaves forming dark roses close to the ground, and younger 
stalks, as it were gems, sessile in the axils of the ciliate leaves. 
From the creeping stalk rise up flowering-stalks, a long span 
in height, weak, trifid or quadrifid. Leaves oblong, acute, 
rigidly ciliate at the edges. Flowers on long, naked, one- 
flowered branches, three or four in the whole, on the top 
of the plant.—Native of the mountains of Switzerland, 
Austria, Provence, Dauphine, and Piedmont. 
26. Saxifraga hirculus, or yellow marsh saxifrage.—Stem- 
leuves lanceolate, alternate, unarmed, stem erect, germ ovate. 
superior. Flowers one or two (sometimes three), large_ 
Native of Lapland, Sweden, England, Germany, Switzer¬ 
land, Piedmont, Siberia, in bogs. 
27. Saxifraga aizoides, or yellow mountain saxifrage.— 
Stem-leaves linear alternate tooth-ciliate, stem decumbent at 
the base, germ depressed half inferior.—The roots creep very 
far. From the upper part of the stem arise many peduncles, 
each from the axil of a leaf, of various lengths, the lower 
ones longest, each clothed with two small leaves, and gene¬ 
rally bearing one flower.—Native of Lapland, Sweden, Nor¬ 
way, Britain, Switzerland, Carniola, Dauphine, Silesia, Pied¬ 
mont. With us it is found in bogs and by rills, on most of 
the mountains in the north of England, and in Scotland: 
flowering in July and August. 
28. Saxifraga rotundifolia, or round-leaved saxifrage.— 
Stem-leaves kidney-shaped,toothed, petioled, corolla inferior. 
—The stem puts out a few slender foot-stalks from the upper 
part, which, together with the stem itself, are terminated by 
small clusters of flowers, white spotted with red.—Native of 
Switzerland, Austria, Silesia, Dauphine, and Piedmont. 
III.—Leaves lobed; stems erect. 
29. Saxifraga granulata, or white saxifrage.—Leaves kid¬ 
ney-shaped, lobed, stem panicled, root granulated, germ half 
inferior.—Native of Europe, in dry pastures and on banks, 
where the soil is gravelly. In Britain it is not very common, 
but where it does occur it is found in plenty : flowering in 
May, and seeding in June. It varies with double flowers, 
and in this state is cultivated. 
30. Saxifraga bulbifera, bulbous, or meadow saxifrage. 
Leaves palmate-lobed, stem-leaves sessile, stem branch e 
bulbiferous, germ half inferior. This is rather a variety of 
the preceding than a distinct species.—Native of Italy, in 
shady rocky pastures, and of Norway. 
31. Saxifraga cernua, or drooping bulbous saxifrage.— 
Leaves palmate, petioled, stem bulbiferous, petals retuse, 
germ superior. Root a small scaly bulb, throwing out 
branched black fibres. Flower terminating, solitary, white, 
nodding.—Native of the mountains of Lapland. 
32. Saxifraga rivularis, or Alpine brook saxifrage.—Leaves* 
palmate petioled, the upper one spatulate, stem few-flowered, 
root fibrous, germ half inferior. Flowers erect, small white. 
—Native of the Lapland mountains, Finmark, Norland, 
Siberia, and Scotland. 
33. Saxifraga geranioides, or crane’s-bill leaved saxifrage. 
—Root-leaves kidney-shaped, five-lobed, multifid, stem- 
leaves linear, stem almost naked branched. Root stolonifer- 
ous; pedunclesaxillary, alternate, commonly three-flowered, 
sometimes, but seldom, five-flowered.—Native of the Pyre¬ 
nees, by rills and on shady rock,s; also of Siberia. Intro¬ 
duced in 1770, by Monsieur Richard. It flowers in April 
and May. 
34. Saxifraga ajugifolia, or bugle-leaved saxifrage.—Root- 
leaves palmate-five-parted, stem-leaves linear, 'undivided, 
stems ascending, many-flowered. Runners before they put 
out leaves hirsute.—.Native of the mountains of Provence. 
35. Saxifraga Sibirica, or Siberian saxifrage.—Leaves kid¬ 
ney-shaped, palmate hairy, stem and peduncles filiform. 
Radicles capillary. Flower biggish, white, inferior.—Native' 
of Siberia. 
36. Saxifraga rupestris, or rock saxifrage.—Stem-leaves 
wedge-shaped, three-lobed, toothed, glandular-hairy, pedun¬ 
cles one-flowered, very long, stem ascending, branched at 
the base. Is an annual plant.—.Native of the mountains of 
Carinthia. 
37. Saxifraga tridactylites, rue-leaved saxifrage, or whit¬ 
low grass.—Leaves wedge-shaped, trifid or quinquefid alter¬ 
nate, the upper ones undivided, stem panicled, germ inferior. 
—Root annual, small, entirely fibrous. The whole herb is. 
succulent, pubescent with projecting hairs which are clammy 
from the globules which terminate them, and turning red 
after flowering. Flowers small, white, on solitary peduncles. 
Common in most parts of Europe, on walls, thatched 
roofs, and in dry barren places: flowering in April and 
May. 
38. Saxifraga 
